18 1735-4315 Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 220 Psychiatry and Psychology Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders in Tehran City Kaviani H. Ahmadi Abhari A. 1 2 2003 8 3 4 11 31 10 2007 AbstractObjectives: This research investigated the prevalence of anxiety disorder among Tehranian population ages 20-64 years in summer and winter 1999-2000. Method: 1070 Tehranian were selected by random cluster sampling method and then they participated in screening anxiety test(Beck Anxiety Inventory).Those, whose scores were higher than the cut of point in anxiety inventory, were psychiatrically interviewed. In case of presence of disorder, its type was determined. The interviewers were blind to the result of patient’s anxiety test. Findings: The results showed anxiety disorders in about 15% of subjects and also revealed anxiety level among women subjects is two to three times as much as men. Results: The current research presents similarities and differences in comparison with previous studies.
221 Psychiatry and Psychology The Effects of Fluoxetine and Clomipramine on Blood Sugar, Cholesterol, and Weight of Obsessive-Compulsive Children and Adolescents Mohammadi M. R. Momeni F. Torkzaban R. Ghaely P. 1 2 2003 8 3 12 19 31 10 2007 222 Psychiatry and Psychology Prevalence of Depression in Hemodialysis Patients of Shahid Hashemi Nejad Hospital Salehi M. Noormohammadi –Sarab A. 1 2 2003 8 3 20 25 31 10 2007 Abstract Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of depression in patients undergoing hemodialysis and also to prevent and treat depression by clarifying the risk factors for these patients. Method: 60 patients (21 men, 39 women) who had undergone hemodialysis were selected as the subjects of the study by convenient sampling. A demo-graphic questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory were used to collect data the results were then analyzed by c2 statistical test . Findings: In this study, 50% of the subjects were afflicted with depression of which, 33.3% suffered from mild depression, 15% from mo-derate depression, and 1.7% suffered from severe depression. There was no significant differ-rence between the two groups of depressed and non depressed patients across gender, age, marital status, and duration of dialysis factors. There was however a negative correlation noted between the level of education and depression. Results: Considering the high pre-valence of depression, attending to the mental health of dialysis patients is indispensable in the area of depression. Specific plans need to be executed to prevent and treat their dep-ression.   223 Psychiatry and Psychology Baclofen and Clonidine in Opioid Detoxification Ahmadi Abhari S.A. Sha’bani A. Akhundzadeh Sh. As’adi M. 1 2 2003 8 3 26 35 31 10 2007 Abstract Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of baclofen and clonidine treatments in opioid detoxification. Method: 66 subjects from an outpatient setting diagnosed with opium dependency (based on DSM-IV) took part in a double blind study. Randomly 32 and 34 subjects were assigned to take respectively baclofen and clonidine for 14 days. Findings: Both drugs showed similar efficacy in regards to physical and mental symptoms of withdrawal syndrome. No significant difference was noted between the two groups on depression and anxiety scales. The side effect profiles of the two groups were more or less the same except for “vomiting” and “euphoria” which were more significantly evident in the baclofen group. Results: Baclofen can be invariably considered as an equivalent of clonidine, in opium detoxification.  224 Psychiatry and Psychology Effectiveness of Lazarus Multimodal Therapy, Elice Rational Emotional Therapy and Relaxation on Decreasing Students Test Anxiety Biabangard E. 1 2 2003 8 3 36 42 31 10 2007 225 Psychiatry and Psychology Semantic Network Disorder in Schizophrenia: Semantic Priming with Simultaneous Presentation of two Primes Naghavi H. R. Sharifi V. Kormi-Nouri R. 1 2 2003 8 3 43 56 31 10 2007 Abstract Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the automatic activation of seman-tic priming in schizophrenic patients. Method: 36 schizophrenic patients and 36 normal sub-jects participated in two experiments. In experiment one, the effect of semantic relation on iden- tification of degraded targets was examined between a series of single prime words and single target words presented in a typical semantic priming paradigm. To restrict the priming to au-tomatic processes, in experiment two, series of two primes were presented simultaneously instead of one. Both primes were related to the target, and the effect of semantic relation between two primes on identification of degraded targets was examined. Finding: In experi-ment one, both groups demonstrated semantic priming effect for related words there was no significant difference between the two groups. In experiment two, semantic relation between two primes resulted in a significant priming effect in normal subjects, but not in schizophrenic patients. Results: This study showed that schizophrenic subjects have difficulties in automa-tically activating related words in their semantic networks. Restricting semantic priming to automatic processes can suggest a way to resolve the inconsistencies in studies with schizo-phrenic subjects.  