2024-03-28T13:25:06+04:30 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=8&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
8-90 2024-03-28 10.1002
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2005 10 3 Baclofen in Maintenance Treatment of Opioid Dependence: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial with Placebo-Controlled R. Rad Goodarzi E-mail: rezaradus@yahoo.com S. M. Assadi A. Ahmadi Abhari Key words: baclofen opioid dependence maintenance treatment 2005 2 01 184 194 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-90-en.pdf
8-91 2024-03-28 10.1002
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2005 10 3 High Doses of Buprenorphine in One-day Opium Detoxification: Clinical Trial M. Hafezi S. M. Asaadi E-mail:Assadism@sina.tums.ac.ir O. M. Razzaghi A. Mokri AbstractObjectives: The efficacy of high doses of buprenorphine prescription in one day was compared with the usual method. Method: In a double-blind trial, 40 patients with the diagnosis of opioid dependence (based on DSM- IV criteria) were randomly assigned into two groups. 20 patients received 12 mg of buprenorphine intramuscularly in divided doses during one day long 20 other patients were administered the usual decreasing doses of buprenorphine over five days. The followings were evaluated: success rate in detoxification, treatment retention in days, intensity of subjective withdrawal symptoms, intensity of objective withdrawal symptoms, level of drug craving, level of adjuvant drug use, drug side-effects, rate of positive urine tests for opioids, and levels of hepatic enzymes. Data were analyzed via statis- tical c2, t, Mann-Whitney, and Fisher tests. Findings: There was no significant difference between the two groups across most variables. The only difference observed was when the most withdrawal symptoms were evident, which was in the initial part of detoxification for the one-day treatment group and also at the end of the period for the five-days treatment group. Results: To shorten the detoxification period, the one-day and high doses of buprenorphine treatment can be beneficial even though further evaluations with a larger sample may be required. However, the use of injectable buprenorphine is not recommended in routine clinical practice, because of its possible abuse and serious side effects. Key words: buprenorphine opioid dependence detoxification 2005 2 01 195 202 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-91-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2005 10 3 Rapid and Clonidine Detoxification in Opium Dependent Patients M. M. Badiei E-mail:badiei@med.scap.com M. Eftekhar AbstractObjectives: This project was conducted to compare two programs of treatment, the rapid (naltrexone/ clonidine) and the conventional (clonidine) detoxification. Method: 54 opioid dependent patients referred to the clinic of Iran Educational Psychiatric Center participated in the study they were randomly placed in two groups. 28 patients in group A (naltrexone/ clonidine) and 26 patients in group B (clonidine) were studied. Data were collected via clinical in- terview based on DSM-IV criteria and a questionnaire appraising demographic in- formation and drug use patterns. For statistical evaluations, descriptive tests, t-test, and c2 were used. Findings: Both groups were similar in terms of demographic information,  pattern of drug use, and the rate of attrition in the one-month follow up. The severity of withdrawal symptoms was the same in the two groups and assessed generally at the moderate level. There was no difference in the rate of treatment completion between the two groups (94% for group A and 96% for group B). However, the length of hospitalization was significantly lower in group A than group B (five days. vs. nine days). There were no major side effects observed in the two groups. There were no significant differ-rences in terms of maintaining in treatment and rate of relapse in the one month follow up. Relapse rates were 50% and 46% respectively in groups A and B. Results: As an effective method, rapid detoxification with naltrexone combined with clonidine is recommended considering its moderate severity of withdrawal symptoms, short period of detoxi-fication, lack of severe adverse effects, as well as the possibility of rapid commencement of treat-ment with naltrexone for maintenance treatment.   