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جهانی سازی و درمانهای ادارکی رفتاری Globalization and the Cognitive-behavioral Therapies 1 1 درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری به یکی از رویکردهای اصلی برای سلامت ذهن در جهان تبدیل شده‌اند. پایگاه داده بزرگی وجود دارد که از کارآمدی درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری برای گستره‌ای از اختلالات حمایت می‌کند [1]. برخی نویسندگان تاکنون گام‌های زیادی برداشته‌اند تا درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری را به عنوان «استاندارد طلایی» برای اختلالات خاص اعلام کنند [2]. علاوه بر این، در حالی که بسیاری از مدل‌های درمان ادراکی‌رفتاری اولین‌بار در کشورهای غربی توسعه داده شده‌اند، اکنون از نظر فرهنگی تطبیق داده شده‌اند و برای استفاده گسترده جهانی ارتقا یافته‌اند [3]. ارتقای درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری و رشد جهانی آن‌ها در غیاب بیشتر راهبرد یا برنامه‌ریزی نظام‌مند روی داده است. کنفرانس‌های منطقه‌ای درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری و به طور قابل توجه انجمن اروپا برای درمان‌های رفتاری و ادراکی و همچنین کنفرانس‌های جهانی با مبنای سه سالانه پیشنهادی توسط هر کمیته کنگره جهانی و انجمن بین‌المللی روان‌درمانی ادراکی برگزار شده‌اند. در نهایت، کمیته کنگره جهانی توافقی ضعیف بین چندین طرف برای برگزاری کنگره جهانی است (کنگره بعدی در برلین آلمان در ماه ژوئن سال 2019 برگزار می شود. به سایت www.wcbct2019.org رجوع شود). در واقع، سازمانی جهانی وجود نداشته است که گستره وسیعی از رویکردهای معاصر به درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری را ارائه کند. امید این کارگروه این است که نهاد جهانی جدیدی به‌زودی ظهور خواهد کرد. کنفدراسیون جهانی درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری که نام کاری آن WCBCT است، به عنوان سازمان جهانی سازمان‌ها متصور شده است. ساختار پیشنهادی این سازمان شامل نمایندگانی از مناطق مختلف سازمان‌های درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری می‌شود که خود نماینده سازمان‌های ملی درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری زیادی در منطقه جغرافیایی خود هستند؛ برای مثال، انجمن اروپا برای درمان‌های رفتاری و ادراکی، انجمن درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری آسیا، انجمن درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری آمریکای لاتین (ALAMOC). کارگروهی وجود داشته است که اعضای آن از جمله نویسنده کنونی، در حال تدوین طرح پیشنهادی و گرفتن پاسخ از سازمان‌های منطقه‌ای هستند. امید ما آن است که کنفدراسیون جهانی درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری بتواند به صورت رسمی فعالیت‌های خود را تا کنگره جهانی سال 2019 آغاز کند. کنفدراسیون جهانی درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری از توسعه درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری در سراسر جهان حمایت می‌کند. کشورهایی وجود دارند که هنوز سازمان ملی درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری ندارند؛ بنابراین هدف اصلی آنان ارتقای این توسعه در جایی که معنادار است، خواهد بود. امید است زمانی سازمان‌های ملی کافی در آفریقا نیز تشکیل شود؛ برای مثال، انجمن درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری آفریقا نیز شکل گیرد. کنفدراسیون جهانی درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری همچنین می‌تواند توسعه درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری را به مثابه رشته‌ای علمی و فعالیتی حرفه‌ای در سراسر جهان تسهیل کند. هدف از این کار توسعه وب‌سایتی است که به مطالب و متخصصانی ارجاع ‌دهد که می‌توانند آموزش متخصصان و ارائه خدمات را تسهیل کنند. برای انجام این کار، کنفدراسیون جهانی درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری امیدوار است به عامل مؤثری در کمک به توسعه و گسترش درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری تبدیل شود. تصور بر این است که تمام شکل‌ها و مدل‌های درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری با ساختار منطقه‌ای کنفدراسیون جهانی درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری درک خواهند شد؛ در نتیجه این کنفدراسیون می‌تواند به منظور افزایش تمرکز بر تحقیق، آموزش، تمرین بالینی و گسترش درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری اتحادهای همکاری مؤثری را بین کشورها تشکیل دهد. اگر کنفدراسیون جهانی در این مسیر موفق شود، می‌تواند با سازمان‌های دولتی و غیردولتی دیگر مانند سازمان بهداشت جهانی، یونسکو و هلال احمر/هلال سبز همکاری کند. به‌راحتی می‌توان اتحادی جهانی از متخصصان درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری را تصور کرد که آماده به اشتراک‌گذاری منابع، آموزش‌دهی یا پاسخ‌دهی سریع به فجایع جهانی هستند. در جهانی که به علت ارتباطات جهانی، آثار بین‌المللی کنونی و مسافرت مانند گرم‌شدن جهانی «در حال کوچک‌تر شدن است»، نیازی جدی به رهبری و ارتباطات مؤثر وجود دارد. در واقع، حتی نقشی برای اصول و فرایندهای ادراکی‌رفتاری در مذاکرات بین‌المللی وجود دارد [4]. بنابراین امید این کمیته سازمان‌دهی این است که کنفدراسیون جهانی درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری به صدای مؤثری برای درمان‌های ادراکی‌رفتاری و درمان‌های شواهد‌محور و همچنین بهبود زندگی شهروندان در تمام بخش‌های جهان تبدیل شود. 2 There is little doubt that the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies (CBTs) have become one of the primary approaches to mental health in the world. There is a large database that supports the efficacy of the CBTs for a range of disorders [1], and some authors have gone so far to declare the CBTs the “gold standard” for specific disorders [2]. In addition, while many of the CBT models were first developed in Western countries, they have now been culturally adapted and for promoted for widespread global use [3]. The promotion of the CBTs and their global growth has happened in the absence of much strategy or systemic planning. There have been regional CBT conferences, and notably those of the European Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies (EACBT), as well as global conferences on a tri-annual basis offered by each of the World Congress Committee and the International Association of Cognitive Psychotherapies. Unfortunately, the World Congress Committee is only a loose agreement among several partners to hold a world congress (the next in Berlin, Germany, in June, 2019; see http://www.wcbct2019.org). There has been no truly global organization that represents the wide range of contemporary approaches to CBT. It is the hope of this working group that a new global entity will soon emerge. The World Confederation of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies (WCBCT; a working title) is envisioned as a global organization of organizations. Its proposed structure would include representation from