Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 1735-4315 11 3 2005 11 1 The Association of Oral Contraceptive Pills and Symptoms of Anxiety-Depression 263 269 FA L. Koohi Habibi M. Rasoulian   Abstract   Introduction: In this study the relationship between oral contraceptive pills (OCP) and symp-toms of anxiety-depression has been investigated.   Method: In a cross-sectional descriptive study, 200 females who referred to a West Tehran health center were evaluated. One hundred OCP takers were compared to one hundred OCP nontakers. Data were collected using Hamilton ’s Anxiety Questionnaire and Hamilton ’s Depression Scale. Data analysis was done using Mann-Whitney and c 2 tests.  Results: Of 31 symptoms explored (i.e., 17 depressive symptoms, 14 anxiety symptoms), symp- toms of depressed mood (63%), impaired concentration (30%), and genital symptoms (44%) were significantly higher in OCP takers than in controls. The remaining 28 symptoms, did not differ significantly between cases and controls. The mean depression score was not different between the groups. The mean anxiety score was higher in the OCP group. Depression and anxie- ty scores were not associated with the duration of OCP use.  Conclusion: Although some anxiety and depressive symptoms were higher in OCPs takers, most women are not at risk of serious psychiatric side effects of OCPs.

Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 1735-4315 11 3 2005 11 1 Screening For Mental Disorders Among Afghan Immigrants Residing in Tehran 270 277 FA M. Mohammadian M. Dadfar J. Bolhari E. Karimi Keisami  AbstractIntroduction: The goal of the study was to screen mental disorders in Afghan immigrants who lived in Tehran in the year 2003.Method: In this research 453 Afghan immigrants (227 male and 226 female) were selected by cluster sampling from different areas of Tehran. Instruments were a demographic questionnaire on substance abuse and suicidal thoughts and attempted suicide, and the General Health Question- naire (GHQ-28) completed by Afghan interviewers. Data were analyzed using t-test, and ANOVA.Results: Findings showed that the prevalence of mental disorders was 55.6% (19.9% in males 35.7% in females). Prevalence of social dysfunction, anxiety, and somatic symptoms were higher than the depression. Ten percent of Afghan immigrants smoked cigarettes and 4% of them were substance abuser. Four percent had suicidal thoughts and 2% had attempted suicide. There was a significant association between mental disorders and demographic characteristics except for family size. Also there was a  significant association between mental disorders and type of re-sidence (i.e. centered vs. noncentered), but no meaningful relationship with the duration of stay  in Iran, reason for migration and place of residence. Conclusion: Mental disorders are of high prevalence in Afghan immigrants in Tehran.

Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 1735-4315 11 3 2005 11 1 The Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Fluoxetine and their Combination in Women with Sexual Phobia 278 282 FA M. Seraji M. Dadfar  AbstractIntroduction: Sexual phobia can result in a lot of problems in women and their husbands. In the current  study the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), drug therapy and their combination was assessed.Method: In this experiment 13 female patients with sexual phobia were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups: 1-CBT (n=5), 2- Fluoxetine (n=3), 3- A Combination of CBT and fluoxetine (n=5). All subjects were pre- and post-tested by Measurement of Sexual Function, Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire and Sexual Anxiety Scale .Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA.Results: Findings showed that CBT alone or in combination with fluoxetine was effective in re- ducing maladaptive cognitions, irrational beliefs and sexual anxiety, but treatment with fluox-etine alone was not effective.Conclusion: Combination therapy was more effective than fluoxetine alone but it was not sig- nificantly different from CBT alone. Therefore, it seems that the improvement of patients’ sypm- toms were related to CBT alone.

Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 1735-4315 11 3 2005 11 1 The Role of Religious Commitment, Non-adaptive Religious Beliefs, Guilt Feeling and Non-adaptive Cognitive Beliefs in the Severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms 283 289 FA Naziry Dadfar Karimi Keisami

Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 1735-4315 11 3 2005 11 1 Validation of Adolescents Coping Scale 290 297 FA A. Ghazanfari  AbstractIntroduction: Assessing reliability and validity of Adolescents Coping Scale (ACS) was in-vestigated. Method: 1832 male and female high school students were selected randomly and assessed by the 80-items Adolescents Coping Scale and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ- 28). Factor analysis was used for internal consistency (α) and data concurrent validity, and reliability and validity of the scale was determined.Results: There were 18 main strategies extracted from the ACS. The 18 strategies were cate-gorized as 3 main styles. The overall reliability of ACS was 0.87 and the reliability of produc-tive coping, referring to others, and non productive styles were respectively 0.82, 0.82 and 0.81. Validation results showed that productive coping and referring to others had a significant posi- tive association with mental health, while the non-productive coping style had a significant negative association with mental health.Conclusion: The Adolescents Coping Scale (ACS) is valid and reliable for assessing coping strategies and coping style.

Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 1735-4315 11 3 2005 11 1 The Cognitive State of Hospitalized Men with Schizophrenia and Bipolar I Disorder 298 303 FA

Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 1735-4315 11 3 2005 11 1 Standardization and Validation of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire in the Iranian Population 304 311 FA H. Kaviani M. Pournasseh A. S. Mousavi  AbstractIntroduction: Since interpersonal differences can be assessed using the self-reported personality characteristics, this study aimed to validate and standardize of the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R) in different age groups of an Iranian sample.Method: A sample of 1212 men and women completed EPQ-R in Tehran. Statistical analysis was done to assess internal consistency and material analysis. One to two months later, 101 of the whole sample were randomly selected and retested using the same questionnaire. Moreover, to assess validity, 100 of the respondents were randomly selected and interviewed by two in-dependent psychologists.Results: The test-retest reliability coefficients showed that there is internal consistency for 6 subscales of EPQ-R. Correlations between ratings and scores showed high validity in all subscales. Inter-correlations showed that E is distinct from P there is a weak negative correlation between E and N and a weak correlation between P and N. Factor analysis revealed that A and C are correlated with P, N, and E. Conclusion: EPQ-R is reasonably valid and reliable.       

Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 1735-4315 11 3 2005 11 1 Meaning Assignment Structures/ Schema, Emotional States and Cognitive Processing of Emotional Information: Comparing Two Conceptual Frameworks 312 326 FA L. Fata B. Birashk M. K. Atefvahid K. S. Dabson

Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 1735-4315 11 3 2005 11 1 Delay Discounting(DD) in Correlation with Time Perspective in Medical Interns 327 334 FA M. Taj A. Mokri A. Fotohi  AbstractIntroduction: Delay discounting (DD) means prefering small immediate rewards to large delayed rewards. This study was to assess delay discounting and the correlation of our findings with that of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI).Method: In a cross-sectional study, DD and time perspective were investigated in 93 medical interns by means of a computer software and ZTPI. In delay discounting procedure (DDP), sub- jects chose between hypothetical monetary rewards available immediately or delayed 6 hours to 25 years. ZTPI consists of 56 items in five subscales. A nonlinear curve fitting program, t test, Mann-Whitney U Test and Pearson correlation were used for data analysis.Results: Hyperbolic function had good fitness to the results of delay discounting procedure (DDP). On ZTPI, the positive future and positive past subscales showed highest means the lowest mean was of the present fatalistic.  No meaningful correlation was found between DDP and ZTPI. Also, there was no significant difference between male and female participants. Conclusion:The delay discounting procedure based on a hyperbolic model has application for measurement of impulsivity in an Iranian sample. Absence of any meaningful correlation between DDP and ZTPI suggests that probably the tests relate to distinct aspects of impulsivity.

Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 1735-4315 11 3 2005 11 1 A Comparison of Sensation Seeking in Substance Abusers and Normal Individuals 335 341 FA M. Rahmanian J. Hasani  AbstractIntroduction: The aim of the present study was to compare sesation seeking in substance ab-users and normal individuals. Method: 30 heroin abusers and 30 opium abusers from the rehabilitation center in Kerman were selected by simple randomized sampling. Also, 30 smokers and 30 normal individuals, matched for age and education to the sample of substance abusers, were selected as the control group. All subjects completed the Zuckerman's sensation seeking scale.  Data analysis was done using des- criptive tests of one-way ANOVA and Tukey follow test.Results: This study indicated that the four groups differed significantly in the overall sensation seeking score, as well as the four dimensions of thrill and adventure seeking, experience seeking, disinhibition and boredom susceptibility.Conclusion: Opium and heroin abusers display higher levels of sensation seeking than non abusers.

Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 1735-4315 11 3 2005 11 1 The Relationship between Cigarette Smoking and Smoking by Parents and Friends 342 345 FA F. Mousavi Short Scientific Article

Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 1735-4315 11 3 2005 11 1 Knowledge of General Practitioners in Kerman City (Iran) about Ecstasy 346 350 FA Sh. Mazhari Short Scientific Article