2026-10-05T20:41:20+03:30 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=43&slc_lang=fa&sid=1

43-1961 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2001 7 1 mir mohamad vali Majd Taymouri banafsheh . Gharaei   Purpose of study : the present research was carried out to study the prevalence of mental retardation among the youth and children of Savojbolagh region, and to study its probable causes. Method: the study comprised two phases. In the first phase, 1229 girls and boys, aged 5 to 18, were selected from among the children and youth of the urban and rural areas of Savojbolagh, through cluster sampling. In order to assess the prevalence of mental retardation, the raven test was administered and a psychiatric review was done, as a result of which, mental retardation was detected in 55 subjects. In the second phase, the probable cases of mental retardation were examined through a questionnaire and urine and blood tests administered to the 55 subjects. Findings: the spread of the disorder was found to be 4.4% which is much higher than what is reported in other researches in Iran and elsewhere. As of the causes, the phenilketonuria complication was 3.6% in the studied sample, which is much higher than what is reported globally, and which therefore calls for more extensive research in the field. In addition, intermarriage, and repeated labors within short intervals seem to have provided grounds for the disorder. The additional findings reveal that postnatal jaundice has been high among this group of children. This also requires further multidimentional researches.   2001 9 01 7 19 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1961-en.pdf

43-1962 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2001 7 1 narges Shams Alizadeh jafar Bolhari davoud Shahmohammadi   Objectives : the study was meant to measure the prevalence of mental disorder among the people of Valian, a village in Tehran province, who aged 15 and over. Method: all the residents of Valian village aged 15 and over (N=630) were studied through general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) and clinical interviews based on DSM-IV. Findings: the prevalence rate of mental disorders measured 26.5%, (35.7% and 14.6% for females and males respectively). Highly common mental disorders were free-floating anxiety (11.7%), major depression (11.3%), simple phobia (7.3%), dysthymia (5.6%), and obsessive-compulsive disorder 4.3%). Mental disorders proved to be more prevalent among females, illiterate and low-literate individuals over 45 years of age, and among families with traces of mental disorders or with kinship between parents. No significant relation was found between "marital status", "birth hierarchy" and mental disorders. However, prevalence of mental disorders among working women measured less than that among housewives. Some 35.5 of subjects claimed to have referred, sometime in the past, to a physician/psychiatrist for the mental disorder they were suffering from, though none received appropriate, regular and continuous treatment and or sufficient doses of medication. The study demonstrated that, out of the total number of the patients only 3.6% were covered by the national programme of Mental Health in the village. However all the psychotic patients identified were covered by the programme. 2001 9 01 19 27 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1962-en.pdf

43-1963 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2001 7 1 mahbobeh Dadfar jafar Bolhari kazem Dadfar sayd akbar Bayanzadeh   Objectives : since the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder are basically culture-bound, identification and classification of the various kinds of symptoms prevalent among obsessive-compulsive patients have clinical significance. Better identification of symptoms of obsession among Iranian patients will result in quick and timely diagnosis of the disorder. Further, it will be useful in differential diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. Method: 56 obsessive-compulsive patients from Tehran Psychiatric Institute outpatient clinic, Shahid Esmaili Hospital and private offices were selected through available sampling. In order to make accurate diagnosis of the patients, the obsessive-compulsive diagnostic checklist was used. The symptoms and the intensity of obsessive-compulsive behaviors were assessed by the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive Scale. Findings: the most prevalent symptoms of obsession were related to contamination, religious concerns, washing, cleaning, repetitive acts and rechecking. The symptoms of saving and storing up were least prevalent. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that the age of onset of the disorder was higher for females as compared to males. The intensity of the symptoms was greater among the patients who had suffered from the disorder for more than 5 years. 2001 9 01 27 33 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1963-en.pdf

43-1964 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2001 7 1 davoud shahmohammadi , safiyeh Ashgharzadeh Amin mojtaba Ehsanmanesh   Objectives : considering the importance of delusions in diagnosing of psychosis and the role of culture in the forming of delusions this study investigates the content of delusions among psychotic patients. Method: subjects were 250 psychotic patients (165 male, 85 female) who had been admitted to Shahid Esmaili Center during 1992 – 1996. 75% of them were aged 15 – 45, 106 of subjects were single and 104 of them were married. Research instrument was a questionnaire consisted of questions about type and content of delusions, hallucinations and demographic data. Data were analyzed through descriptive methods. Findings: this study indicated that persecutory delusions were the most prevalent type while grandiosity delusions stand at second rank. Conclusion: although the content of delusions across different cultures are more or less the same, different aspects of cultures, nations and religions have an influential role on the content of delusions. 2001 9 01 33 39 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1964-en.pdf