different regional CBT organizations (e.g. EABCT, the Asian Association of CBT, the Latin American Association of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies- ALAMOC), which in turn represent a large number of national CBT organizations within their geographical area. There has been a working group of members, including the current author, who have been developing a proposal and getting response from regional organizations. Our hope is that the new WCBCT can officially start its activities as of the World Congress in 2019. The WCBCT will support the development of CBT worldwide. There are a number of countries that do not yet have a national CBT organization, so the early goal is to promote this development where it makes sense. It is hoped that once enough national organizations exist in Africa, for example, An African Association of CBT might also form there. The WCBCT can also facilitate the development of the CBTs as a scientific discipline and professional activity across the world. The intention is to develop a website with connections to studies and experts who can facilitate the training of professionals and delivery of services. In doing so, the WCBCT hopes to become an effective agent to help develop and disseminate the CBTs. The notion is that all variations and models of CBT will be captured with the regional structure of the WCBCT, and so the confederation can foster effective working alliances among countries to maximize a focus on research, training, clinical practice, and dissemination of CBT. In case of success, the World Confederation will be able to work with other governmental and non-governmental organizations, such as the World Health Organization, UNESCO or the Red Cross/ Green Crescent. It is easy to imagine a global alliance of CBT clinicians who are prepared to share resources, conduct training, or respond directly to global disasters. In a world that is “getting smaller” due to global communications, available travel and international effects such as global warning, there is an urgent need for effective leadership and communication. Indeed, there is even a role for cognitive-behavioral principles and processes in international negotiations themselves [4]. Therefore this Organizing Committee hopes that the WCBCT will become an effective voice for the CBTs and evidence-based therapies in general, and as a consequence improve the lives of citizens in all parts of the world.     118 123 2018/01/7 1396/10/17 2018/07/24 1397/5/2 کیت استفن دابسون Keith Stephen Dobson گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه کلگری، کلگری، کانادا کانادا E-mail: ksdobson@ucalgary.ca Globalization Cognitive-behavioral Therapies جهانی سازی درمان های ادراکی رفتاری Dobson KS, McEpplan AM, Dobson DJG. Empirical validation and the CBTs. In: Dobson KS, Dozois JA, editor. Handbook of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies (4th edition). New York: Guilford Press; 2018.##Otte C. Cognitive behavioral therapy in anxiety disorders: Current state of the evidence. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 2011; 13(4):413-21 ##Naeem F, Kingdon D. Cognitive behaviour therapy in non-Western cultures. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers; 2012.##Gallucio M. Handbook of international negotiation: Interpersonal, intercultural and diplomatic perspectives. Berlin: Spinger; 2015.## ##

پیشگیری از خشونت خانگی: اجرای برنامه آزمایشی جلب حمایت در یک منطقه شهری Domestic Violence Prevention Advocacy Program: A Pilot Study in Tehran Urban Area 1 1 اهداف این مطالعه با هدف اجرای آزمایشی برنامه حمایت‌طلبی توسعه ایمنی و پیشگیری از خشونت خانگی در سازمان‌ها و نهادها و نیز جمعیت زیر پوشش مرکز بهداشت غرب تهران انجام شد. مواد و روش ها پژوهش حاضر پروژه‌ای کاربردی و پایلوت، با روش مطالعه کمّی و کیفی بر اساس مداخله مبتنی بر جامعه و پژوهش خدمات بهداشتی صورت گرفته است. جامعه آماری شامل نهادها و سازمان‌های ذی‌نفع و فعال در پیشگیری از خشونت خانگی در منطقه جنوب‌غرب شهر تهران بود. نمونه‌گیری به روش در دسترس از بین تمام جامعه آماری شامل مرکز بهداشت غرب تهران، مرکز مداخله در بحران سازمان بهزیستی، بخش فرهنگی اجتماعی منطقه 9 شهرداری تهران، کلانتری 119 مهرآباد (نیروی انتظامی)، انجمن دفاع از قربانیان خشونت و نیز 25 نفر از کارکنان انجام شد. ابزار مطالعه پرسش‌نامه پایش و ارزشیابی، مصاحبه، مشاهده، متون آموزشی، مستندات مکتوب، صورت‌جلسه‌ها و گزارش‌های کارکنان بود. یافته ها یافته‌ها نشان داد به طور کلی بیشتر نهادها و سازمان‌های ذی‌نفع، به‌ویژه بخش سلامت و معاونت بهداشتی، در اجرا و حمایت‌طلبی از برنامه ایمنی و پیشگیری از خشونت خانگی همکاری داشتند. با این حال برخی مشکلات گزارش‌شده حاصل از یافته‌های کیفی شامل عدم رضایت کارکنان و عدم حمایت و پیشرفت فعالیت‌ها بوده است. در بسیاری از یافته‌های کیفی علاقه، انگیزه و نگرش مثبت به یاری‌رسانی در میان کارکنان و مدیران و متخصصان گزارش شد که در رفتار و وظایف سازمانی آن‌ها نیامده بود. یافته‌های کمّی و کیفی از کاستی در همکاری و حمایت درون‌بخشی و برون‌بخشی، همکاری کم مدیران و معتمدان محلی و ضعف در ثبت پرونده‌ها و داده‌ها حکایت می‌کردند. نتیجه گیری برنامه جلب حمایت که در سند ملی ایمنی و پیشگیری از خشونت خانگی پیشنهاد شده است، برنامه‌ای اجرایی، مستند به شواهد و کاربردی است. در میان سازمان‌های مشارکت‌کننده در این پژوهش، بخش سلامت و معاونت بهداشتی بیش از دیگر سازمان‌ها مشارکت داشته است. با این حال برای اجرای مؤثرتر برنامه پیشگیری از خشونت خانگی به تصویب سطوح بالای مدیریت کشور و برنامه‌ریزی برای مشارکت بیشتر دیگر سازمان‌ها، تخصیص بودجه مناسب برای یاری رساندن به قربانیان و حمایت همه‌جانبه از قربانیان نیاز است. 2 Objectives This study was undertaken with the aim of delivering/implementing safety promotion and domestic violence prevention advocacy program in organizations, institutions and also individuals’ coverage by West Tehran Health Center. Methods This study is an action/operational research and a pilot study undertaken with both quantitative and qualitative research method approach. It is a community-based intervention and Health System Research (HSR). The samples of the pilot study were selected from the key stakeholders including relevant institutions or organizations and their staffs working on domestic violence prevention, together with domestic violence affected married women (victims) in neighborhood were 9 from Tehran. Instruments applied in this study included monitoring and evaluation questionnaire, interview, observation, amount of distribution of educational resources, written documents, meeting reports and staff reports. Results