Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
27
1
2021
4
1
Effect of Emotion-focused Therapy on Anxiety, Depression and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation in Women With Binge Eating Disorder
2
15
FA
Yousef
Asmari Bardezard
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
asmariyousef@yahoo.com
N
0000-0002-9334-6697
Sajad
Khanjani
Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
khanjanis23@yahoo.com
N
0000-0001-5697-083X
Esmaeil
Mousavi Asl
Department of Psychiatry, Golestan Hospital, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Ismail_mousavi@yahoo.com
N
0000-0002-1322-5423
Behrooz
Dolatshahi
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
dolatshahee@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0003-0710-3734
10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3246.1
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) on depression, anxiety, and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation (DER) in women with Binge Eating Disorder (BED).
Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test/post-test/follow-up design using a control group. Study population consists of all women referred to the obesity clinics in Tehran in 2019. Of these, 40 were selected using a purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=20) and control (n=20). The intervention group received 10 sessions of EFT, each session for 90 minutes. Data collection tools were the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Binge Eating Scale (BES), which were completed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measure ANIVA in SPSS v. 21 software.
Results: Group EFT significantly reduced the mean anxiety, depression, DER and severity of binge eating after intervention and over the 2-month follow-up period in BED women (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The EFT can reduce anxiety, depression, DER and binge eating severity in BED women, and its effect remains constant after two months. It can be useful in the treatment of BED.
Anxiety, Depression, Binge eating disorder, Emotion-focused therapy, Emotion regulation
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3119-en.html
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3119-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
27
1
2021
4
1
Mediating Role of External Shame and Self-compassion in the Relationship Between Peer Victimization and Depression in Adolescents
16
31
FA
Soheila
Yaghoubi
Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
syaghoubi@hotmail.com
N
0000-0002-3115-8877
Behrooz
Birashk
Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
birashk.b@iums.ac.ir
Y
0000-0003-0126-2291
Asma
Aghebati
Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
asma.aghebati@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-2117-4582
Ahmad
Ashouri
Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
ahmad.ashouri@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-4444-4530
10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3288.1
Objectives: The present study aims to examine the mediating role of external shame and self-compassion in the relationship between peer victimization and depression in adolescents.
Methods: This is a descriptive-correlational study. Participants were 300 middle-school students of Shahin Shahr city in Isfahan, Iran (150 girls and 150 boys), who were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data collection tools were Multidimensional Peer-Victimization Scale, the Other As Shamer Scale, Self-Compassionate Scale-Short Form, and Mood & Feeling Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS v. 19 and AMOS v. 20 applications.
Results: There were significant relationship among peer victimization, external shame, self-compassion, and depression (P<0.01). The measurement model had a good fitness (Root mean square error of approximation=0.037, normed fit index=0.997, comparative fit index=0.999). Path Analysis results reported that peer victimization had indirect effect on depression through mediation by external shame and self-compassion.
Conclusion: External shame and self-compassion can mediate the relationship between peer victimization and depression in adolescents. Considering them in designing effective preventive and therapeutic interventions can be helpful for adolescents to cope with peer victimization and depression.
Adolescents, Victimization, Shame, Compassion, Depression
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3150-en.html
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3150-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
27
1
2021
4
1
Comparison of the Childhood Trauma, Mindfulness Attention Awareness and Integrative Self Knowledge in Cancer Patients and General Population
32
47
FA
Mohammad Saeed
Khanjani
Department of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
sa.khanjani@uswr.ac.ir
N
0000-0002-7473-1549
Shadan
Mosavat
Department of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
shadanmosavat@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0002-9344-1109
Bahman
Bbahmani
Department of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
bbahmani43@yahoo.com
N
0000-0001-5485-3314
Enayatollah
Bakhshi
Department of Statistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
en.bakhshi@uswr.ac.ir
N
0000-0001-8049-0190
10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3187.1
Objectives: This study aims to compare childhood trauma, integrative self-knowledge and mindfulness in patients with cancer and healthy people.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 139 patients with cancer and 139 healthy people referred to Firoozgar Hospital and SAMAR Charity House who were selected by a convenience sampling method. They were asked to complete Integrative Self-Knowledge (ISK) Questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic methods including MANOVA.