226 Psychiatry and Psychology The Prevalence of Personality Disorders in Male Prisoners of Shahr-e-Kord Prison Palahang H. Vakilzadeh B. Deris F. 1 2 2003 8 3 57 64 31 10 2007 AbstractObjectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of personality disorders in male prisoners in Shahr-e-Kord prison. Method: 203 men, 16 years or older were selected through a systemic random procedure as the subjects of the study. They were then assessed by a clinical interview checklist based on ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. Where there was a discrepancy on diagnosis, MMPI-2 was used as an aid. Findings: The prevalence of personality disorder was 55.2% amongst the subjects. The most prevalent disorders were antisocial personality disorders (18.2%), schizoid personality disorder (8.4%), and dependent personality disorder (8.4%). They were followed by borderline (7.4%), mixed (3.4%), his-trionic (3%), obsessive (3%) and paranoid personality disorder (2.5%). The results also indi-cated that the prevalence of personality disorder based on the sort of crime was the highest amongst the robbers, (64.1%) followed by inmates incarcerated for drug addiction, murder, drug dealing, and fraud respectively at 60.9%, 55.6%, 55%, and 40.9%. There were also a sig-nificant correlation between the subjects’ marital status, educational level, and age with per-sonality disorders. Results: The high prevalence of personality disorders among prisoners suggests a broader investigation and prevention measures by judicial system, prison autho-rities, and medical personnel.  227 Psychiatry and Psychology Surveying Schematic Mental Model, Perfectionism and Need for Approval, in Depression Samkhaniani N. Yazdandoost R. Asgharnejad Farid A. A. 1 2 2003 8 3 65 74 31 10 2007 AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this research is to investigate two different perspectives on depressive thinking. One viewpoint considers depression as a reflection of increasing general accessibility of negative constructs and depressive memories the other defines depressive thoughts as a reflection of changes at a more general level of cognitive representation. Method: 54 subjects selected by convenient sampling method took part in the study. They were assigned to the following three groups: 18 patients suffering from major depression, 18 patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder, and finally 18 normal subjects compo-sing the control group (10 female and 8 male in each group). To investigate contrasting predi-cations from the two perspectives, depressed patients, obsessive patients, and normal control groups responded to Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), perfectionism, DAS-need for approval, and Sentence Completion Task. Findings: The result of one-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference between depressed, obsessive, and normal groups on Sentence Completion Task and DAS-need for approval test.Furthermore, the follow up Tukey test indicated a significant difference between depressed and the normal groups there was not a significant difference between depressed and obsessive groups. Results: The results supported schematic mental prediction. Since schematic model was established for perfec-tionism and need for approval in obsessive patients, its exclusive explanation for depressed patients may not be confirmed.  228 Psychiatry and Psychology The Effect of Music Therapy and Relaxation on Hospitalized CCU Patients’ Anxiety Vahabi Y. S. 1 2 2003 8 3 75 82 31 10 2007 Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of music therapy and relaxation on hospitalized CCU patients’ anxiety. Method: The subjects of the study were 90 patients hospitalized in one of the teaching hospitals in Tehran. The subjects were assigned randomly to three groups: music therapy, relaxation, and control. Data were collected via demographic information and Spielberger Questionnaires. For the music therapy group, a non-lyric tape was used for the relaxation group a cassette player with headphone was used to play relaxation music for 30 minutes. Both before and after audio tape trial, Spielberger Questionnaire was completed by music therapy, relaxation, and control groups. The differ-rence in anxiety scores assessed before and after the intervention determined the efficacy of music and relaxation tapes. Findings: The findings showed that both music therapy and relaxation method significantly reduced anxiety among the subjects. The level of control group’s anxiety was not reduced in post-test assessment: Results: Hearing music and re-laxation tapes reduce patient’s anxiety.  229 Psychiatry and Psychology Zinc Hair Concentration in Children Suffering from Down Syndrome, Cerebral Palsy, Macrocephaly and Hydrocephaly Nourmohammadi I. Raiei F. 1 2 2003 8 3 83 88 31 10 2007 AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this survey was to compare the amount of zinc concentration between normal children and the children suffering from Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, micro-macrocephaly, and hydrocephaly in Iran. The correlation between zinc concentration and the spoken syndromes was further assessed. Method: In the present study, the hair sam-ples were used to estimate zinc concentration. Whereas many pathological conditions are as-sociated with alteration of scarce elements in hair, samples of both normal children and pa-tients were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometery. Findings: The patients had significantly higher level of zinc concentration in hair samples than normal children. Results: Considering the dietary of the children in the study, this increased level of zinc could not be attributed to qualitative dietary intake. Therefore, such a high accumulation of zinc uptake could be due to the very syndromes from which the children are suffering this could lead to receiving or using cellular substances such as albumin, transferrin, or other related proteins.