Most of the stakeholders/institutions and organizations supported and have effective collaboration in implementation of safety promotion and domestic violence prevention advocacy program. Other key findings of this study are as follows: Failure in achieving many individual and organizational responsibilities; discontinuing support/helping to battered women; bureaucratic barriers and inefficiency of some organizations; and lack of program/action plan, budget and planning for domestic violence prevention in all organizations except West Tehran Health Center which is supported by Ministry of Health. Conclusion Advocacy program offered in draft of national policy on safety and domestic violence prevention, is acceptable, based on evidence, and is functional in this urban area. However, this study recommends that there is a highly critical need for a strategic decision making and planning at national level considering sufficient administrative authority and budget for supporting victims of domestic violence.   124 135 2018/01/72017/08/9 1396/5/18 2018/07/242018/01/28 1396/11/8 جعفر بوالهری Jafar Bolhari گروه روانپزشکی جامعه نگر، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، مرکز تحقیقات سلامت معنوی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران، تهران، ایران ایران تینا امیری Tina Amiri گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران) ، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران، تهران، ایران ایران E-mail: tinaamiri888@gmail.com عیسی کریمی کیسمی Isa Karimi Keisomi دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان(انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران، تهران، ایران ایران معصومه محسنی کبیر Masoome Mohseni Kabir گروه روانشناسی سلامت، دانشکده روانشناسی واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ایران Advocacy Domestic violence Spouse abuse حمایت طلبی خشونت خانگی همسرآزاری Hugl Wajek JA, Cairo D, Shah S, McCreary B. 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نقش تکانشگری، حساسیت به پاداش و بی لذتی در تمایزگذاری میان افراد دارای نشانه های اختلال شخصیت مرزی و افراد عادی The Role of Impulsivity, Sensitivity to Reward and Anhedonia in Distinction People With Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder From Ordinary People 1 1 اهداف هدف پژوهش حاضر تعیین نقش تکانش‌گری، حساسیت به پاداش و بی‌لذتی در تمایزگذاری افراد دارای اختلال شخصیت مرزی و افراد عادی بود. مواد و روش ها روش پژوهش حاضر توصیفی‌همبستگی بود. جامعه پژوهش حاضر شامل دانشجویان دانشگاه تبریز در سال تحصیلی 95-96 بود که براساس روش پژوهش، 200 نفر در مرحله اول ( به صورت غربالگری) و بر اساس فرمول فیدل و تاباخنیک و 80 نفر در مرحله دوم (به صورت نمونه‌گیری هدفمند) انتخاب شد. برای اندازه‌گیری متغیرها از پرسش‌نامه میلون-3، برای غربالگری افراد دارای نشانه های اختلال شخصیت مرزی در مرحله اول پژوهش تکلیف رایانه‌ای خطرپذیری بادکنکی برای سنجش متغیر تکانش‌گری و متغیر حساسیت به پاداش، مقیاس لذت اسنس و همیلتون برای سنجش متغیر بی‌لذتی استفاده شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل ممیز و نسخه 23 نرم‌افزار SPSS تحلیل شد. یافته ها نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد متغیر تکانش‌گری با ضریب 61/0بیشترین نقش را در کل تابع تشخیص دارد. همچنین متغیر حساسیت به پاداش با ضریب 47/0 در مرتبه دوم در کل تابع تشخیص قرار دارد. متغیر بی‌لذتی نیز با ضریب 42/0– در مرتبه سوم در کل تابع تشخیص قرار دارد. نتیجه گیری سندرم نقص پاداش مغز می‌تواند عامل زیربنایی در آسیب‌شناسی نشانه‌های تکانش‌گری و بی‌لذتی در افراد دارای نشانه‌های اختلال شخصیت مرزی باشد؛ چراکه نقص در سیستم پاداش مغز نوعی محرومیت از مکانیزم‌های حسی در افراد دارای نشانه‌های اختلال شخصیت مرزی است. این امر باعث بی‌لذتی و کم‌انگیختگی و درنهایت تکانش‌گری در این افراد می‌شود.   2 Objectives The aim of this study is to determine the role of impulsivity, sensitivity to reward and also anhedonia in distinction People with symptoms of borderline personality disorder from normal people. Methods This study uses both the descriptive and correlative method. The sampling method was sampling and targeting type. The samples comprised of students from Tabriz University (2016-2017 academic year), initial 200 candidates for screening and subsequent 80 candidates for target sampling. In the first step of this study, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) was used for screening followed by Balloon Analogue Risk Task for measuring the impulsivity and resistance variable as sensitivity to reward and the Snaith-Hamilton scale of pleasure is used to measure anhedonia variable. Results It was illustrated broadly that the impulsivity variable, with 0.61 ratio, has the most important role in the Detection function. The resistance variable towards earning rewards with a 0.47 ratio occupies second place in the Detection function; the anhedonia variable occupied the third place in the Detection function with a ratio of 0.42. Conclusion Reward deficiency syndrome can be considered as a fundamental pathological symptom of impulsivity and anhedonia in borderline personality disorder BPD. The poor functioning of the brain’s rewards system is a deprivation of sensory mechanisms in people affected with BPD, that led to anhedonia and low arousal and finally impulsivity.   136 147 2018/01/72017/08/92017/10/15 1396/7/23 2018/07/242018/01/282018/03/4 1396/12/13 مجید محمودعلیلو Majid Mahmood Aliloo گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران ایران تورج هاشمی نصرت آباد Tooraj Hashemi Nosratabad گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران ایران علیرضا کریم پور وظیفه خورانی Alireza Karimpour Vazifehkhorani گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران ایران Reward sensitivity Anhedonia Impulsivity Reward deficiency syndrome Sub-threshold borderline personality تکانشگری حساسیت به پاداش بی لذتی سندرم نقص پاداش مغز اختلال شخصیت مرزی Mahmoud AM, Sharifi MA. [Borderline personality disorder theoretical topics and therapies (Persian)]. 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تجربه آزار هیجانی کودکی و ویژگیهای اختلال شخصیت مرزی در بزرگسالی: نقش واسطه ای سبکهای دلبستگی و تنظیم هیجانی Childhood Emotional Abuse and Borderline Personality Disorder Features: The Mediating Roles of Attachment Style and Emotion Regulation 1 1 اهداف پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش واسطه‌ای سبک‌های دلبستگی و تنظیم هیجانی در رابطه‌ بین آزار هیجانی دوران کودکی و ویژگی‌های اختلال شخصیت مرزی انجام شده است. مواد و روش ها طرح پژوهشی حاضر از نوع توصیفی همبستگی است. به این منظور، 312 نفر از دانشجویان دانشگاه شهید بهشتی با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای انتخاب شدند و به پرسش‌نامه‌های ضربه‌های کودکی، شخصیت مرزی، مشکلات در تنظیم هیجانی گراتز و سبک‌های دلبستگی بزرگسالان پاسخ دادند. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری از نوع تحلیل مسیر و نرم‌افزارهای LiSREL-8.7 و AMOS-23 انجام شد. یافته ها ارزیابی مدل فرضی پژوهش نشان داد این مدل، شاخص‌های برازش مناسبی دارد. نتایج مشخص کرد سبک دلبستگی ناایمن مضطرب و مشکلات در تنظیم هیجانی می‌تواند با واسطه‌گری کامل، ویژگی‌های اختلال شخصیت مرزی را پیش‌بینی کند. نتیجه گیری یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر علاوه بر حمایت از مدل فرضی برای ویژگی‌های شخصیت مرزی، چارچوب مناسبی برای سبب‌شناسی این اختلال ارائه می‌دهد. 2 Objectives  This study aimed to evaluate the mediating role of attachment styles and emotional regulation in the relationship of childhood emotional abuse and borderline personality disorder features. Methods In a descriptive-correlational study, a sample of 312 students of Shahid Beheshti University was selected using cluster sampling method. Participants responded to the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS). Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) of Path Analysis type. Results  Evaluation of the hypothesized model showed that this model has suitable fitness indices. Results showed that anxious attachment style and difficulties in emotion regulation can predict borderline personality disorder feature in full mediation. Conclusion The result, supporting theoretical model for borderline personality disorder, proposes a suitable framework for etiology of the disorder. 148 163 2018/01/72017/08/92017/10/152018/02/7 1396/11/18 2018/07/242018/01/282018/03/42018/05/9 1397/2/19 حسین پورشهریار Hossein Pourshahriar گروه روانشناسی بهکاربسته، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران ایران حسین علیزاده Hossein Alizade گروه روانشناسی بالینی و سلامت، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران ایران E-mail: alizade72@yahoo.com کاظم رجایی نیا Kazem Rajaeinia گروه روانشناسی تربیتی و تحولی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران ایران Attachment styles Borderline personality disorder Emotion regulation Emotional abuse Structural equation modeling سبکهای دلبستگی اختلال شخصیت مرزی تنظیم هیجانی آزار هیجانی مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری Kaplan BJ. Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry. 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Severity of reported childhood sexual abuse and its relationship to severity of borderline psychopathology and psychosocial impairment among borderline inpatients. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2002; 190(6):381-7. [DOI:10.1097/00005053-200206000-00006] [PMID]##Alilou MM, Hashemi T, Beirami M, Bakhshipour A, Sharifi MA. [Investigating the relationship between childhood maltreatment, loss and initial separation and emotional dysregulation with borderline personality disorder (Persian)]. Journal of Psychology Achievements. 2014; 21(2):65-88.##Laporte L, Paris J, Guttman H, Russell J, Correa JA. Using a sibling design to compare childhood adversities in female patients with BPD and their sisters. Child Maltreatment. 2012; 17(4):318-29. [DOI:10.1177/1077559512461173] [PMID]##Trickett PK, Mennen FE, Kim K, Sang J. Emotional abuse in a sample of multiply maltreated, urban young adolescents: Issues of definition and identification. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2009; 33(1):27-35. [DOI:10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.12.003] [PMID] [PMCID]##Van Dijke A, Ford JD, van Son M, Frank L, van der Hart O. Association of childhood-trauma-by-primary caregiver and affect dysregulation with borderline personality disorder symptoms in adulthood. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2013; 5(3):217-24. [DOI:10.1037/a0027256]##Lieb K, Zanarini MC, Schmahl C, Linehan MM, Bohus M. Borderline personality disorder. The Lancet. 2004; 364(9432):453-61. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16770-6]##Cassidy J, Phillip R. Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical application. New York: Guilford Press, 2016.##Levy KN. The implications of attachment theory and research for understanding borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology. 2005; 17(4):959-86. [DOI:10.1017/S0954579405050455] [PMID]##Aaronson CJ, Bender DS, Skodol AE, Gunderson JG. Comparison of attachment styles in borderline personality disorder and obses-sive-compulsive personality disorder. Psychiatric Quarterly. 2006; 77(1):69-80. [DOI:10.1007/s11126-006-7962-x] [PMID]##Levy KN, Johnson BN, Clouthier TL, Scala J, Temes CM. An attachment theoretical framework for personality disorders. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne. 2015; 56(2):197-207. [DOI:10.1037/cap0000025]##Gratz KL, Roemer L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and ini-tial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 2004; 26(1):41-54. [DOI:10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94]##Southam-Gerow MA, Kendall PC. Emotion regulation and understanding: Implications for child psychopathology and therapy. Clinical Psychology Review. 2002; 22(2):189-222. [DOI:10.1016/S0272-7358(01)00087-3]##Burns EE, Jackson JL, Harding HG. Child maltreatment, emotion regulation, and posttraumatic stress: The impact of emotional abuse. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma. 2010; 19(8):801-19. [DOI:10.1080/10926771.2010.522947]##IBM. IBM SPSS statistics for windows, version 22.0. Armonk, New York: IBM; 2013.##Jöreskog KG, Sörbom D, du Toit S. LISREL 8: New statistical features. Portland: Scientific Software International; 2001. [PMID]##Arbuckle JL. IBM SPSS Amos 19 user's guide. Crawfordville, Florida: Amos Development Corporation; 2010.##Kline R. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press; 2015.##Bernstein DP, Stein JA, Newcomb MD, Walker E, Pogge D, Ahluvalia T, et al. Development and validation of a brief screening ver-sion of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2003; 27(2):169-90. [DOI:10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00541-0]##Mikaeili N, Zamanloo K. [A study of the prevalence of child abuse and its prediction from parents' depression and anxiety, attach-ment styles and mental health of their adolescent boys (Persian)]. