2026-09-13T10:30:33+04:30 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=111&slc_lang=fa&sid=1

111-4123 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Mehdi Zemestani m.zemestan@gmail.com Iman Parniani imanparniani@gmail.com Objectives This study aims to investigate the mediating role of impulsivity in the relationship between the pathological personality traits and externalizing spectrum disorders in men with substance use disorders (SUDs). Methods This is a correlational cross-sectional study using the structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population consists of all men with a history of SUDs who were undergoing outpatient treatment in addiction treatment centers in Sanandaj, Iran, of whom 349 were selected using a convenience sampling method. The instruments were the personality inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), the externalizing spectrum inventory (ESI), and the Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS). Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22 and AMOS version 24. Results The results showed that the PID-5 pathological personality traits of antagonism (β=0.593, P=0.001), detachment (β=0.513, P=0.001), disinhibition (β=0.616, P=0.001), negative affectivity (β=0.565, P=0.001), and psychoticism (β=0.541, P=0.001) had significant and positive correlations with the ESI score. Furthermore, the bootstrap test results showed that the BIS dimensions of cognitive, motor and non-planning impulsivity significantly mediated the relationship between five pathological personality traits and externalizing spectrum disorders (P<0.05). Conclusion Given the mediating role of impulsivity in the relationship between pathological personality traits and externalizing spectrum disorders in men with SUDs, more attention should be paid to these constructs for prevention and treatment of SUDs. Pathological personality traits Externalizing spectrum disorders Substance use disorders Impulsivity 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4123-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.345.4

111-4148 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Ashraf Sadat Mousavi asraf.mousavi@gmail.com Sudabeh Dadaei Objectives This study aims to compare body image concern, self-compassion and emotion regulation strategies in obese women with and without applying for metabolic weight-loss surgery. Methods In this causal-comparative study, two groups of obese women with applying (n=80) and without applying (n=80) for metabolic surgery participated match for age and marital status, who were selected using a purposive sampling method from Milad Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2023. The Body Image Concern inventory (BICI), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were used to collect data. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Results The BICI score was significantly higher in applicant women (F=215.129, df=160, P≤0.001). The applicant women had significantly lower SCS score in total (F=176.488, df=160, P≤0.001) and in domains of self-kindness (F=130.415, df=160, P≤0.001), human commonality (F=160.596, df=160, P≤0.001), and mindfulness (F=215.129, df=160, P≤.001), and higher score in domains of self-judgment (F=23.775, df=160, P≤0.001), isolation (F=51.530, df=160, P≤0.001) and over-identification (F=67.353, df=160, P≤0.001). In terms of CRQ score, there was no significant difference between the two groups in cognitive reappraisal domain, but a significant difference in expressive suppression was reported (F=438.531, df=160, P≤0.001). Conclusion Obese women applying for metabolic surgery have more body image concern and lower self-compassion than non-applicants. Also, they mostly use expressive suppression strategy to regulate their emotions. Considering these factors before applying for metabolic surgery can be effective in increasing the efficiency of selective weight loss treatments. Metabolic surgery Body image concern Self-compassion Emotion regulation Obesity 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4148-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.740.5

111-4205 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Masoumeh Eisazadeh Mahmoud Bahramkhani m.bahramkhani@gmail.com Objectives Several factors are involved in the social anxiety experience of teenagers, and attachment styles and psychological functions, such as ego strength and mentalization, play a significant role. This study predicts social anxiety based on attachment styles, mentalizing capacity, and ego strength in teenage students of Qazvin City, Iran. Methods This study employed a correlational design. The statistical population of this research consists of teenage students from Qazvin City, Iran, who were selected using a multi-stage stratified sampling method. The number of samples was obtained using the Cochran formula of 380 people, of which 152 girls and 165 boys remained after the drop of subjects. The data was collected using the following questionnaires: Social phobia inventory, attachment style questionnaire, psychological inventory of ego and reflective function questionnaire. Meanwhile, multiple regression was used to analyze the data. Results According to the results of multiple linear regression, the variables included in the model explained 42.8% of the variance of social anxiety. Ego strength and secure attachment style had a negative and significant relationship with social anxiety. Avoidant insecure attachment style and ambivalent insecure attachment style had a positive and significant relationship with social anxiety. Also, certainty and uncertainty dimensions of mentalization had no significant relationship with social anxiety in the regression model. Although examining the relationship between mentalization and social anxiety using the Pearson coefficient showed a positive and significant relationship between mentalization (certainty) and there was a negative and significant relationship between mentalization (uncertainty) and social anxiety. Conclusion Attachment styles and ego strength can predict social anxiety in teenagers. Mentalizing capacity alone is related to social anxiety, but in combination with attachment styles and ego strength, it does not have a significant role in predicting social anxiety. Social phobia Object attachment Mentalization Ego Strength 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4205-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.949.1

111-4066 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Nikoo Zargarani nikoo_zargarani@modares.ac.ir Parviz Azadfallah azadfa_p@modares.ac.ir Hojjatollah Farahani h.farahani@modares.ac.ir Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Embodied Sense of Self Scale (ESSS). Methods This is a psychometrics study. Participants were 215 Iranian people (160 females and 55 males with a mean age of 33.34±10.81) who were different based on age, education level, marital status and place of residence. They were selected from the general population by a convenience sampling method in 2020-2022. After translating the Persian version of the ESSS, it was completed by the participants online, along with the dissociative experiences scale II (DES-II) and the prosocial tendencies measure (PTM). Data were analyzed in SPSS sifwaer, version 27 and R version 4.3.2 Lavaan package using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the average variance extracted (AVE), Pearson correlation test, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and McDonald’s omega coefficient. Results The three-factor structure of the scale was not confirmed by the CFA but the two-factor solution (agency and narrative) had good fit. The AVE values for agency, narrative, and overall scale were 0.45, 0.52, and 0.42, respectively. The correlation coefficient of narrative and agency domains with subscales of DES-II were in the range of 0.33-0.55. The correlation values of agency and narrative with subscales of PTM were in the range of 0.17-0.30. The Persian ESSS had good convergent validity but had low divergent validity. Cronbach’s alpha values for narrative and agency subscales were 0.86 and 0.83, respectively and McDonald’s omega values were 0.84 for both subscales, indicating the good internal consistency of the two-factor structure of the Persian ESSS. Conclusion The Persian version of the ESSS with two subscales has acceptable validity and reliability for Iranian samples; however, exploratory factor analysis is needed to reach optimum validity. Embodied sense of self Embodiment Factor analysis Culture 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4066-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.1899.1