43-1965 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2001 7 1 sayd saed Sadr uosef Semnani   Objective : ECT as a treatment for psychiatric patients, is not only a low risk but also is a very cost-effective treatment, both for the patients and the health care system. However, to initiate ECT treatment, it is mandatory to obtain the consent of the person(s) accompanying the patients. The accompaniers' attitude towards ECT is a determining factor in signing the letter of consent and following up treatment sessions. The present study was designed to examine the attitude of patients' accompaniers and the factors affecting their attitude. Method: 126 accompaniers were selected through available sampling procedure and were administered a demographic and an attitudinal questionnaire. The research data were analyzed via t-test, analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-whitney methods. Findings: the results demonstrated no significant relationship between the attitude of the accompaniers and their age, sex, literacy level or the type of their relationship with the patient. However, previous experiences of hospitalization in psychiatric wards and of past ECT, and the source from which the accompaniers obtained information on ECT, affected the accompaniers' attitudes. Accordingly, it is strongly recommended that the psychiatrists, psychologists, physicians and/or the nurses in charge of ECT provide the necessary briefing concerning ECT and that they introduce the new patients to the ones who have already received ECT. 2001 9 01 39 45 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1965-en.pdf

43-1966 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2001 7 1 ali akbar Parvizi Fard behroze Birashk mohamad kazem Atefvahid jalal Shakeri   Objectives : the study was designed to examine the comorbidity of pathological mood and anxiety disorders among hospitalized addicts and normal individuals.   Method : fifty male addicts (N=50), hospitalized in a psychiatric center, in west of Iran, and fifty normal subjects (N=50) were selected. The subjects were matched in terms of demographic characteristics. The subjects in both groups were interviewed and were administered diagnostic instruments. The assessment and diagnosis of co-occurrence of mood and anxiety among the addicts who had voluntarily sought treatment, were carried out at least two weeks after hospitalization, i.e. after detoxification was completed and withdrawal symptoms were relieved. BDI and STAI-Y questionnaire were used for screening, and the presence of symptoms were using DSM-IV criteria and the clinical evaluation by the psychiatrist in charge. Findings : the results demonstrated that 72.3% of the addicts met the diagnostic criteria for mood and anxiety disorders. The most common disorders proved to be major depression (66%) and generalized anxiety (12%). 2001 9 01 45 55 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1966-en.pdf

43-1967 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2001 7 1 hamid Tofani , maryam Javanbakhat   Objectives : stressful life events, coping strategies and attitude towards life have been known as important components in tendency toward substance abuse. This study investigates coping patterns and dysfunctional attitudes among a group of clients at Mashhad Welfare Center as substance abusers comparing with those of control group. Method: 50 male substance abusers were selected randomly and matched with control group with regard to age, education, job and income level. Dysfunctional Attitude Scale and Coping Skills Questionnaire were applied in this study. Findings: results showed that during stressful period of life, substance abusers had weaker problem solving strategies, cognitive evaluation and social support compared with control group. Conclusion: this study showed that cognitive therapy and coping skills training could be beneficial for primary and secondary prevention. 2001 9 01 55 63 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1967-en.pdf

43-1968 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2001 7 1 ali Anari Jaberi ali Ravari majid . Kazemi   Objectives : the study was meant to measure the effects, of Ramadan fasting on students at the school of nursing, midwifery and paramedics at Rafsanjan Medical College. Method: the subjects comprised 67 randomly selected (N=67) from various fields of study who managed to fast at least 21 days, during the holy month of Ramadan. The research instruments consisted of a demographic questionnaire and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Scale. The assessment was carried out on two occasions: 10 days before and 10 days after Ramadan. Findings: a t-test was administered and the results showed a significant difference between the subject' self-esteem on the two occasions. Conclusion: the result demonstrated that Ramadan fasting significantly increased self-esteem among students. 2001 9 01 63 68 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1968-en.pdf