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals. 2012; 2(5):145-66.##Mohammadzadeh A. [Validation of the borderline personality inventory in Iran (Persian)]. International Journal of Behavioral Scienc-es. 2009; 5(3):13-24.##Narimani M, Abbasi M, Abolghasemi A, Ahadi B. [A study comparing the effectiveness of acceptance/ commitment by emotional regulation training on adjustment in students with dyscalculia (Persian)]. Learning Disabilities. 2013; 2(4):154-76.##Pakdaman S. [A Study on the Relationship between Attachment Styles and Socialization in Adolescence (Persian)] [PhD thesis]. Tehran: University of Tehran; 2003.##Chou CP, Bentler PM. Estimates and tests in structural equation modeling. In: Hoyle RH, editor. Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE; 1995.##Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struc-tural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal. 1999; 6(1):1–55. [DOI:10.1080/10705519909540118]##Westbrook J, Berenbaum H. Emotional awareness moderates the relationship between childhood abuse and borderline personality disorder symptom factors. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2017; 73(7):910-21. [DOI:10.1002/jclp.22389] [PMID]##Iwaniec D. The emotionally abused and neglected child: Identification, assessment and intervention: A practice handbook. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; 2006.##Kim J, Cicchetti D. Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2010; 51(6):706-16. [DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02202.x] [PMID] [PMCID]##Winsper C, Hall J, Strauss VY, Wolke D. Aetiological pathways to Borderline Personality Disorder symptoms in early adolescence: childhood dysregulated behaviour, maladaptive parenting and bully victimisation. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation. 2017; 4(1):10. [DOI:10.1186/s40479-017-0060-x] [PMID] [PMCID]##Neumann E. Emotional abuse in childhood and attachment anxiety in adult romantic relationships as predictors of personality dis-orders. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma. 2017; 26(4):430-43. [DOI:10.1080/10926771.2017.1299826]##Critchfield KL, Levy KN, Clarkin JF, Kernberg OF. The relational context of aggression in borderline personality disorder: Using adult attachment style to predict forms of hostility. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2008; 64(1):67-82. [DOI:10.1002/jclp.20434] [PMID]##Aghayousefi A, Saravani S, Zeraatee R, Razeghi FS, Pourabdol S. [Prediction of students' academic performance based on attach-ment styles and different levels of adjustment (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2016; 21(4):308-16.##Hazan C, Shaver P. Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1987; 52(3):511. [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511] [PMID]##Maughan A, Cicchetti D. Impact of child maltreatment and interadult violence on children's emotion regulation abilities and socio-emotional adjustment. Child Development. 2002; 73(5):1525-42. [DOI:10.1111/1467-8624.00488] [PMID]##Cicchetti D, Lynch M. Toward an ecological/transactional model of community violence and child maltreatment: Consequences for children's development. Psychiatry. 1993; 56(1):96-118. [DOI:10.1080/00332747.1993.11024624] [PMID]##Conklin CZ, Bradley R, Westen D. Affect regulation in borderline personality disorder. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2006; 194(2):69-77. [DOI:10.1097/01.nmd.0000198138.41709.4f] [PMID]##Bierer LM, Yehuda R, Schmeidler J, Mitropoulou V, New AS, Silverman JM, et al. Abuse and neglect in childhood: Relationship to per-sonality disorder diagnoses. CNS Spectrums. 2003; 8(10):737-54. [DOI:10.1017/S1092852900019118] [PMID]##Kuo JR, Linehan MM. Disentangling emotion processes in borderline personality disorder: Physiological and self-reported assessment of biological vulnerability, baseline intensity, and reactivity to emotionally evocative stimuli. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2009; 118(3):531-44. [DOI:10.1037/a0016392] [PMID] [PMCID]##Kuo JR, Fitzpatrick S, Metcalfe RK, McMain S. A multi-method laboratory investigation of emotional reactivity and emotion regulation abilities in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 2016; 50:52-60. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.05.002] [PMID]##Kaplan BJ. Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016.##Pompili M, Girardi P, Ruberto A, Tatarelli R. Suicide in borderline personality disorder: A meta-analysis. Nordic Journal of Psy-chiatry. 2005; 59(5):319-24. [DOI:10.1080/08039480500320025] [PMID]##Apfelbaum S, Regalado P, Herman L, Teitelbaum J, Gagliesi P. Comorbidity between bipolar disorder and cluster B personality disorders as indicator of affective dysregulation and clinical severity. Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria. 2013; 41(5):269-78. [PMID]##Kuo JR, Khoury JE, Metcalfe R, Fitzpatrick S, Goodwill A. An examination of the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and borderline personality disorder features: The role of difficulties with emotion regulation. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2015; 39:147-55. [DOI:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.08.008] [PMID]##Zanarini MC, Yong L, Frankenburg FR, Hennen J, Reich DB, Marino MF, et al. Severity of reported childhood sexual abuse and its relationship to severity of borderline psychopathology and psychosocial impairment among borderline inpatients. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2002; 190(6):381-7. [DOI:10.1097/00005053-200206000-00006] [PMID]##Alilou MM, Hashemi T, Beirami M, Bakhshipour A, Sharifi MA. [Investigating the relationship between childhood maltreatment, loss and initial separation and emotional dysregulation with borderline personality disorder (Persian)]. Journal of Psychology Achievements. 2014; 21(2):65-88.##Laporte L, Paris J, Guttman H, Russell J, Correa JA. Using a sibling design to compare childhood adversities in female patients with BPD and their sisters. Child Maltreatment. 2012; 17(4):318-29. [DOI:10.1177/1077559512461173] [PMID]##Trickett PK, Mennen FE, Kim K, Sang J. Emotional abuse in a sample of multiply maltreated, urban young adolescents: Issues of definition and identification. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2009; 33(1):27-35. [DOI:10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.12.003] [PMID] [PMCID]##Van Dijke A, Ford JD, van Son M, Frank L, van der Hart O. Association of childhood-trauma-by-primary caregiver and affect dysregulation with borderline personality disorder symptoms in adulthood. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2013; 5(3):217-24. [DOI:10.1037/a0027256]##Lieb K, Zanarini MC, Schmahl C, Linehan MM, Bohus M. Borderline personality disorder. The Lancet. 2004; 364(9432):453-61. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16770-6]##Cassidy J, Phillip R. Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical application. New York: Guilford Press, 2016.##Levy KN. The implications of attachment theory and research for understanding borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology. 2005; 17(4):959-86. [DOI:10.1017/S0954579405050455] [PMID]##Aaronson CJ, Bender DS, Skodol AE, Gunderson JG. Comparison of attachment styles in borderline personality disorder and obses-sive-compulsive personality disorder. Psychiatric Quarterly. 2006; 77(1):69-80. [DOI:10.1007/s11126-006-7962-x] [PMID]##Levy KN, Johnson BN, Clouthier TL, Scala J, Temes CM. An attachment theoretical framework for personality disorders. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne. 2015; 56(2):197-207. [DOI:10.1037/cap0000025]##Gratz KL, Roemer L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and ini-tial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 2004; 26(1):41-54. [DOI:10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94]##Southam-Gerow MA, Kendall PC. Emotion regulation and understanding: Implications for child psychopathology and therapy. Clinical Psychology Review. 2002; 22(2):189-222. [DOI:10.1016/S0272-7358(01)00087-3]##Burns EE, Jackson JL, Harding HG. Child maltreatment, emotion regulation, and posttraumatic stress: The impact of emotional abuse. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma. 2010; 19(8):801-19. [DOI:10.1080/10926771.2010.522947]##IBM. IBM SPSS statistics for windows, version 22.0. Armonk, New York: IBM; 2013.##Jöreskog KG, Sörbom D, du Toit S. LISREL 8: New statistical features. Portland: Scientific Software International; 2001. [PMID]##Arbuckle JL. IBM SPSS Amos 19 user's guide. Crawfordville, Florida: Amos Development Corporation; 2010.##Kline R. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press; 2015.##Bernstein DP, Stein JA, Newcomb MD, Walker E, Pogge D, Ahluvalia T, et al. Development and validation of a brief screening ver-sion of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2003; 27(2):169-90. [DOI:10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00541-0]##Mikaeili N, Zamanloo K. [A study of the prevalence of child abuse and its prediction from parents' depression and anxiety, attach-ment styles and mental health of their adolescent boys (Persian)]. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals. 2012; 2(5):145-66.##Mohammadzadeh A. [Validation of the borderline personality inventory in Iran (Persian)]. International Journal of Behavioral Scienc-es. 2009; 5(3):13-24.##Narimani M, Abbasi M, Abolghasemi A, Ahadi B. [A study comparing the effectiveness of acceptance/ commitment by emotional regulation training on adjustment in students with dyscalculia (Persian)]. Learning Disabilities. 2013; 2(4):154-76.##Pakdaman S. [A Study on the Relationship between Attachment Styles and Socialization in Adolescence (Persian)] [PhD thesis]. Tehran: University of Tehran; 2003.##Chou CP, Bentler PM. Estimates and tests in structural equation modeling. In: Hoyle RH, editor. Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE; 1995.##Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struc-tural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal. 1999; 6(1):1–55. [DOI:10.1080/10705519909540118]##Westbrook J, Berenbaum H. Emotional awareness moderates the relationship between childhood abuse and borderline personality disorder symptom factors. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2017; 73(7):910-21. [DOI:10.1002/jclp.22389] [PMID]##Iwaniec D. The emotionally abused and neglected child: Identification, assessment and intervention: A practice handbook. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; 2006.##Kim J, Cicchetti D. Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2010; 51(6):706-16. [DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02202.x] [PMID] [PMCID]##Winsper C, Hall J, Strauss VY, Wolke D. Aetiological pathways to Borderline Personality Disorder symptoms in early adolescence: childhood dysregulated behaviour, maladaptive parenting and bully victimisation. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation. 2017; 4(1):10. [DOI:10.1186/s40479-017-0060-x] [PMID] [PMCID]##Neumann E. Emotional abuse in childhood and attachment anxiety in adult romantic relationships as predictors of personality dis-orders. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma. 2017; 26(4):430-43. [DOI:10.1080/10926771.2017.1299826]##Critchfield KL, Levy KN, Clarkin JF, Kernberg OF. The relational context of aggression in borderline personality disorder: Using adult attachment style to predict forms of hostility. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2008; 64(1):67-82. [DOI:10.1002/jclp.20434] [PMID]##Aghayousefi A, Saravani S, Zeraatee R, Razeghi FS, Pourabdol S. [Prediction of students' academic performance based on attach-ment styles and different levels of adjustment (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2016; 21(4):308-16.##Hazan C, Shaver P. Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1987; 52(3):511. [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511] [PMID]##Maughan A, Cicchetti D. Impact of child maltreatment and interadult violence on children's emotion regulation abilities and socio-emotional adjustment. Child Development. 2002; 73(5):1525-42. [DOI:10.1111/1467-8624.00488] [PMID]##Cicchetti D, Lynch M. Toward an ecological/transactional model of community violence and child maltreatment: Consequences for children's development. Psychiatry. 1993; 56(1):96-118. [DOI:10.1080/00332747.1993.11024624] [PMID]##Conklin CZ, Bradley R, Westen D. Affect regulation in borderline personality disorder. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2006; 194(2):69-77. [DOI:10.1097/01.nmd.0000198138.41709.4f] [PMID]##Bierer LM, Yehuda R, Schmeidler J, Mitropoulou V, New AS, Silverman JM, et al. Abuse and neglect in childhood: Relationship to per-sonality disorder diagnoses. CNS Spectrums. 2003; 8(10):737-54. [DOI:10.1017/S1092852900019118] [PMID]##Kuo JR, Linehan MM. Disentangling emotion processes in borderline personality disorder: Physiological and self-reported assessment of biological vulnerability, baseline intensity, and reactivity to emotionally evocative stimuli. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2009; 118(3):531-44. [DOI:10.1037/a0016392] [PMID] [PMCID]##Kuo JR, Fitzpatrick S, Metcalfe RK, McMain S. A multi-method laboratory investigation of emotional reactivity and emotion regulation abilities in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 2016; 50:52-60. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.05.002] [PMID]## ##