111-4203 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Naghmeh Malekpour malekpour.n@ajums.ac.ir Frouzan Behrozian forouzanbehrouzian1398@gmail.com Nariman Najafi Narimannj@ymail.com Esmaeil Mousavi Asl seyedesmaeilmousaviasl@gmail.com Objectives The prevalence of paranoid ideation in the general population raises questions about the factors that contribute to severe or clinical paranoia. The present study aims to investigate the mediating role of shame and self-criticism in the relationship between early life experiences and paranoid ideation in Iranian college students. Methods This is a correlational study using structural equation modeling (SEM). Participants were 272 students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz, Iran, who were selected by a convenience sampling method. They completed the Early Life Experiences Scale, Green et al.’s Paranoid Thoughts Scale-8 item, the External and Internal Shame Scale, and the Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale-Short-Form. To analyze the data, the Pearson correlation test and SEM were performed in SPSS software, version 24 and LISERL software, version 8.80. The Bootstrap test was used to assess the indirect effects. Results Paranoid ideation had a positive and significant relationship with shame (r=0.56, P=0.01), self-criticism (r=0.31, P=0.01), and early life experiences (r=0.51, P=0.01). The indirect relationship between early life experiences and paranoid ideation was also significant through shame, with a standard path coefficient of 0.25 (P<0.05). However, indirect relationship between early life experiences and paranoid ideation through self-criticism was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Shame and self-criticism can mediate the relationship between early life experiences and paranoid ideation in Iranian college students. Therefore, the variables of shame and self-criticism should be considered in developing therapeutic interventions for people with paranoid thoughts. Shame Self-criticism Life experiences paranoid 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4203-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.1.2146.3

111-4116 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Sara Sobhani sobhani.sa@iums.ac.ir Fahimeh Fathali Lavasani lavasani.f@iums.ac.ir Reihaneh Moniri reihaneh.moniri94@gmail.com Hojjatollah Farahani h.farahani@modares.ac.ir Arezoo Samadi arezoosamadi1980@yahoo.com Objectives This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Adaptive Coping with Disease (AKU) questionnaire for Iranian patients with chronic diseases. Methods In this psychometrics study, participants were 477 patients with chronic diseases aged 16-79 years referred to medical centers in Tehran, Iran, who were selected using a convenience sampling method in 2022. They completed the Persian versions of the AKU, Lazarus’ Ways of Coping questionnaire (WCQ), and the 36-item short form health survey (SF-36). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) used for assessing the construct validity, while Pearson correlation test was used for determining the convergent validity. Reliability was determined using Cronbach’s alpha. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS software, version 27 and R package Laavan 4.3.2. Results The CFA confirmed the six-factor structure of the AKU including Trust to Divine Help, Trust to Medical Help, Search Information and Alternative Help, Conscious Ways of Living, Positive Attitude, and Reappraisal, after excluding items 6 and 19. The fit indices showed the good fit of the CFA model (χ2/df= 2.32, RMSEA= 0.053, and CFI=0.949). The questionnaire had acceptable internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.82 for the overall scale and 0.59-0.81 for the six factors. The average variance extracted (AVE) was 0.53 and the composite reliability coefficient was 0.94, indicating the fit of the model for convergent validity. A significant correlation was found between the Persian AKU score and the scores of WCQ and SF-36, indicating a good convergent validity. Conclusion The Persian AKU questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool that can be used in research and clinics on Iranian patients with chronic diseases. Chronic disease Coping strategies Factor analysis Validity Quality of Life 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4116-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.2152.2

111-4112 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Monir Baradaran Eftekhari mbeftekhari200@gmail.com Masoumeh Dejman dejman.masoumeh@gmail.com Katayoun Falahat kfalahat@yahoo.com Zohreh Mahmoudi zohrehmahmoodi2011@gmail.com Ameneh Setareh Forouzan asforouzan@gmail.com Objectives Mental disorders contribute to a significant global disease burden worldwide. The present study aims to develop and evaluate a transdiagnostic intervention based on the common elements treatment approach (CETA) for mental disorders in Iranian adults. Methods This mixed-method study (qualitative/quantitative) was conducted in Semnan province, Iran. In the qualitative stage, interviews were conducted using the free listing technique with 20 community members and 10 key informants to extract the common mental disorders. Then, a tool for screening these disorders was designed, and its face validity, content validity, and criterion validity were determined. Next, the CETA-based transdiagnostic program for the treatment of these mental disorders was developed, and three training workshops on implementing the intervention program were held for 30 healthcare providers. Finally, a randomized clinical trial was conducted on 500 adults with mental disorders referred to health centers in Semnan province in two groups of intervention (receiving the CETA-based program) and control (routine treatment), and the effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated. Results Three mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), were identified in the qualitative phase. The designed screening tool for measuring these disorders was a valid and reliable tool with 76 items. In this tool, the cut-off points for depression, anxiety, and OCD were 14, 17, and 6, respectively. In evaluating the effectiveness of transdiagnostic intervention, the results showed that the mean scores of depression (P<0.001), anxiety (P<0.001), and OCD (P<0.05) significantly decreased after intervention in both control and intervention groups, where the CETA-based intervention was more effective than the routine treatment.  Conclusion The CETA-based transdiagnostic intervention, delivered by healthcare providers to adults with depression, anxiety, and OCD, is a feasible and effective method and can be used to increase the mental health of adults in Iran. Transdiagnostic approach Clinical trial Common elements treatment Depression Anxiety Obsessive-compulsive disorder 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4112-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.1.2669.5

111-4151 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Pouya Farokhnezhad Afshar pouyafarokhnezhad@yahoo.com Roghayeh Saei saei6917@gmail.com Azar Mehri mehri@tums.ac.ir Objectives This study aimed to compare the Stroop test scores between older adults with and without sleep problems in Maragheh, Iran. Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Using a convenience sampling method, 100 older adults aged ≥58 years referred to the adult day care centers in Maragheh City, East Azerbaijan province, Iran in 2023, were selected. Based on the sleep quality index score, they were divided into two groups without sleep problems (n=42) and with sleep problems (n=58). Data analysis was conducted in SPSS software, version 24. Results The mean age of older adults without sleep problems was 67±5 years, while it was 66±5 years for older adults with sleep problems. In the Stroop test, the results showed that the mean difference between the two groups was significant in the percentage of incorrect answers (P=0.028) and response time (P=0.004). The difference in the percentage of correct answers was not significant (P=0.080). There was a significant relationship between age and Stroop test score (P<0.001), but there was no significant relationship between BMI and Stroop test. Conclusion There are impaired inhibitory control and selective attention in older adults with sleep problems. Therefore, sleep quality may be one of the factors affecting executive functions of older adults. Aged Sleep quality Executive functions Attention Inhibitory control Cognitive flexibility 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4151-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.2822.5

