2026-10-05T22:19:00+03:30 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=69&slc_lang=fa&sid=1

69-2094 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2014 19 4 Farzan Kheirkhah Seyed Reza Hosseini E-mail:Hosseinim46@yahoo.com Roghayyeh Fallah Ali Bijani Objectives: The aim of the current research was to determine the prevalence of cognitive disorders among elderly people of Amirkola during 2012-2013. Method: This study is a part of a comprehensive cohort project named as Amirkola Health and Ageing Project (AHAP) to investigate health status of 1600 elderly people (≥60 years old) in Amikola, in northern part of I.R. Iran. All elderly people in Amirkola were invited to participate in this study, at Social Determinats of Health (SDH) Research Centre, Babol University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). MMSE were used to screen cognitive impairments. Results: Prevalence of cognitive impairments was %18.3. The prevalence of cognitive impairments were higher in older aged (p<0.001), in women (p<0.001), in single people (p<0.001), in people with low educational level (p<0.001) and in those lived lonely (p=0.005). Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of cognitive disorders among elderly people of Amirkola, old-aged population screening using MMSE may be useful to early identification of cognitive impairments. cognitive disorder elderly Iran 2014 2 01 247 254 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2094-en.pdf

69-2105 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2014 19 4 Shabnam Jalilolgadr Ameneh Barikani E-mail:barikanius@yahoo.com Atena Soltanzadi   Objectives : The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of sleep bruxism in preschool-aged children in Qazvin, Iran. Method: In a cross-sectional study, using a cluster random sampling method, 400 children aged 3 to 6 years in Qazvin were selected. Diagnosis of sleep bruxism was stablished according to the criteria of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and based on the parents reports. Data collection was done by administering Farsi version of Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and Preschool Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ) to the parents. In addition, dental examination was performed. Data were analysed using chi-square test. Results: Sleep bruxism was identified in 76 children (19%). Sex Ratio (male to female) was 1.5. Sleep bruxism showed significant relationship with positive family history of bruxism (p=0.004), nail bitting (p=0.001), dental decays (p=0.001), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (p=0.04), snoring loudly during sleep (p=0.005), sleep talking (p=0.002), excessive limb movements (p=0.02) and restless sleep (p=0.01). Conclusions: The high prevalence of sleep bruxism in preschool-aged children demonstrates the necessity to further research on this issue.   sleep bruxism children Iran prevalence 2014 2 01 255 263 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2105-en.pdf

69-2095 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2014 19 4 Zahra Fazeli E-mail:zfazeli300@gmail.com Elham Shirazi Aliasgar Asgharnejad Farid Azize Afkham Ebrahimi Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of medication with and without parent management training (PMT) on visuo-constructive, attentional, behavioral and emotional indicators of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Method: In this interventional study, 18 children with ADHD combined type and their mothers were randomly allocated into a medication group (MED) and a medication plus parent management training (MED+PMT). Medication was prescribed for all affected children, for at least a five-week period. In addition, in MED+PMT group, 10 sessions of PMT was administered. The Child Symptom Inventory-4th Edition (CSI-4), Bender Gestalt Visual Motor Test, Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT), Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM), and Conners' Parent Rating Scales-Revised short form (CPRS-R-S) were administered before and after treatment. The data analysis was done by Hoteling test, t-test for independent variables, and univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: In both groups, after intervention the visuo-constructive scores were reduced and attention scores increased (p<0.05 and p<0.1, respectively).Combination treatment was effective on all relevant indices (p<0.01, in all cases). Also, medication alone caused significant changes in hyperactivity (p<0.05) and ADHD (p<0.05) indices. The oppositional behavior scores were reduced more in MED+PMT group than MED group (p<0.05). Neither medication nor combination treatment was effective on emotional indices. Conclusion: Medication is effective in treatment of cognitive impairments. However, combination of medication and parent management training causes more improvement in oppositional behaviors and interaction between parents and children. attention deficit/hyperactivity medication parent management training (PMT) emotional indices behavioral indices attention indices 2014 2 01 264 274 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2095-en.pdf

69-2090 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2014 19 4 Hojjat Ebrahimi E-mail:hojattebrahimi@gmail.com Mahmood Dejkam Tahereh Seghatoleslam   Objectives : The current research aim was to consider the childhood traumas’ relationship with depression and suicide attempt in adulthood. Method: This study population consisted of all refereed individual to Loghman Hakim Hospital due to suicide attempt at the Fall 2011 and Winter 2012. Of these 180 people (100 females and 80 males) were selected by random sampling method and studied by inclusion-exclusion criteria. Also, 180 patients (100 females and 80 males) hospitalized during the Fall 2011 and Winter 2012 due to physical disease-without even indirect relevance with suicide- were examined. Data collection was by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The data were analyzed using discriminant functions and multivariable regression. Results: By increasing the level of childhood traumas (all subscales) the suicide attempt probability (p≤0.001) was increased (p≤0.01). Of childhood trauma the emotional abuse had the most effect on suicide attempt. Moreover, there were relationships among emotional abuse (p≤0.01), physical neglect (p≤0.001) and emotional neglect (p≤0.001). Conclusion: Childhood traumas, especially emotional abuse may lead to depression and suicide attempt in adulthood . suicide attempt childhood trauma depression 2014 2 01 275 282 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2090-en.pdf