Results: There was a significant difference between patients and controls in terms of ISK (P<0.001), mindfulness (P<0.001) and childhood trauma (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Cancer patients have lower ISK and mindfulness but higher childhood trauma compared to healthy people. Attention should be paid to the role of these factors in prevention and treatment processes.
Integrative self-knowledge, Mindfulness, Childhood trauma, Cancer
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3083-en.html
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3083-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
27
1
2021
4
1
Review, Documentation, Assessment of Treatment, and Harm Reduction Programs of Substance Use Disorder in Iranian Prisons
48
63
FA
Mohammad Bagher
Saberi Zafarghandi
Department of Addiction, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
saberi.mb@iums.ac.ir
Y
0000-0002-5783-8512
Sahar
Eshrati
Department of Addiction, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
eshrati.s@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-3740-6835
Reza
Arezoomandan
Department of Addiction, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
arezoomandan@yahoo.com
N
0000-0002-6640-9461
Marziyeh
Farnia
Education and Research Office of Iranian Prisons Organization, Tehran, Iran.
m_farnia@yahoo.com
N
0000-0003-4391-7364
Hosein
Mohammadi
Department of Addiction, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
denisly0097@yahoo.com
N
0000-0001-5511-1777
Neda
Vahed
Department of Addiction, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
vahedneda@yahoo.com
N
0000-0001-6939-4560
Arash
Javaheri
Department of Addiction, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
ajavaheri68@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-3010-2644
Mehdi
Amini
Department of Addiction, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
amini.mehdi@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-3423-9509
Samaneh
Heidari
Trauma and Injury Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Samaheidari@gmail.com
N
0000-0001-8022-997X
10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3324.1
Objectives: This study aims to assess the implementation of drug-related harm reduction programs in Iranian prisons and suggest solutions for their improvement.
Methods: This study was conducted in three steps. First, library method was used for collecting data from the central library of Iran’s Prisons, Security and Corrective Measures Organization. In the second step, performance indicators were extracted based on the results of first step and two researcher-made checklists were designed. Finally, a field visit and a semi-structured interview with the authorities involved in the treatment and harm reduction services were carried out.
Results: In most of prisons, drug-related harm reduction programs were underway. Despite a lack of human resources and budget at the beginning, the quality of measures was gradually increased and the attitude of authorities was improved. Methadone Maintenance Treatment and Triangular Clinics were the most common harm reduction programs, in addition to HIV and tuberculosis screening programs in collaboration with medical sciences universities. The program continued despite the change of officials.
Conclusion: Harm reduction programs are able to reduce infection diseases, self-harm and violent behaviors in prisons of Iran. Cultural programs along with other harm reduction programs, briefings and seeking support from the authorities can greatly help with continuation of the programs in prisons. By eliminating the shortage of manpower and redefining the security areas for ordinary prisoners, it will be possible to make better use of the facilities of universities and research centers.
Harm reduction, Addiction, Prison, Illegal drugs
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3167-en.html
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3167-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
27
1
2021
4
1
From Leaving Home to Losing Identity: A Qualitative Study on Rough Sleeping in Drug Addicts in Iran
64
77
FA
Mohammad
Sabzi Khoshnami
Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
m.khoshnam64@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-5054-6912
Fahime
Sheybani
Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
fahime.sheybani@gmail.com
N
0000-0003-2421-3943
Elham
Mohammadi
Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.
msw.mohammadi@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-4913-0194
Maliheh
Arshi
Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
marshisw@yahoo.com
N
0000-0003-1398-3774
Leila
Ostadhashemi
Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
lostadhashemi2@gmail.com
N
0000-0001-7431-4115
Maliheh
Khalvati
Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
ma.khalvati@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0002-6544-5970
10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3071.2
Objectives: The phenomenon of rough sleeping in big cities of Iran, particularly in Tehran is a serious social problem. The term rough sleeping is mostly used for those who sleep on the public spaces including pavements, parks or under bridges. It is assumed that rough sleeping and drug addiction are linked to each other. This study aims to evaluate the process of rough sleeping based on the experiences of homeless drug addicted in Iran.