111-4067 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Somayeh Afshar afshar.s@imamreza.ac.ir Negar Asgharipour Zahmati AsgharipourN@mums.ac.ir Fatemeh Alidoosti f.alidoosti@khayyam.ac.ir Objectives Depression is one of the most common mental disorders and is expected to be the most important debilitating disease in the world by 2030. It is very important to pay attention to new treatments in order to reduce the problems of people with depression. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders (UP) are the new treatments proposed for depression. This study aims to compare the effects these therapies on emotional regulation and rumination of people with depression. Methods This is a randomized clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test design. The study population consists of all people with depression (diagnosed based on the structured clinical interview for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) and the Beck depression inventory) who referred to the counseling center of Jihad University in Mashahd, Iran, in the summer 2021. Thirty eligible patients aged 18-50 years were selected by a convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups; 15 in the MBCT group and 15 in the UP group. The tools including the rumination response scale and the emotional regulation questionnaire were completed at baseline and after the study. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22 using descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and analysis of covariance. Results Both experimental groups showed significant improvement in the mean scores of emotional regulation and rumination (P<0.001). After controlling the pre-test scores, there was a significant difference between two groups only in the rumination scores, in favor of MBCT (F=7.87, P=0.009). Conclusion Both UP and MBCT are effective for improving emotional regulation of depressed people, where the MBCT is more effective in reducing the rumination  of depressed people. Depressive disorder Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy Unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment Rumination Emotional regulation 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4067-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.4266.2

111-4238 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Parisa Sharifi parisa2017sh@gmail.com Maede Amin Roaya Maedeaminroaya@gmail.com Mojtaba Dehghan dehghan.mo@iums.ac.ir Objectives In managing multiple sclerosis (MS), attention to patients’ quality of life (QoL), in addition to physical symptoms, is crucial for clinicians. This study aimed to investigate the antecedents of QoL in individuals with MS by examining the moderating role of illness identity in the relationship between pain self-efficacy (PSE) and QoL. Methods This is a correlational study with a cross-sectional design. The study population consists of all people with MS referred to Sina and Asia hospitals in Tehran, Iran, from November 2023 to June 2024, of whom 166 patients participated in the study. Data were collected using the World Health Organization Quality of Life- Brief Version, Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and Illness Identity Questionnaire. Data analysis was done by using Pearson’s correlation test, hierarchical regression analysis, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results The results showed the positive and significant correlation of PSE (r=0.50, P=0.001) and the identity type “enrichment”  (r=0.17, P=0.027)  with QoL, while the identity type “engulfment” had a negative and significant correlation with QoL (r=-0.27, P=0.001). After adjusting for age, three variables of pain self-efficacy (β=0.26, P<0.01), enrichment (β=0.46, P<0.001), and engagement (β=-0.47, P<0.001) also significantly predicted the QoL.Only the “engulfment” identity type moderated the relationship between PSE and QoL (P<0.001). No significant differences were found in QoL based on educational level, marital status, MS type, or disease duration. Conclusion The PSE and the illness identity types of engulfment and enrichment play a significant role in predicting the QoL of patients with MS. The illness identity type “engulfment” can moderate the relationship between PSE and QoL in these patients. These factors should be considered in designing interventions for MS patients to improve their QoL. Illness identity Pain Self-Efficacy Quality of life Multiple sclerosis 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4238-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.4475.1

111-3935 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Mohammad Bagher Hosseini Fayyaz hosseinifayaz@gmail.com Mohammad Kazem Atef Vahid atefvahid.mk@iums.ac.ir Ali-Asghar Asgharnejad Farid asgharnejadfarid.asiums.ac.ir Objectives The current study aims to report the effectiveness of multisystemic therapy-based intervention (MST-BI), an intensive family focused and community-based therapy, in treating conduct disorder (CD) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors in male adolescent with CD.  Methods The case was a 17-year-old boy who met the DSM-IV criteria for CD and NSSI behaviors. A 4-week baseline and repeated measure design (a 5-month intervention and 3-month follow-up) were used. The rule-breaking and aggression constructs of Achenbach systems empirically based assessment (ASEBA) as well as the inventory of statements about self-injury (ISAS) were used for assessment at baseline, during treatment and at the follow-up phase.  Results MST-BI reduced rule-breaking and aggressive behaviors. Also, it reduced NSSI behaviors. These outcomes were maintained for 3 months. Conclusion MST-BI has the potential to treat CD symptoms and NSSI behaviors in male adolescents with CD. Multisystemic therapy Non-suicidal self-injury Conduct problems 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3935-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.4600.1

111-4085 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Hossein Pourshahriar h_pourshahriar@sbu.ac.ir Marziyeh Dindoost m_dindoost@um.ac.ir Samin Baharshanjani s.bahar@modares.ac.ir Objectives The present study was aims to investigating the derivers, behaviors, and consequences of the fear of missing out (FOMO) in Iranian youth. Methods This is qualitative study using the grounded theory. Participants were 21 young adults with FOMO aged 18-25 in Mashhad, Iran. Sampling was done using a purposeful sampling method until reaching data saturation. Przybylski’s FOMO scale was used to diagnose FOMO in samples. Unstructured in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data. In addition, semi-structured interviews with experts were conducted for data richness.  Results We extracted one central theme “trying to achieve self-adequacy” and eight main themes including inadequacy of the family, personal factors, biosocial challenges, perpetuating factors, resulting failures, short-term successes, drowning in FOMO, and rescue from FOMO. Conclusion The FOMO in Iranian youth originates from their lack of self-adequacy. It is necessary to pay attention to and strengthen the sense of self-adequacy in young adults to prevent the development of FOMO. Fear Fear of missing out Youth Grounded theory 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4085-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.4644.2