Key words: clonidine naltrexone opioid dependence rapid detoxification addiction 2005 2 01 203 213 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-92-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2005 10 3 Rapid Detoxification of Opium Dependent Patients via Opioid Antagonist E. Eftekhar A. Taghva E-mail: Ataghva@yahoo.com Abstract Objectives: This project was conducted to assess the feasibility and outcome of rapid detoxification method. Method: 41 opium dependent patients (37 males, 4 females) with mean age of 29.1 years (17-44) who had been consecutive admitted to Iran Psychiatric Center during one year period were detoxified with subcutaneous naloxone (11 patients) or oral naltrexone (30 patients). Finally the detoxification was completed with the consumption of 50 mg of oral naltrexone. Findings: The required time for this method of detoxification was less than 72 hours. Except for two cases, all patients completed the treatment (95%).Among all serious side effects,delirium was seen in two subjects (5%). Results: The advantageous of this method of detoxification included little side effects, short period of treatment, significant efficacy, lower cost, and feasibility to provide the treatment to larger group of patients. Therefore, controlled study to replicate these findings is suggested.  Key words: opium dependence naloxone naltrexone rapid detoxification 2005 2 01 214 219 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-93-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2005 10 3 Naltrexone Maintenance Treatment of Opium Dependents and its Relation with Demographics and Psychological Factors A. Ghaffari Nejad E- mail: argnejad@yahoo.com H. Ziaadini A. Shahsavari Pour Abstract Objectives:This project was conducted to appraise the role of naltrexone drug and its relation with the demographics and psychological factors in relapse prevention of opium addicts post the detoxi- fication phase. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 107 male opium dependents who had received detoxifica-tion treatment at the dual diagnosis ward of Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kerman were educated about naltrexone maintenance treatment. The continuum of naltrexone consumption by the subjects was followed up via telephone contacts one month and once again in three months after hospital discharge. Subjects' demographic factors were evaluated by way of a demographic questionnaire and their psychological features were assessed by SCL-90-R questionnaire before the appearance of withdrawal symptoms.  Findings: The mean age of subjects was 33.75 ± 7.86 years. There was a positive correlation bet-ween patients’ level of education and the length of time subjects remained on naltrexone drug. 27.1% of subjects consumed the drug for less than a month 59.8% took it for one month, and 13.1% used it for three months. The first group scored significantly higher across all scales of SCL-90-R than the other two groups. Results: Prescription of naltrexone is more beneficial for educated patients.Pharmacotherapy coupled with non-medicinal treatment may lengthen naltrexone maintenance treatment.   Key words: opioid naltrexone maintenance treatment SCL-90-R 2005 2 01 220 226 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-94-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2005 10 3 Opioid Use in Hospitalized Patients of Hazrat Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital Sh. Nohesara E-mail:shabnam_no2002@yahoo.com M. Nasr Esfahani A. Afkham Ebrahimi AbstractObjectives: This project evaluated the prevalence of opioid use in hospitalized patients of a general hospital in Iran. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 494 patients hospitalized at 12 wards of Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital were evaluated. They were selected through convenient sampling method. The pediatric, emergency, ICU, and CCU wards were excluded from this study. The instrument for collection of data was a researcher-constructed questionnaire. Data were analyzed via descriptive- statistical methods and c2. Findings: The lifetime prevalence of opium use was 11.7% (10.9% male 0.8% female)  and the pre- valence of current opium use was 7.1%. The highest frequency of opioid use was observed in the patients in neurosurgery ward (23.8%), in the age group of 30 to 44 years old range (13.7%), and with high school education (14.8%). 12.1% married, 10.8% single, and 7.7% divorced patients reported to have used opioid. The most common pattern of opioid use was daily (48.3%) and the most common method of use was through inhalation (63. 8%). Results: Opioid use is pervasive in hospitalized patients at the general hospital further research is indispensable in this regard.   