69-2088 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2014 19 4 Shima Ataie Ladan Fata E-mail:Lfata@yahoo.com Ali Ahmadi Abhari Objectives: The current study was aimed to investigate rumination and avoidance in healthy individuals and those with depressive and social anxiety disorders. Method: Sixty patients (30 with depressive disorder, and 30 with social anxiety disorder), and 120 nonclinical participants answered research questionnaires including Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Response Styles Questionnaire (RSQ), Cognitive Behavioral Avoidance Scale (CBAS) and Post Event Processing Questionnaire (PEPQ). Discriminant function analysis revealed major differences among the groups. Results: The findings indicated significant difference between individuals with depression and those with social anxiety disorder in three variables including cognitive nonsocial avoidance (p<0.001), behavioral nonsocial avoidance (p<0.001) and rumination (p<0.001). No significant differences were found between two clinical groups in three variables of post event processing, social avoidance and distraction. Cognitive nonsocial avoidance and rumination variables were the best predictors for distinguishing social anxiety group from depressed group. Conclusion: The current study showed some overlap in cognitive psychopathology of depressive and social anxiety disorders. It seems that rumination, post event processing, and avoidance are on a continuum from normal to abnormal. However, rumination and cognitive nonsocial avoidance were distinctive features of depression. This study provided evidences supporting both dimensional and categorical approaches. categorical approach dimensional approach rumination cognitive social avoidance depressive disorder social anxiety disorder 2014 2 01 283 295 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2088-en.pdf

69-2096 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2014 19 4 Ziba Taherian E-mail: drztaheriyan@yahoo.com Asghar Aghaei Mohsen Golparvar Sadeq Vallian Boroujeni Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of counselor self-disclosure on clients’ perception of counselor's social influence including expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness in genetic counseling sessions for thalassemia prior to marriage. Method: This research was an analogue study performed using simulated genetic counseling sessions with depicted scenario. Among couples referred to Isfahan Medical Genetics Center, 131 people participated to the study. We used a demographic questionnaire, a scenario of a genetic counseling session for thalassemia, and Counselor Rating Form-S (CRF-S). Three versions of the scenario were prepared: without counselor self-disclosure, with professional self-disclosure, and with personal self-disclosure. Imaginating themselves as the client, participants completed CRF-S and showed their perception of counselor's social influence. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the data. Results: Participants assessed the counselor in the personal self-disclosure scenario more trusted than in scenario without self-disclosure. Conclusion: As shown in previous studies, counselor self-disclosure may have positive effects on clients’ perception of counselor’s social influence. genetic counseling counselor self-disclosure counselor\'s social influence client’s perception of counselor 2014 2 01 296 304 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2096-en.pdf

69-2086 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2014 19 4 Leili Panaghi Gheysar Maleki E-mail:ghmaleki.1365@gmail.com Abbas Zabihzadeh Marjan Poshtmashhadi Zahra Soltaninezhad Objectives: The aim of current study was to investigate the validity, reliability, and factor analysis of Experience in Close Relationship (ECR) scale. Method: A sample including 391 married individuals (189 male and 202 female) were selected from different region of Tehran by convenience sampling method. In addition to the ECR scale, data collection was by administering Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale (DASS-21) and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES) for investigating the convergent and divergent validity of anxiety, and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) extraversion subscale was conducted for divergent validity of avoidant subscale. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis indicated that two factor model of ECR fit in Iranian sample. The convergent validity of anxiety was confirmed by depression and anxiety subscale of DASS-21 and the divergent validity with RSES. The divergent validity of avoidant was also confirmed by investigating its relation with extraversion subscale. The test-retest reliability over a two week period for total score and two dimensions of avoidant and anxiety were 0.87, 0.71, and 0.89, respectively. Conclusion: The psychometric characteristics of ECR in Iranian society seem satisfactory. It could be said that the ECR is a useful and reliable tool for attachment research and couple counseling in Iran. experience in close relationship questionnaire; factor analysis; validity; reliability 2014 2 01 305 313 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2086-en.pdf

69-2092 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2014 19 4 Mohammadali Mazaheri Mojtaba Habibi Ahmad Ashori E-mail: ahmad.ashouri@gmail.com Objectives: The current research aim was to study the factor analysis, reliability and validity of the Persian version of Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES-IV) in Iranian families’ society. Method: Initially, the FACES-IV was translated to Persian by four psychologists, and then back translated into English by an English expert. The modifications were performed after a pilot study with 30 participants. Thereafter, the final version was administrated to 1652 subjects (558 fathers, 576 mothers, and 518 children) in seven large provinces in the country. In order to testing the convergent and divergent validity the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), Youth Self-Report  (YSR), Parenting Stress Inventory-short form (PSI-SF), Life Event checklist (LE), Family Conflicts Scale (FCS), and Family Satisfaction Scale (FSS) were used. Results: Alpha’s Chronbach for the total score of FACES-IV and for the balanced cohesion, balanced flexibility, disengaged, enmeshed, rigid, chaotic subscales for fathers were 0.74, 0.71, 0.60, 0.70, 0.60, and 0.58, for mothers 0.72, 0.72, 0.69, 0.69, 0.56, and 0.62, and for children 0.59, 0.77, 0.69, 0.74, 0.52, and 0.55, respectively. The convergent and divergent validity tests by calculating the correlation coefficient of FACES-IV using DASS, YSR, PSI-SF, and LE were satisfactory. The confirmatory factor analysis results depicted fit of the six-factor model (the cohesion dimension included disengaged, balanced flexibility, enmeshed subscales, and the flexibility dimension included rigid, balanced flexibility and chaotic subscales) with the data. Conclusion: The FACES-IV Persian version meets the psychometric properties needed for application in psychological studies and clinical diagnoses. reliability validity factor analysis family adaptability and cohesion 2014 2 01 314 325 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2092-en.pdf

69-2091 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2014 19 4 Mohammad Bagher Saberi Zafarghandi Mohsen Roshanpajouh E-mail:roshanpajouh@gmail.com Roksana Mirkazemi Jafar Bolhari ScientificReport Challenges Integrating Drug Demand Reduction Primary Health Care Iran 2014 2 01 326 329 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2091-en.pdf