111-4060 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 hossein rostami rostami.psychologist!gmail.com ebrahim Nuri Elmira Sharghi Objectives Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic musculoskeletal pain syndrome characterized by extensive pain, tender points, fatigue, and sleep disturbance, with unknown etiology. This study aims to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) therapy on pain perception, chronic fatigue and cognitive empowerment of women with FMS.  Methods This is randomized clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test design. The study population consists of all women suffering from FMS who visited the rheumatology specialists in Tabriz, Iran, in 2023. Of these, 36 eligible patients were selected using a convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups of 18 including intervention (received CBSM therapy at 10 sessions of 90 minutes) and control (no intervention). Data collection tools included McGill pain questionnaire, the Chalder fatigue scale, and Thomas and Velthouse’s psychological empowerment scale. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to compare the groups. Results The results of MANCOVA showed a significant difference in the components of pain perception (Sensory, affective, evaluative, and miscellaneous), chronic fatigue (psychological and physical), and cognitive empowerment (competence, self-determination, impact, meaning) between the two groups in the posttest phase (P<0.05).  Conclusion The CBSM therapy can improve pain perception, reduce chronic fatigue, and increase psychological empowerment of women with FMS. Cognitive-behavioral stress management pain Chronic fatigue Cognitive empowerment Fibromyalgia 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4060-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.4819.1

111-4095 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Mohammad Saeed Khanjani saeedkh76@yaahoo.com mina ramin raminmina75@gmail.com parvin jafari japa_1352@yahoo.com mohsen vahedi Objectives The care of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pose a significant challenge for parents, especially mothers as their primary caregivers. Mothers of ASD children often feel shame and low psychological distress. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of group compassion-focused therapy on shame and distress tolerance of mothers of children with ASD.  Methods This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test/post-test/follow-up design. The study population of consists of all mothers of children with ASD in Tehran, Iran, covered by the Iran Autism Association. The samples were selected using convenience and snowball sampling methods. Thirty mothers were randomly assigned to two groups of 15, including intervention and control. The internalized shame scale by Cook (1993), the Others as Shamer Scale by Goss (1994), and the Distress Tolerance Scale by Simons and Gaher (2005) were completed by both groups at pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up phases. The intervention group received eight one-hour sessions of group compassion-focused therapy. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS version 28. Results The group compassion-focused therapy had a significant effect on reducing internalized shame, external shame, and increasing distress tolerance (P<0.01). The intervention had the greatest effect on distress tolerance with an effect size of 0.571, followed by internalized shame and external shame with effect sizes of 0.419 and 0.417, respectively. Conclusion The group compassion-focused therapy can reduce shame and improve distress tolerance of mothers of children with ASD. Compassion-focused therapy Shame Distress tolerance Autism spectrum disorder 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4095-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.4820.1

111-4062 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 fatemeh Akbarizadeh fakbari1@yahoo.com Ali Soleimani ali.soleymani@usc.ac.ir mohsen kachooei kachooei.m@usc.ac.ir Hojjatollah Farahani h.farahani@modares.ac.ir Objectives Psychological problems in children are a significant public health concern. These problems can affect the well-being of children, their families, and peers and negatively impact the quality of their lives in adulthood. The present research aims to assess the relationship between mothers’ adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the internalizing and externalizing problems of children mediated by mothers’ emotional dysregulation and mental capacity. Methods This is a correlational study using structural equation modeling. The study population consists of all married women with children aged 6-12 in Bushehr Province, Iran, who had registered information in the electronic comprehensive health services system in 2022. Utilizing a random cluster sampling method, 700 women were selected, of whom 632 completed the online questionnaires, including the child behavior checklist, the ACE questionnaire, the difficulties in emotion regulation scale, and the parental reflective functioning questionnaire. All analyses were performed in SPSS Software, version 26 and AMOS version 24 software. Results The ACE of mothers had a direct and significant relationship with their emotion regulation difficulties (β=0.363, P<0.001) and internalizing (β=0.182, P<0.001) and externalizing problems (β=0.201, P<0.001) of children. Additionally, the ACE in mothers had an indirect and significant relationship with their mental capacity (β=-0.125, P=0.006). The ACE of mothers also had an indirect and significant relationship with internalizing (β=0.126, P<0.001) and externalizing (β=0.134, P<0.001) problems of children through emotion dysregulation. The ACE of mothers also had an indirect and significant relationship with externalizing problems of children (β=0.011, P=0.039) through mental capacity. Conclusion Mothers’ ACEs have a direct impact on their children’s internalizing and externalizing problems. This relationship can also be mediated by their emotional dysregulation and mental capacity. Adverse Childhood Experience Emotional Dysregulation Mentalization Externalizing problems Internalizing problems 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4062-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.4825.1

111-4070 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Elahe Moshtaghi elahe.moshtaghi@iau.ac.ir Mohammad Hossein Bayazi bayazi@iautj.ac.ir Behzad Rigi Koote brkpsycho1988@gmail.com Objectives The present study aims to compare the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) plus transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or pharmacotherapy on depression symptoms, inhibition and cognitive flexibility of stroke patients Methods This is a randomized controlled clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test/follow-up design. The study population consists of all stroke sufferers referred to Dr. Hashemzehi's clinic in Zahedan, south of Iran, in 2022. The samples were 45 eligible patients who were selected by a convenience sampling method and randomly divided into three groups of 15 including CBT+tDCS, CBT+pharmacotherapy, and control. To measure depression, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility, we used Beck’s depression inventory, go/no go test, and Stroop test in the pre-test, post-test, and 2-month follow-up phases. The CBT was provided at 12 sessions according to Kootker et al.'s CBT protocol for stroke patients. The tDCS program was 20 sessions of anodal stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The pharmacotherapy was the administration of 10 mg citalopram daily for three weeks.  Results The results indicated the short-term and long-term effectiveness of both CBT+tDCS and CBT + pharmacotherapy in reducing depression symptoms (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between their effectiveness of . Only the CBT+tDCS had a short-term effect on improving inhibition and cognitive flexibility.  Conclusion Both CBT+tDCS and CBT+pharmacotherapy (10 mg citalopram) can be useful for reducing depression symptoms in stroke sufferers. Cognitive-behavioral therapy Pharmacotherapy Citalopram depression Inhibition cognitive flexibility Stroke 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4070-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.4835.1