Key words: opioid use general hospital screening 2005 2 01 227 233 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-95-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2005 10 3 Psychoticism in Cannabis Users A. Afkham Ebrahimi E-mail:afkhami@iums.ac.ir M. Eftekhar A. Vahdat Abstract Objectives: The aim of this project was to assess the frequency and intensity of psychoticism or psychotic liability in cannabis users. Method: 100 hashish consumers (98 males, 2 females) were selected via convenient sampling me- thod as the subjects of the study. They completed Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) which measures the psychotic dimension in addition to neuroticism and extraversion. Some information on demographic characteristics such as age of the subjects, their pattern of consumption, and use of other substances were collected. Data were analyzed and presented by means of descriptive-statistical methods. Findings: This study indicated the considerable psychoticism in 50% of the sample.The obtained mean score of psychoticism in this project was higher than the score, which Eysenck had reported for the Iranian population. Results: Regarding the obtained data on cannabis use and psychoticism, it seems that cannabis may have adverse psychological effects on heavy users and can be considered as a risk factor for psy-chosis. Key words: psychoticism cannabis schizophrenia 2005 2 01 234 240 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-96-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2005 10 3 The Perceptions of Substance Abusers Regarding their Parental Discipline M. A. Goodarzi E-mail:goodarzi@shirazu.ac.ir M. Zarnaghash M. Zarnaghash Key words: addiction substance abuse disciplinary pattern family environment Family Environmental Questionnaire 2005 2 01 241 249 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2005 10 3 Adolescents’ Perspectives on Addiction: A Qualitative Study S. Parvizi E-mail: s_ parvizy@yahoo.com F. Ahmadi A. R. Nikbakht Nasrabadi Abstract Objectives: The aim of this qualitative project was to ascertain the adolescents’ perspectives re-garding health and addiction. Method: 41 adolescents from Tehran (22 males, 19 females) between 11 and 19 years of age were evaluated by way of open and semi-structured interviews. These subjects were selected by sampl-ing based on the project objectives. The interviews with the subjects were tape-recorded, then trans- cribed, and finally content analyzed. Findings: 87% of subjects under the study claimed friendships and connections with cohorts and 15% declared family as the reasons for the prevalence of addiction. Other reasons of the adole-scents were being relieved of problems and being carefree, feeling superior and powerful, compensat- ing for social restrictions, unemployment and lack of recreations, oppositional tendencies, and curiosity. Results: Considering adolescents as builders of the future and also pervasiveness of addiction problem, attaining information is indispensable regarding the perspectives of this vulnerable group vis-à-vis the relation between the concept of health with  addiction. This can be useful in cultural, health, and social program planning as well as need and priority assessments. Key words: addiction cigarettes alcohol adolescents qualitative study 2005 2 01 250 257 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-98-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2005 10 3 Relation between Communication Skills and Coping Mechanisms in Substance Abusers at Tehran Therapeutic Community Center M. Foadodini E-mail:foadmansoor@yahoo.com A. Mokri N. Shafaroodi AbstractObjectives: This project was conducted to appraise the communication and coping skills of sub-stance abusers residing at a therapeutic community center. It also evaluated the relation between the scores of communication skills and coping strategies. Method: 25 male substance abusers residing at a therapeutic community center in Tehran partici-pated in this descriptive-analytical study. These detoxified subjects were evaluated by two means, Coping Strategies Checklist consisting of problem-focused, emotion- focused, and low effective and uneffective copings the second mean was Assessment of Communication and Interactional Skills, an observational test composed of three sections of physical aspects, information exchange, and relationships. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient.Findings: The mean score of problem-focused coping strategy was higher than emotion-focused, and lower effective and uneffective coping scores. The mean score of communication skills was quite high. No significant relation was found between various sections of communication skills and coping strategies. Results: The addicts’ communication skills are at an acceptable and appropriate level. Although this group is not a complete representative of substance abusers population, they do not seem to have significant difficulties in terms of communication skills. This is an important matter in planning the content of life skills training, and for this group, it is better to utilize more suitable methods to improve their coping strategies.  Key words: addiction substance abuse problem solving communication skills coping strategies 2005 2 01 258 264 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2005 10 3 Scientific Report H. Najmi E-mail: hossein_najmi@hotmail.com Scientific Report 2005 2 01 266 268 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-100-en.pdf