مقایسه آسیب روانی و ویژگیهای شخصیتی در مادران سه گروه کودکان مبتلا به اختلالات اضطرابی، اختلال وسواسی جبری و گروه بهنجار Comparison of Psychopathology and Personality Traits in Three Groups of Mothers of Children With Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Healthy Group 1 1 اهداف پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه صفات شخصیتی و آسیب روانی در مادران سه گروه کودکان مبتلا به اختلالات اضطرابی، اختلال وسواسی‌جبری و گروه بهنجار انجام شد. مواد و روش ها طرح پژوهش حاضر توصیفی و علّی‌مقایسه ای و از نوع مقطعی بود. شرکت‌کنندگان در این پژوهش 93 نفر از مادران (35 نفر گروه اضطرابی ، 27 نفر گروه وسواسی و 31 نفر گروه بهنجار) بودندکه به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. برای اندازه‌گیری متغیرها از مصاحبه بالینی ساختارمند (SCID-I) و پرسش‌نامه شخصیتی نئو فرم کوتاه (NEO-FFI-60) استفاده شد. داده‌ها با روش آزمون تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره و آزمون کروسکال والیس با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه20 تحلیل شدند. یافته ها نتایج پژوهش نشان داد بین مادران سه گروه کودکان بهنجار، گروه وسواس و گروه اضطرابی از لحاظ آسیب روانی تفاوت معناداری (001/0>P) وجود دارد. آسیب روانی در مادران گروه اضطرابی و وسواس به طور قابل توجهی بیشتر از گروه بهنجار است. نتایج تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره نشان داد بین سه گروه مادران در متغیرهای روان‌رنجورخویی، برون‌گرایی و گشودگی به تجربه تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود دارد. نتایج آزمون تعقیبی شفه نیز نشان داد بین میانگین مادران گروه بهنجار با مادران گروه اضطرابی و وسواس از لحاظ متغیرهای روان‌رنجورخویی و گشودگی و بین مادران گروه وسواسی با مادران گروه اضطرابی و بهنجار از لحاظ صفت گشودگی به تجربه تفاوت معنادار وجود دارد. بین میانگین سه گروه مادران از لحاظ متغیر برون‌گرایی تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد. نتیجه گیری با توجه به یافته‌های پژوهش تفاوت معناداری از آسیب روانی و صفت روان‌رنجورخویی در مادران دو گروه کودکان اضطرابی و کودکان مبتلا به وسواس در مقایسه با گروه بهنجار به دست آمد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد توجه به آسیب روانی و ویژگی‌های شخصیتی مادران در درمان و پیشگیری اختلالات اضطرابی و وسواسی در کودکان می‌تواند اهمیت زیادی داشته باشد.   2 Objectives The aim of the study was to compare personality traits and psychopathology in three groups of mothers of children with Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and healthy group. Methods This research was designed as a cross-sectional descriptive study. Participants were comprised of 93 mothers (35 in anxiety group, 27 in obsessive group, and 31 in healthy group) which were selected by available sampling. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID-I) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-60) were administrated to measure the study variables. Results Results indicated that there is a significant difference (P<0.001) in the psychopathology of mothers under anxiety, obsession and healthy groups; however, this significant difference was not found between mothers in anxiety and obsession groups. Results also indicated a significant difference in mean scores of mothers in healthy group and mothers in anxiety and obsession groups especially neuroticism and openness to experience traits. Analysis of variance post hoc test showed that extraversion and openness to experience traits were significantly different in mothers of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder as compared to mothers of children with anxiety disorders and healthy group. Conclusion With reference to, psychopathology and neuroticism trait, findings showed that significant difference between mothers in anxiety and obsession group and mothers in healthy group. Thus, results of this study marked that considering parent’s psychopathology in prevention and treatment of anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders in children may be of great importance.   164 175 2018/01/72017/08/92017/10/152018/02/72017/09/12 1396/6/21 2018/07/242018/01/282018/03/42018/05/92017/12/24 1396/10/3 امین سهراب زاده فرد Amin Sohrabzadeh Fard گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت روان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران، تهران، ایران ایران میترا حکیم شوشتری Mitra Hakim Shooshtari گروه روانشناسی بالینی دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان(انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت روان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران، تهران، ایران ایران E-mail: mitra_hakim2000@yahoo.com سحر علی بابا Sahar Alibaba گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان(انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت روان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران، تهران، ایران ایران Mothers Children Anxiety Disorders Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Psychopathology Personality کودکان اختلالات اضطرابی اختلال وسواسی جبری آسیب روانی مادران شخصیت مادران Smith AM, Flannery-Schroeder EC, Gorman KS, Cook N. Parent cognitive-behavioral intervention for the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders: A pilot study. Be-haviour Research and Therapy. 2014; 61:156-61. [DOI:10.1016/j.brat.2014.08.010] [PMID]##Lebowitz ER, Omer H, Hermes H, Scahill L. Parent training for childhood anxiety disorders: the SPACE program. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. 