111-4091 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Sara Rabiee heysieattalab@gmail.com Soomaayeh Heysieattalab heysieattalab@gmail.com Zahra Vahabi Saied Sabaghypour Objectives Considering the increasing need for finding diagnostic criteria to help reliably predict Alzheimer's disease (AD) and given that neuropathological changes occur in brain areas, especially temporal areas, before the onset of AD clinical symptoms, and there is a functional relationship between these regions and the cognitive functions including spatial working memory (SWM), pattern recognition memory (PRM), and paired associates learning (PAL), this study aims to investigate these three functions in the children of parents with AD and healthy parents. Methods This is a comparative study. The statistical population consists of the children of parents aged 30-55 years referred to a neurology clinic in Tehran, Iran, in 2022. Of these, 55 children were selected using a convenience sampling method; 31 were the children of AD parents and 24 were the children of healthy parents. They were evaluated using three tests from the Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery (CANTAB), including SWM, PRM, and PAL. The data were analyzed in SPSS software using independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results Regarding the SWM performance, there were significant differences in the items of between errors (control group: 14.21±12.21; AD group: 34.58±22.69) and total errors (control group: 12.96±9.3; AD group: 37.03±22.22) between the two groups (P<0.01). Regarding the PRM performance, there were significant differences between the two groups in two items of mean latency (control group: 1917.17±364.03; AD group: 2186.94±445.15, P=0.020) and percent correct (control group: 96.33±4.44; AD group: 84.39±8.93; P=0.001). There were no significant differences in the mean correct and incorrect latencies in the PRM test (P>0.05). Regarding the PAL performance, there were significant differences in all three items of first trial memory score (control group: 23.08±1.59; AD group: 17.65±4.32), mean errors to success (control group: 0.54±0.36; AD group: 2.31±1.83), and total errors (control group: 4.54±2.87; AD group: 17.10±1.83) between the two groups (P<0.01). Conclusion The PAL, PRM, and SWM of the children of AD and non-AD parents are different which may be considered as the indicators of AD. Cognitive function Working memory Alzheimer’s disease extended abstract Children of AD SWM PAL PRM 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4091-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.4871.1

111-4096 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Sina Forouzmand Forouzmand_dvm@hotmail.com Simin Bashardoust sibashardoust@yahoo.com Mina Mojtabaei Mojtabaie_in@yahoo.com Objectives The present study aims to examine the relationship of irrational relationship beliefs and sexual function with marital satisfaction in Iranian men mediated by basic psychological needs. Methods This is a descriptive-correlational study using structural equation modeling. Participants were 357 men who visited the Aram clinic in Tehran (District 1), Iran, in 2022, who were selected using the purposive sampling method and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. To collect data, the ENRICH Marital Life Satisfaction Scale, Eidelson and Epstein’s Relationship Belief Inventory, Rosen et al.’s Male Sexual Health Questionnaire, and LaGuardia et al.’s Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale were used. were used. For statistical analysis, SEM was used in Amos software, version 24. Results The results of data analysis showed irrational relationship beliefs had a negative relationship with marital satisfaction (r=-0.41; P<0.01), while sexual function (r=0.46; P<0.01) and basic psychological needs (r=0.56; P<0.01) had a positive relationship with marital satisfaction. Also, the indirect relationship between irrational relationship beliefs and marital satisfaction was negative and significant(β=-0.189, P=0.001), and the indirect relationship between sexual function and marital satisfaction was positive and significant (β=0.116, P=0.001). Conclusion Irrational relationship beliefs and sexual function are associated with the marital satisfaction of men through basic psychological needs. Therefore, changing irrational beliefs, improving sexual function, and satisfying basic psychological needs in men can lead to improved marital satisfaction. Basic Psychological Need Irrational beliefs Marital relationship Sexual 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4096-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.1.4877.1

111-4133 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Sajjad Basharpoor basharpoor_sajjad@uma.ac.ir Arefe Mohammadnezhad arefe.mohamadnezhad@yahoo.com Matine Ebadi matinebadi98@gmail.com Objectives Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Early diagnosis and treatment of this disease can significantly reduce its mortality. This research aims to investigated the relationships of breast cancer screening with health anxiety and cancer literacy, mediated by psychological resilience. Methods This is descriptive-correlational study. The study population consists of all women with breast cancer over 40 years old referred to mammography clinics in Rasht, Iran, in 2022. Of these, 300 women were selected by a convenience sampling method. To collect data, the mammography and breast cancer screening questionnaire, the health anxiety inventory, the breast cancer awareness scale, and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale were used. The collected data were analyzed by path analysis using SPSS software, version 23 and Amos version 18. Results The cancer literacy (β=-0.11), illness anxiety (β=0.38) and resilience (β=0.25) had a significant direct relationship with breast cancer screening. The relationship of cancer literacy (β=-0.17) and health anxiety (β=0.25) with psychological resilience was also significant (P<0.001). Furthermore, cancer literacy and health anxiety had an indirect relationship with breast cancer screening though psychological resilience. The model fitness indexes showed that the model had a good fit to the data (RAMSEA=0.056).  Conclusion Health anxiety is related to increased breast cancer screening, while health literacy is related to decreased breast cancer screening. Psychological resilience can mediate the relationship of health anxiety and health literacy with breast cancer screening. Breast cancer Screening Health anxiety Health literacy Psychological resilience 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4133-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.4929.1

111-4130 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Mohammad Ali Ameri apu.ac.ir Hamid Reza Saadat Azhar Saadatazhar@yahoo.com Mohammad MehradSadr M.mehradsadr@gmail.com Hosein Rostami Rostami.psychologist@gmail.com Objectives Various factors can have a role in predicting police forces’ mental and spiritual health. This study aims to assess whether the general health and spiritual well-being of police forces in Iran can be predicted by metacognitive beliefs with the mediation of cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies. Methods This is descriptive/correlational study using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population includes all the employees of the Tehran Police Commands in 2023. Participants were 294 employees of the police headquarters in Tehran, Iran, in 2023, who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Spiritual well-being scale (SWBS), general health questionnaire (GHQ), metacognition questionnaire (MCQ), and cognitive emotion regulation strategies questionnaire (CERQ) were used to collect data. SPSS v.22 and Amos v.24 were used for data analysis. Results Based on the fit indices, the fit of the initial SEM model was not acceptable (RMSEA=0.07, CFI=0.88, GFI=0.87), because the path between metacognitive beliefs and spiritual well-being was not significant (P>0.05). After removing this path, the model’s fit was acceptable (RMSEA=0.06, CFI=0.90, GFI=0.91). The direct and indirect paths between metacognitive beliefs and general health were significant (P<0.01). Also, the indirect path between metacognitive beliefs and spiritual well-being through CER strategies was significant (P<0.01). Conclusion The metacognitive beliefs in Iranian police forces can significantly predict their general health and spiritual well-being directly or indirectly through CER strategies. Structural model Metacognitive beliefs Cognitive Emotion Regulation General health Spiritual well-being 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4130-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.1.4934.1