Methods: This is a qualitative research. Participants were 20 homeless addicts (9 males and 11 females, mean age= 36.2 years) in Tehran city who were recruited using a purposive sampling method, and sampling continued until data saturation. The data were collected through a semi-structured in-depth interview and observations. Data analysis was performed based on the grounded theory recommended by Strauss and Corbin (1998).
Results: The rough sleeping process had two steps: (a) Leaving home voluntarily (to protect family or escape from family problems) or involuntarily (Due to being expelled from home and losing the roof over the head), and (b) Being homelessness which had four main categories: Elusive life, informal and contravened subsistence, involving in exploitative relationships, and loss of individual/social identity.
Conclusion: When leaving home and becoming rough sleeper, the individual becomes elusive, delinquent, damaged and socially rejected homeless, in addition to the risk of becoming a drug addict. Therefore, this group can be considered as a severely injured group involved in various social, legal and psychological issues. Given the complexity of the homelessness aspects in drug addicts, there is a need for coordinated interventions between individuals, families and the support systems at all levels.
Homeless, Grounded Theory, Social harm, Loss of identity, Leaving
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3063-en.html
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3063-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
27
1
2021
4
1
Accuracy of Niacin Skin Flush Test for Diagnosing Schizophrenia
78
91
FA
Mohammad
Arzanlou
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
darmangar52@gmail.com
Y
0000-0002-8138-3781
Alireza
Armanikian
Department of Psychiatry, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
dr.armmani@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-8205-0305
Omid
Saed
Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
saedomid@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-6070-6230
Faramarz
Dobakhti
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
fdobakhti@zums.ac.ir
N
0000-0002-7822-3601
Nima
Motamed
Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
nima.motamed@zums.ac.ir
N
0000-0001-7146-6025
Akefeh
Ahmadiafshar
Department of Pediatrics, Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
akefeh45@zums.ac.ir
N
0000-0002-9202-6915
10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3144.1
Objectives: This study aims to investigate niacin sensitivity in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy people and examine the accuracy of niacin skin flush test in diagnosing schizophrenia.
Methods: This diagnostic study was conducted in 2018 in Zanjan, Iran. Three niacin concentrations (0.001 M, 0.01 M, and 0.1 M) was first applied topically to the skin of 36 schizophrenia patients and 33 healthy controls. Flush responses were evaluated at 10 and 15 min after application. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of the test were measured for each niacin concentration and evaluation time.
Results: At 10 min, the highest test accuracy was reported when 0.001 M niacin solution was used (Sensitivity=94%, specificity=50%, PPV= 51%, and NPV= 94%). At 15 min, the highest test accuracy was observed at 0.01 concentration (Sensitivity=52%, specificity=92%, PPV=79%, and NPV=77%).
Conclusion: Flush responses to niacin is more impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, niacin can be considered as a biological marker of schizophrenia and can be used for its diagnosis.
Schizophrenia, Niacin, Sensitivity, Specificity, Predictive Value
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3044-en.html
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3044-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
27
1
2021
4
1
Depression, Anxiety, Psychosomatic Symptoms, and Perceived Social Support in Type D and Non-type D Individuals
92
103
EN
Ume
Kalsoom
Department of Psychology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
dr.kalsoom@sbbwu.edu.pk
Y
0000-0003-0561-3159
Bibi
Hanifa
Department of Psychology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
N
10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3479.1
Objectives: This study examines depression, anxiety, psychosomatic symptoms, and perceived social support among type D and non-type D individuals.
Methods: A total of 300 individuals aged 18 to 40 years were recruited in the investigation. We used the distress personality scale (DS 14), Pakistan anxiety and despondency scale, psychosomatic symptoms, and perceived social support scales to obtain the study data. The study participants were divided into Type D (n=166) and non-Type D individuals (n=134) based on their DS 14 cut-off scores. In this descriptive study, a random cluster sampling technique was utilized to choose the samples. The study was conducted from September to December 2017. Data analysis was performed utilizing independent samples t-test and regression analysis.