43-1969 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2001 7 1 ahmad Jamali , hamid Jamali , hasan . Ashayeri mohamad mahdi Esfahani alireza Nikbakht Nasr Abadi   Objectives : in order to remove the difficulties of learning the verses of Holy Quran and facilitate, the relevant data were examined in the course of the present research, taking advantage of optimization of means of such learning. It should be noted that encoding such data (i.e. the verses) takes place in the phonological cycle and their retrieval takes place by triggering the implicit memory. Method: 120 school-boys, aged 15-16, were divided into an experimental group learned and memorized 21 selected verses, using modern learning methods. The subjects in the control group learned and memorized the same verses through traditional approaches. Two written tests were administered to assess the subjects' retrieval. After the administration of the first written test, the subjects were classified into three groups: weak, average and excellent. Findings: after a Chi square test was administered, the results of the first and the second written tests demonstrated a significant difference. Further, the results of the first and the second written tests obtained from the multiple-Sentence Logistic Regression Test, demonstrated that the subjects who were classified as "weak" in the initial assessment, had the chance to improve and move to the higher class. This chance was respectively 88 and 67 times greater among the ones who received modern instructions as compared to the ones who were taught by traditional approaches. 2001 9 01 68 76 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1969-en.pdf

43-1970 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2001 7 1 maryam Hanasabzadeh Esfahani rokhsareh Yazdandoost mehrdad . Mohammadian   Objectives : the present study was designed to examine, within the framework of cognitive-behavioral theory, the efficiency of cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of depression among young adults. Method: three case studies were carried out, with 15 – 17 year old females, suffering from depression. They were selected from among the patients referred to a psychiatrist's office. Each subject received eight sessions of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy, with each session lasting 45-60 minutes. The sessions were held twice a week. The subjects were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale at three point, pre-treatment, post-treatment and follow-up one-month after the end of treatment. Results: the results demonstrated that cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective in reducing both dysfunctional attitudes and depressive symptoms among young adults. 2001 9 01 76 85 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1970-en.pdf

43-1971 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2001 7 1 esmael Zare's Zavaraki   Objectives : the present study was designed to investigate children's motor skills and their neurological functions. Since children's primary behavioral response is of the motor type, and since motor skills start with reflexive activities and become more complex as the central nervous system develops and gradually relate to higher neurological centers, an investigation of children's motor development would provide insights into their neurological functioning. Method: 20 primary school boys, with mathematics learning disorder, were selected. Their neurological functioning were compared with those of 20 3rd and 4th grade normal school boys studying in Tehran using the Raven Progressive Matrix Test for children, the mathematics Learning Disorder Diagnostic Test and the Lincoln-Ozertsy Motor Development Test. The data were analyzed through correlation coefficients and t-test procedures. Findings: the findings demonstrated that general motor skills were more developed among normal students than those suffering from mathematics learning disorder. Furthermore, major and fine motor skills, motor coordination, motor speed and static balance were more developed in normal school children than in children with mathematics learning disorder students. 2001 9 01 85 92 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1971-en.pdf

43-1972 2026-10-05 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2001 7 1 rabeah Arya'i reza Nilipoor hasan Ashayeri   Objectives : the study was designed to investigate the impairment of the ability to discriminate between nouns and verbs, resulting from the damage to the left-hemisphere, a condition which could lead to linguistic disorders proportionate to the depth and extent of the damage. Various experimental and clinical investigations have demonstrated that nouns and verbs may, independent of one another, become subject to dissociation as a consequence of various types of brain changes. Method: the subjects were 20 Persian speaking patients with aphasia (8 female and 12 males), aged 33-76, receiving treatment in speech therapy centers in Tehran. The data were collected through a Persian Aphasia Test. Findings: the descriptive and analytical research findings demonstrated a significant relationship between the ability to use nouns and the damage to the temporal lobe of the left hemisphere, near the angular gyrus and the corpus callosum. A similar relationship was found between the ability to use verbs and the damage in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere. The important issue here is the difference in the location of damage to the areas of brain responsible for discriminating nouns and verbs, an issue that cannot be ignored. 2001 9 01 92 100 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1972-en.pdf