111-4167 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Mehdi Ebrahimpour Azizi ebrahimpour.m@student.uma.ac.ir Nader Hajloo hajloo53@uma.ac.ir Mohammad Baghbanian Mohammadbaghbanian@gmail.com Objectives The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-focused acceptance and commitment therapy (CFACT) on pain self-efficacy and pain catastrophizing in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods This is a randomized controlled clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test design. Participants were 36 patients with MS in Mazandaran province, northern Iran, in 2022-2023 who were selected by voluntary sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups: intervention (n=18) and control (n=18). The disability of patients was measured by Kretzke’s expanded disability status scale. They completed the pain self-efficacy questionnaire (PSEQ), and pain catastrophizing scale (PCS). The intervention group received the CFACT at 10 session using the protocol adapted from the book “ACT Practitioner’s Guide to the Science of Compassion”. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS v.27 using multivariate analysis of covariance  Results The CFACT increased pain self-efficacy (P=0.004) and reduced pain catastrophizing (P=0.025) in the intervention group compared to the control group at the posttest stage.  Conclusion The CFACT is effective in improving pain self-efficacy and reducing pain catastrophizing in patients with MS, by helping patients shift their focus from catastrophizing pain to engaging in meaningful activities.This treatment can be used in clinics and hospitals. Compassion-Focused Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Pain catastrophizing Pain self-Efficacy Multiple Sclerosis 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4167-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.1.4939.1

111-4136 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Mansoor Beyrami bayrami@yahoo.com Touraj Hashemi tourajhashemi@yahoo.com Leila Azhideh leilaazhideh95@gmail.com Objectives The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral couple therapy (CBCT) and integrative couple therapy (ICT) in improving marital satisfaction and intimacy of couples with marital discord. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test/post-test design. The study population included all couples with marital discord referred to the counseling centers in Tabriz, Iran in 2023. Among them, 45 couples were selected using a purposive sampling method and based on the entry and exit criteria. They were randomly divided into CBCT (n=15), ICT (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Data collection tools were Bagarozzi's marital intimacy needs questionnaire (MINQ) and the ENRICH marital satisfaction scale. The CBCT was provided at 10 sessions and ICT was provided at 16 sessions. To test the hypotheses, univariate and multivariate analysis of variance methods were used. Results Both CBCT and ICT significantly improved marital satisfaction and marital intimacy scores. The ICT was more effective in improving intimacy and marital satisfaction components than CBCT, and this difference was significant (P<0.01). Conclusion Although both CBCT and ICT are effective in improving marital satisfaction and intimacy of couples with marital discord, the ICT is more effective, may be because it helps couples to express their emotions and thus change the rules that prevent the establishment of emotional relationships. Cognitive-behavioral couple therapy Integrative couple therapy Marital satisfaction Marital intimacy 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4136-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.4942.1

111-4157 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Soroush Zolghadri soroushzolghadri@ut.ac.ir Majid Hadavi mjdhdv@gmail.com Hadi Bahrami Ehsan hbahrami@ut.ac.ir Objectives Several studies have examined the prevalence of depression in Iran, mainly before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a lack of information regarding the rate of depression in the post-covid era. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression among people aged ≥15 years in Iran and find the associated demographic and socio-economic factors in the post-COVID era. Methods This is a descriptive-analytical population-based study that was conducted from February to April 2023 on 2,892 Iranian people ≥15 years, who were selected using proportional stratified sampling method. The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-2) was administered through telephone interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and multiple logistic regression analysis in SPSS software , version 21 and R software. Results The mean age of respondents was 43.6 years (42.6 for women and 44.7 for men). In total, 42.1% of the respondents had major depressive disorder (39.6% males and 44.6% females with mean scores of 2.25±1.83 and 2.52±1.71, respectively). Based on the results of multiple regression analysis, age 25-40 (OR=1.39, 95% CI: 0.99-1.96), being single (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.15-1.98), being widowed/widower (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.06-2.12), being divorced (OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.07-2.62), and unemployment (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.09-2.05) were associated with a greater likelihood of depression, while having an academic education (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.50-0.84) and being a homeowner (OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.62-0.88) were associated with a lower likelihood. The results showed no significant association between depression prevalence and the factors of place of residence (urban/rural), gender, or income level.  Conclusion There is a relatively high prevalence of depression in the post-COVID era in Iran. Some demographic and socio-economic factors play a significant role in the prevalence of depression, which underscores the importance of considering a wide range of factors influencing depression in mental health policy-making and interventions for Iranian people. Depression Iran General population Covid-19 Socio-demographic factors 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4157-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.1.4949.1

111-4147 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Mehdi Rostami mehdirostami@kmanresce.ca Sefa Bulut sefa_bulut@ibu.edu.tr Nadereh Saadati nsaadati@kmanresce.ca Netty Herawati herawati.netty9@gmail.com Kamdin Parsakia kamdinparsakia@kmanresce.ca Zohreh Zadhasn zohrehzadhasan Seyed Hadi Seyed Ali Tabar hadialitabar Farzaneh Mardani farzanehmardani Parichehr Mehdi Abadi Parichehrma@aol.com Objectives Divorce is an important life event that profoundly affects individuals’ emotional and social lives, particularly their interpersonal intimacy. This study aims to explore the lived experiences of divorced women in Canada regarding their interpersonal intimacy, identifying their challenges and transformations after divorce. Methods This is a qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 divorced women aged 28-54 years in Richmond Hill, Ontario, from April to July 2023, who had divorced at least in the past year. The interviews explored their emotional transitions, social support networks, self-perception, and future outlook on relationships. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis in NVivo software. Results Four main themes were identified: Emotional Transition, Social Support/Isolation, Identity/Self-Perception, and Future Outlook/Relationships. These themes had some subthemes and concepts, revealing the grieving and self-discovery process, the pivotal role of social networks and societal views, role reevaluation and identity, and the cautious optimism towards building new intimate relationships. Conclusion The complex interaction between emotional, social, and personal factors shapes the experiences of interpersonal intimacy after divorce in Canadian women. The findings highlight the importance of supportive networks, societal acceptance, and personal growth in navigating the complexities of interpersonal intimacy after divorce. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities that divorced women in Canada face in their relationships, offering insights for therapeutic and social support interventions. Divorce Interpersonal intimacy Emotional transition Social support Self-Perception 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4147-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.4964.1

