Introduction
Adolescent non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSI) is a major public health concern. NSSI is defined as the deliberate, self-inflicted damaging of body tissue without suicidal intent for purposes that are not socially or culturally sanctioned [1, 2]. Early adolescence is the peak period of NSSI, which, if recognized, provides an opportunity for early intervention because the youth is at risk of developing a repetitive maladaptive coping strategy [3]. Considering the high prevalence of non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors in clinical and non-clinical samples of adolescents, and the individual and social implications of these behaviors, the development of appropriate measurement tools to help better understand the nature of these behaviors has been among the research priorities of various studies. The significant increase in the rate of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior has caused many psychological tools to be developed to measure this behavior [4, 5]. The Ottawa self-Injury inventory (OSI) is a self-report measure that offers a comprehensive assessment of NSSI, including the measurement of its functions and addictive features [22]. In many studies, the validity and reliability of the original version of the OSI have been investigated. The OSI has been previously validated in a community sample of self-injured university students. Exploratory factor analyses revealed four function factors (internal emotion regulation, social influence, external emotion regulation, and sensation seeking) and a single addictive features factor. The purpose of this report was to describe a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the functions and addictive scales of the Ottawa self-Injury inventory-functions (OSI-F) among gifted adolescents [10-12]. 

Methods
In this correlational research, the statistical population included all gifted male and female students in the first and second grades of high schools in Saveh City. The statistical sample in this research included 350 gifted students (150 boys and 200 girls) who were selected using the available sampling method. In this study, gifted male and female students answered the OSI-F, the short version of the self-harm screening inventory for adolescents, the depression, anxiety, and stress scale, and the psychological capital questionnaire. in this study, the back translation method was used to prepare the OSI-F for Iranian adolescents. Therefore, in order to use the OSI-F for adolescents, its English version was translated into Persian for the sample of Iranian adolescents. Then, two translators discussed the differences between the English versions, and through the “iterative review process”, these differences were reduced to the minimum possible. Then, the semantic synonymy of the translated version with the original version was carefully examined. Finally, two members of the academic faculty of the university studied and confirmed the content validity and cultural compatibility of this list. In this stage, two items of the inventory in the section related to the motivation to start self-injurious behaviors due to cultural contrast with the value content of the dominant culture in the society were removed from the list of items. Therefore, the total number of inventory items in the section related to the motivation to start self-injurious behaviors was reduced to 22 items.

Results
The data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 18 and AMOS software, version 20. First, the data were checked for normality, outliers, and multicollinearity. Further, data were screened for instances of multicollinearity via analysis of tolerance (TOL) and variance inflation factor (VIF). Multicollinearity was not present as all TOL indices were >0.10 and all VIF measures were <3. To confirm the higher-order nature of measurement scale structural equation modeling using confirmatory factor analysis was utilized. CFA using maximum likelihood (ML) estimation was used to examine the hypothesis regarding the number of factors, their loadings, and factor intercorrelations. The CFA results for NSSI function factors revealed the following values: χ² (N=350)=538.93, p<0.05, GFI=0.93, CFI=0.95, RMSEA=0.065, and PCLOSE=0.32 that represented the good model fit. Also, the CFA results for NSSI addictive features revealed the following values: χ² (N=350)=29.42, p<0.05, GFI=0.93, CFI=0.92, RMSEA=0.069, and PCLOSE=0.41 that represented the good model fit. 
Table 1 shows the results related to the factor weights of the one-factor structure of the Ottawa self-injury scale measurement model-the functions in the continuation motivation section for teenagers.



Cronbach’s alpha for the addictive features scale was 0.87 and for the functions scales, including internal affect regulation, social influence, external affect regulation, and sensation seeking was 0.86, 0.87, 0.64, and 0.72, respectively.

Discussion 
The results related to the correlation between the scales of addictive characteristics and the functions of self-injurious behaviors with different aspects of psychological disturbance, including depression, anxiety, and stress as well as with unintentional self-injurious behaviors and finally, different dimensions of psychological capital including self-efficacy, resilience, hope, and optimism, confirmed the criterion validity of the OSI. In other words, by comparing the conceptual structure of the OSI with other self-injurious behavior measurement tools, various researchers emphasize that the OSI, on the one hand, provides the possibility of a comprehensive assessment of the study area of self-injurious behaviors among adolescents, and on the other hand, for conceptualization and the development of programs and intervention efforts related to the behavioral phenomenon of self-harm is of great importance [10-12, 14]. The results of the research in this section, in line with the teachings of the empowerment-oriented approach to resilience, point out that poverty in coping resources and the lack of richness of psychological capital of adolescents are of great importance in clarifying and explaining their recourse to non-conformity coping methods in facing challenging situations [8, 29, 30]. The results of the present study show that one of the most important risk factors to use maladaptive and incompatible coping strategies, such as non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors, as an emotion-oriented and non-constructive coping method, show a relationship with the lack of characteristics, such as self-compassion, secure attachment, psychological strength, self-control, reflectiveness, and challenging evaluations, positive thinking and searching for support resources [19, 24]. In sum, results show preliminary psychometric support for the OSI-F as a valid and reliable assessment tool to be used in both research and clinical contexts. 

Ethical Considerations

Compliance with ethical guidelines
All ethical principles were considered in this study. All participants were assured of the confidentiality of their information. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Alzahra University (Code: IR.ALZAHRA.REC.1400.07).

Funding
This study was extracted from the PhD thesis of MaryamValimohammadi, approved by Islamic Azad University of North Tehran Branch. This study was not funded by any organization.

Authors contributions
Conceptualization and Investigation: Maryam Valimohammadi and Omid Shokri; Editing, Review and final approval: All authors

Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank all participants for their cooperation
 

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