Results: The recurrence of the Type D personality was 55%. Results indicated a considerable difference between Type D and non-Type D personality on depression, anxiety, and psychosomatic side effects (P < 0.001 for all side effects). The findings also suggest that Type D individuals perceived less social support from family, friends, and significant others.
Conclusion: People with type D character qualities show more depression, anxiety, psychosomatic symptoms, and less perceived social support when compared with non-Type D people.
Depression, Anxiety, Psychosomatic symptoms, Perceived social support, Type D individuals
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3285-en.html
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3285-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
27
1
2021
4
1
Urban Mental Health Initiative: Developing Interdisciplinary Collaboration, the Role of the Family Physician in Management of Severe Mentally Ill Patients
104
119
FA
Seyed Kazem
Malakouti
Mental Health Research Center, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
malakouti.m@iums.ac.ir
N
0000-0003-4978-6449
Amirabbas
Keshavarz Akhlaghi
Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
keshavarz.a@iums.ac.ir
N
0000-0002-7503-7153
Fatemeh
Shirzad
Spiritual Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
shirzad.f@iums.ac.ir
N
0000-0001-9233-3854
Vahid
Rashedi
School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
rashedi.v@iums.ac.ir
N
0000-0002-3972-3789
Mitra
Khlafbeigi
Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sceinces, Iran University of Medical Sceinces, Tehran, Iran.
, Mitra Khlafbeigi
N
0000-0003-3424-8968
Maziar
Moradi Lakeh
Family Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
moradi.m@iums.ac.ir
N
0000-0001-7381-5305
Ahmad
Hajebi
Department of Psychiatry, Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
hajebi.a@iums.ac.ir
Y
0000-0001-8435-0398
10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.2987.1
Introduction: Mental health in Iran was approved in 1988. However, and then this program was integrated into the primary care system in our country and was implemented within the villagers' family physician program with great success. In urban areas, there is no structured health network. However, regarding the demographic changes in the country's population, huge sprawling of cities, and the changes in urban-rural population proportion, demands for a coherent plan to provide mental health services to the urban population are felt more than ever. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and establishment of a model of urban mental health network for severe psychiatric patients.
Methods: This plan is based on resource reviews, Use the experiences of other countries, Model World Health Organization, The services available in the country currently run by the beneficiary organizations, Description of the responsibilities of the responsible organizations, Collaboration between the Ministry of Health and various organizations responsible for mental health, Having the views of national expert and international constant in this field from other countries cooperated with the aim of examining how to compile a coherent and integrated urban health service plan. This model is estimated by community-based services for 100,000 people.
Results: The proposed model for providing immediate psychiatric services with greater cohesion and increasing training and skills capacity among staff 110, 115, 1480, and 123 services, as well as a space for hospitalization of 3 to 5 emergency patients next to the public hospital, is recommended. Depending on the number of patients in a population of 100,000, we will need community-based services, including 2 to 3 home visit teams to cover 80 patients per team, and 3 daily centers to provide services to 40 patients. If community-based services are provided, we will need 12 acute psychiatric beds and 5 beds for mid-term rehabilitation to provide inpatient services. In terms of employment and accommodation, 50 patients will need supported employment, respectively, and two apartments with an area of about 60 meters will be needed to accommodate about eight people. The provision of the above services requires the equal participation of the interested organizations. The family physician will play an essential role in continuing medical care for severe and mild psychiatric patients under the constant supervision of specialists
Discussion and Conclusion: To achieve a better model of mental health services in cities that can cover a wide range of people in urban areas and at various levels from prevention and care to treatment and rehabilitation, we need the coordination between the organizations providing these services for the accurate planning of the interests of each organization, elimination of duplicate services, and saving human capital and resources of the country.
Mental health, Community-based services, Urban mental health, Family physician
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3130-en.html
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3130-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
27
1
2021
4
1
An 8-year-old Boy With Three Failed Suicide Attempts by Hanging: A Case Report
120
127
FA
Ali Ashraf
Mozafari
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
amozafari99@yahoo.com
N
0000-0002-9962-3130
Amir
Adibi
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
adibi-a@medilam.ac.ir
N
0000-0002-0693-052x
Elham
Shafiei
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
shafiei-e@medilam.ac.ir
N
0000-0001-9173-4162
Ali
Sahebi
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
ali.sahebi.phd@gmail.com
Y
0000-0003-4662-8998
10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3347.1
Objectives: Suicidal behavior in children under 10 years of age is a warning and a matter of concern. It can be an important indicator for evaluating the mental health of individuals in the community.