111-4185 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Mojtaba Tashkeh mojtabatashkeh@gmail.com Komeil Zahedi Tajrishi zahedi.k@iums.ac.ir Fahimeh Fathali Lavasini Lavasani.f@iums.ac.ir Abbas Ramezani Farani ramezanifarani@gmail.com Hojjatollah Farahani Hojjat.farahani2@gmail.com Objectives Despite the importance of sexual mindfulness for the sexual satisfaction of couples, there is no suitable tool to measure it in the Iranian population. Therefore, it seems necessary to have a valid and reliable measurement scale. This research aims to investigate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the sexual mindfulness measure (SMM) for the Iranian people.  Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022-2023 on 366 Iranian married people. The Persian versions of the SMM, the five-facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ), and the marital sexual function scale (MSFS) were used to collect data. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to assess internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine the factor structure. Convergent validity was evaluated using the MSFS and FFMQ. Regression analysis was employed to test the predictive validity. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 25 and AMOS software.  Results The CFA results confirmed the two-factor structure of the Persian SMM (awareness and non-judgment). The findings for the convergent validity showed that the SMM score had a positive and significant correlation with the MSFS and FFMQ scores. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.83 for the awareness subscale and 0.71 for the non-judgment subscale.  Conclusion The Persian SMM has suitable psychometric properties and can be used in research and clinical fields related to sexual functioning and mindfulness in Iran. Also, therapists should pay attention to sexual mindfulness as an important factor to improve the sexual function of married clients. Sexual Mindfulness Psychometrics Confirmatory Factor Analysis 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4185-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.1.4971.1

111-4159 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Mohammad Mahdi Akbarzadeh mahdiakbarzadeh2108@gmail.com Saeed Imani s_imani@sbu.ac.ir Shahriar Shahidi shahriarshahidi@hotmail.com Objectives The present study aimed to determine the mediating role of smartphone addiction in the relationship between insecure attachment styles and phubbing among Iranian college students.  Methods This is descriptive-correlational study using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Participants were 615 college students (334 females, 281 males) with a mean age of 26.89±6.4 years, who were selected using a convenience sampling method from universities in Tehran, Iran. They completed online forms of Hazan & Shaver's attachment styles questionnaire, Sevari’s mobile phone addiction scale, and Chotpitayasunondh et al.’s generic scale of being phubbed. Results The findings indicated a significant direct relationship between insecure attachment styles (avoidant and anxious) and smartphone addiction (P=0.001, β=0.5), and between insecure attachment styles and phubbing (P=0.012, β=0.16). Moreover, smartphone addiction mediated the relationship between insecure attachment styles and phubbing (P=0.005, β=0.366).  Conclusion The college students with insecure attachment styles (avoidant and anxious) are more prone to smartphone addiction, which can lead to phubbing behaviors. Therefore, interventions should be used for fostering secure attachment styles and promoting healthy mobile use habits to reduce phubbing behaviors and thus enhance interpersonal relationships. Attachment Styles Phubbing Smartphone Addiction Students 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4159-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.4977.1

111-4160 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Maryam Kami maryamkamie@gmail.com Abbas Pourshahbaz apourshahbaz@yahoo.com Omid Rezaei om.rezaei@uswr.ac.ir Amir-Abbas Keshavarz-Akhlaghi Keshavarz.a@iums.ac.ir Seyed Shahab Banihashem shb_banihashem@yahoo.com Zahra Dehghanizadeh zdehghanizadeh@yahoo.com Marzie Olamaie Koopaie molamaie@yahoo.com Masoud Nosratabadi masoudnosratabadi@gmail.com Objectives This study aims to examine the clinical symptoms and personality traits of inpatients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) in Iran. Additionally, it seeks to investigate differences in the prevalence of BPD symptoms, comorbid personality disorders, and personality traits between male and female inpatients. Methods This is a cross-sectional study on 87 patients diagnosed with BPD hospitalized in three psychiatric hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The frequency of clinical symptoms and comorbidity with other personality disorders were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Screening Personality Questionnaire and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Personality Disorders. In addition, personality traits were evaluated using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The most common clinical symptoms were emotional swings (95.4%), shifting self-image (95.4%), and explosive anger (93.1%), while paranoia/transient dissociation (59.8%) had the lowest prevalence rate. Also, narcissistic (51%), paranoid (51%), and antisocial (33%) personality disorders were the most common comorbid personality disorders. There was no significant difference in BPD symptoms and comorbid personality disorders between males and females. The attention-seeking trait was significantly higher in females (F(1,85)=4.44, P=0.038), while grandiosity was significantly higher in males (F(1,85) =5.39, P=0.023). Conclusion Emotional dysregulation is the main characteristic of hospitalized patients with BPD in Iran. The male and female BPD inpatients have similar comorbid personality disorders and clinical symptoms. Borderline personality disorder Personality traits Inpatients Comorbidity Iran 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4160-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.4982.1

111-4165 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Mina Fathi fathimina66@yahoo.com Nasim Bahrami nbahrami87@gmail.com Mohammad Ebrahim Sarichloo mesarichloo@yahoo.com Leila Modarresnia l.modaressnia@gmail.com Zainab Alimoradi zainabalimoradi@yahoo.com Objectives This study aims to investigate the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) provided on social media on sexual function, sexual distress, and mindfulness of women with diabetes. Methods This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted from October 2022 to October 2023. Participants were 36 married women of reproductive age diagnosed with diabetes and suffering from sexual dysfunction. They were randomly allocated to intervention (n=36) and control (n=36) groups using the block randomization method. The MBCT was provided individually using social media (Ita, Rubika, WhatsApp) in eight 60-min sessions, once a week. The female sexual function index, female sexual distress scale- revised, and the mindful attention and awareness scale were completed before, immediately after, one month after, and three months after the intervention. The data was analyzed using repeated measures analyses of variance and covariance in SPSS v.24 software. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The scores of sexual function and mindfulness were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group in the post-intervention phases. Sexual distress score group was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group in the post-intervention phases.  Conclusion MBCT provided on social media can increase mindfulness and sexual function and reduce the sexual distress of women with diabetes. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy Sexual function Sexual distress Diabetes 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4165-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.4989.1

111-4187 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Parastoo Kafaeizad Tehrani parastookafaei@gmail.com Nazanin Abed abed@usc.ac.ir Zahra Shahrivar fzshahrivar@yahoo.com Leili Panaghi l_panaghi@sbu.ac.ir Objectives Trauma is an emotional response to a traumatic event such as an accident, rape, or natural disaster. Childhood trauma is a key risk factor in psychopathology. Considering the potential adverse effects of childhood trauma, developmentally appropriate assessments are needed for these children to design therapeutic interventions. Play-based assessment can be useful. This study aims to investigate the most common play themes in children with traumatic experiences by the meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. Methods This is a meta-synthesis study using the meta-ethnography approach. A systematic search in two databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, was conducted on qualitative studies published in English from 2001 to May 2024. Initially, 1,846 records were found, of which five articles and one thesis met the inclusion criteria. The findings were analyzed according to the seven steps of meta-ethnography.  Results The data analysis led to the identification of two main themes: vulnerability to trauma (re-enactment of trauma, depicting death, and expressing feelings of fear and insecurity) and mastery over trauma (neutralizing threats, creating superheroes, and returning to the routine). Conclusion Children with traumatic experiences show their vulnerability to trauma by recreating the trauma and death during play and showing feelings of fear and insecurity. At the same time, the safe space of the playing environment helps children overcome their trauma symbolically by removing the threats, bringing in superheroes, and returning to the routine. Psychological Trauma Adverse Childhood Experiences Play Therapy Meta-synthesis 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4187-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.5006.1

111-4195 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Elham Taheri elhamtaheri85@gmail.com Elham Didehban elhamdidehban1996@gmail.com Arezoo Ranjbarmoqadam arezooranjbarmoqadam@gmail.com Ali Kanaghestani akanagh5@gmail.com Objectives Online infidelity is a new phenomenon that has increased due to advancements in technology. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of social-emotional loneliness in the relationship of the quality of marital relationships and dark personality traits with online infidelity in Iranian married couples. Methods This descriptive survey study was conducted on 434 married couples in Mashhad, Iran, who were active in social media applications, including Telegram, WhatsApp, and national applications (Bale, Eita, etc). A demographic form (age, gender, educational level, number of children, age difference between couples, and marriage duration), Jenison and Wister’s dark triad scale, Chondoy et al.’s relationship quality scale, the internet infidelity scale, and DiTommaso et al.’s Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults were used to collect data. Structural equation modeling and path analysis were used to check the relationship between the study variables using Smart PLS software. Results Most of the participants were female (89.4%), and their mean age was 32.41±5.74 years. The total effect and direct path between dark personality traits and online infidelity were significant (P<0.05). The marital relationship quality had an indirect relationship with online infidelity through socio-emotional loneliness (P=0.023). No mediating role was observed for social-emotional loneliness in the relationship of dark personality traits and the quality of marital with online infidelity (P>0.05). Conclusion The results reveal the importance of social-emotional loneliness in the relationship between the quality of marital relationships and online infidelity in Iranian married couples. Its effect on the relationship of dark personality traits and the quality of marital relationships with online infidelity is not significant. Social-emotional loneliness Dark personality Infidelity Marital relationships 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4195-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.5019.1

111-4206 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Seyed Mohsen Kheirkhah Alavi muhsenkheirkhah@gmail.com Bahman Bahmani b.bahmani43@yahoo.com Kianoush Abdi k55abdi@yahoo.com Objectives Despite the emphasis on early marriage in different cultures, the age at marriage has increased in most countries. Many studies have investigated various factors that prevent marriage; however, psychological factors have been neglected. This study aims to identify the psychological factors that postpone Iranian women’s decision to marry. Methods This is a qualitative study using the conventional content analysis method. The participants were 14 single women aged 25-41 years in Tehran, Iran in 2023 who were selected using a purposive method until reaching data saturation in semi-structured interviews. Finally, the data was analyzed in MAXQDA 2020 software. Results The analysis of the interviews led to the extraction of 35 first-order sub-themes, 13 second-order sub-themes, and three main themes: (1) idealistic cognitive beliefs (ideal personality characteristics, ideal relational characteristics, ideal socio-economic characteristics, and ideal family characteristics), (2) negative cognitive attitudes (negative attitudes towards the marriage outcome, negative attitudes towards the marriage, negative attitudes towards childbearing, and prioritizing work over marriage), and (3) individualistic personality traits (perfectionism, intimacy avoidance, emotional orientation, self-centeredness, and negative self-identity perception). Conclusion Based on the findings, in addition to considering external factors and requirements, Iranian women need to have a positive attitude towards marriage, real expectations and beliefs, and lower individualistic personality traits to have the intention to marry and maintain a desirable marital relationship. Marriage postponement Psychological factors Women 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4206-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.5031.1

111-4228 2026-09-13 10.1002

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology IJPCP 1735-4315 2228-7515 10.32598/ijpcp 2024 30 1 Hamid Taghinejad Taghinejad-h@medilam.ac.ir Masoumeh Otaghi otaghi-m@medilam.ac.ir Afsaneh Raiesifar A.raiesifar@gmail.com Kourosh Sayeh Miri kourosh86@gmail.com MohammadHossein Sahami Gilan sahami3621@gmail.com Objectives Older people face reduced sleep quality and subsequent mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression, which have negative effects on their quality of life and well-being. One of the effective interventions for reducing these problems is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a CBT-based educational program on sleep quality and general health of older men living in nursing homes. Methods In this randomized, controlled clinical trial, 68 older men living in a nursing home in Kermanshah, Iran, participated, who were randomly divided into two groups of 34 including intervention and control. The intervention group received the CBT-based educational program for 8 weeks at eight sessions of 45 minutes. During this period, the control group received no special treatment except for routine daily care and verbal communication. The participants were assessed before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Goldberg’s general health questionnaire (GHQ-28). Finally, the data were analyzed using descriptive (mean, frequency, percentage, and standard deviation) and inferential tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, paired t-test, independent t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA) in SPSS software, version 16. Results The within-group comparison showed that the mean scores of PSQI and GHQ-28 immediately and one month after the intervention significantly decreased (improved) in the intervention group compared to the pretest phase (P<0.001), while no significant change was observed in the control group (P<0.05). Also, the between-group comparison showed a significant difference between the two groups in the PSQI and GHQ-28 scores, which were improved significantly in the intervention group after the intervention compared to the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion The CBT-based educational program can improve the sleep quality and general health of older men living in nursing homes. Elderly Sleep quality General health Cognitive behavioral therapy 2024 7 01 0 0 http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4228-en.pdf 10.32598/ijpcp.30.5070.1