Case Report: This study reported an 8-year-old boy who had three failed suicide attempts by hanging. The psychiatric assessment revealed that he had major depressive disorder which had not been diagnosed.
Conclusion: Evaluation of his behavior by using the Child Behavior Checklist completed by his parents showed that he had the highest scores in aggressive behavior, attention problems, rule-breaking behavior, and anxious/depressed subscales. Lack of parental attention to meeting the needs and creating a supportive environment may have led to behavioral-emotional disorders and risky behaviors such as suicide in the boy.
Suicide attempt, Major depressive disorder, Child behavior, Child neglect
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3179-en.html
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3179-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
27
1
2021
4
1
Application of Negative Reinforcement and Reward Technique to Reduce Behavior of Collecting Goods In Individual with Schizophrenia
128
137
EN
Karisma
Dewi Puspasari Karisma
Department of Professional Psychology, School of Psychology Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia.
krsmdw@gmail.com
Y
0000-0001-8275-6941
Zulfany
Safira Nabila Zulfany
Department of Professional Psychology, School of Psychology Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia.
N
0000-0001-5822-5294
Muhammad
Salis Yuniardi Salis
Department of Professional Psychology, School of Psychology Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia.
N
0000-0001-5787-8314
Latipun
Latipun
Department of Professional Psychology, School of Psychology Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia.
N
0000-0003-0348-8585
10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3233.1
Our subject is a 55-year-old man and a former civil servant. He claimed to have seen someone who others could not see. He believed that he is an important person. He had strange behavior such as separating himself from others, speaking and laughing alone, and collecting rubbish. Based on the assessment through observation, interviews, and psychological tests, the subject was diagnosed with schizophrenia and behavioral problems such as collect things. The subject’s behavior appears because he feels pleasure after collecting goods. He did not do other activities that make him feel good; thus, the behavior was repeated. The intervention aims to reduce the frequency of collecting things through negative reinforcement and rewards techniques. The intervention eventually suppressed the behavior of collecting things carried out by the subject gradually.
Negative reinforcement, Reward, Behavior therapy, Schizophrenia
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3109-en.html
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3109-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
27
1
2021
4
1
Infidelity a Challenge Facing Therapists
138
143
FA
Saeedeh
Shirdel
Mental Health Research Center, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
saide021@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0001-8611-4372
Jafar
Bolhari
Spiritual Health Research Center, School of Behavioral and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
bolharij@yahoo.com
N
0000-0001-5360-7541
10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3287.1
It seems vital to address the problem of extramarital relationships or marital infidelity, which is a traumatic issue for families and spouses and a common issue in counseling and treatment for mental health therapists. This social problem is also very common, however, due to its crucial and personal aspect, accurate information about its prevalence is not available in Iran. Infidelity refers to any concealment of a spouse about an extramarital affair. In fact, secrecy is an important part of an illegitimate and romantic relationship. Types of infidelity include sexual, emotional, and virtual (Internet) infidelity. Men react more strongly to sexual infidelity and women to emotional infidelity. An important point to note is that dissatisfaction with marriage can lead to infidelity, but a successful marriage is no guarantee that it will not happen. Despite its prevalence, not much research has been done in this area. In a US study, integrative intervention therapy was used for couples with such problem and it was found that this integrated treatment model had a good effect on the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Some tudies have been conducted in Iran despite the sensitivity of the issue. In a systematic review conducted in Mashhad to investigate the causes of infidelity in married women, four causes of individual-personality, cultural-social, family-educational, and religious-belief were more effective than other causes. In another study, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) was performed in Tehran to reduce anxiety and depression among women with extramarital affairs and it was observed that this treatment clearly reduces the mentioned symptoms.
Extramarital relations, Betrayal therapist
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3148-en.html
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3148-en.pdf