2013; 21(4):456-69. [DOI:10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.10.004]##Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Synopsis of psychiatry. Classification in Psychiatry and Psychiatry Rating Scales. Philadelphia: Lippincot, Williams and Wilkins; 2003##Rueter MA, Scaramella L, Wallace LE, Conger RD. First onset of depressive or anxiety disorders predicted by the longitudinal course of internalizing symptoms and parent-adolescent disagreements. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1999; 56(8):726-32. [DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.56.8.726] [PMID]##American Psychiatric Association. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM 5. Virginia: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.##Freeman JB, Choate-Summers ML, Moore PS, Garcia AM, Sapyta JJ, Leonard HL, et al. Cognitive behavioral treatment for young children with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry. 2007; 61(3):337-43. [DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.12.015] [PMID] [PMCID]##Barrett P, Farrell L, Dadds M, Boulter N. Cognitive-behavioral family treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder: Long-term follow-up and predictors of outcome. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2005; 44(10):1005-14. [DOI:10.1097/01.chi.0000172555.26349.94] [PMID]##Barton R, Heyman I. Obsessive–compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. Paediatrics and Child Health. 2016; 26(12):527-33. [DOI:10.1016/j.paed.2016.08.011]##Hill C, Waite P, Creswell C. Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Paediatrics and Child Health. 2016; 26(12):548-53. [DOI:10.1016/j.paed.2016.08.007]##Rockhill C, Kodish I, DiBattisto C, Macias M, Varley C, Ryan S. Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care. 2010; 40(4):66-99. [DOI:10.1016/j.cppeds.2010.02.002] [PMID]##Hudson JL, Rapee RM. Parent–child interactions and anxiety disorders: An observational study. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2001; 39(12):1411-27. [DOI:10.1016/S0005-7967(00)00107-8]##Van Der Bruggen CO, Stams GJ, Bögels SM. Research review: The relation between child and parent anxiety and parental control: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2008; 49(12):1257-69. [DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01898.x] [PMID]##Nordahl HM, Ingul JM, Nordvik H, Wells A. Does maternal psychopathology discriminate between children with DSM-IV generalised anxiety disorder or opposition-al defiant disorder? The predictive validity of maternal axis I and axis II psychopathology. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007; 16(2):87-95. [DOI:10.1007/s00787-006-0578-8] [PMID]##Berg-Nielsen TS, Vikan A, Dahl AA. Parenting related to child and parental psychopathology: A descriptive review of the literature. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2002; 7(4):529-52. [DOI:10.1177/1359104502007004006]##Ginsburg GS, Siqueland L, Masia-Warner C, Hedtke KA. Anxiety disorders in children: Family matters. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. 2005; 11(1):28-43. [DOI:10.1016/S1077-7229(04)80005-1]##Cobham VE, Dadds MR, Spence SH. The role of parental anxiety in the treatment of childhood anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1998; 66(6):893. [DOI:10.1037/0022-006X.66.6.893] [PMID]##Liakopoulou M, Korlou S, Sakellariou K, Kondyli V, Kapsimali E, Sarafidou J, et al. The psychopathology of parents of children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychopathology. 2010; 43(4):209-15. [DOI:10.1159/000313518] [PMID]##McClure EB, Brennan PA, Hammen C, Le Brocque RM. Parental anxiety disorders, child anxiety disorders, and the perceived parent–child relationship in an Australi-an high-risk sample. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2001; 29(1):1-10. [DOI:10.1023/A:1005260311313] [PMID]##Pervin LA, Cervone DJ. Personality, theory and research. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 2005.##Huver RM, Otten R, de Vries H, Engels RC. Personality and parenting style in parents of adolescents. Journal of Adolescence. 2010; 33(3):395-402. [DOI:10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.07.012] [PMID]##Vreeke LJ, Muris P. Relations between behavioral inhibition, big five personality factors, and anxiety disorder symptoms in non-clinical and clinically anxious chil-dren. Child Psychiatry & Human Development. 2012; 43(6):884-94. [DOI:10.1007/s10578-012-0302-5] [PMID] [PMCID]##Möller EL, Nikolić M, Majdandžić M, Bögels SM. Associations between maternal and paternal parenting behaviors, anxiety and its precursors in early childhood: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review. 2016; 45:17-33. [DOI:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.002] [PMID]##Najmi SB, Hassanzadeh A. [On the relationship between personality traits of parents and type of the behavioral disorders of children (Persian)]. Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2010; 12(46):522-33. [DOI:10.22038/jfmh.2010.1092]##Sharifi V, Asadi SM, Mohammadi MR, Amini H, Kaviani H, Semnani Y et al. [Reliability and capability of administration of Persian version of SCID for DSM-IV (Persian)]. Advances in Cognitive Sciences. 2004; 6(1-2):10-22.##Waters AM, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Farrell LJ. The relationships of child and parent factors with children's anxiety symptoms: Parental anxious rearing as a mediator. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2012; 26(7):737-45 [DOI:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.06.002] [PMID]##Kerns KA, Brumariu LE. Is insecure parent–child attachment a risk factor for the development of anxiety in childhood or adolescence?. Child Development Perspectives. 2014; 8(1):12-7. [DOI:10.1111/cdep.12054] [PMID] [PMCID]##Joshanloo M, Daemi F, Bakhshi A, Nazemi S, Ghafari Z. [Construct validity of NEO-personality inventory-revised in Iran (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2010; 16(3):220-30.##Waters AM, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Farrell LJ. The relationships of child and parent factors with children's anxiety symptoms: Parental anxious rearing as a mediator. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2012; 26(7):737-45. [DOI:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.06.002] [PMID]##Goodman R, Ford T, Meltzer H. Mental health problems of children in the community: 18 month follow up. BMJ. 2002; 324(7352):1496-7. [DOI:10.1136/bmj.324.7352.1496] [PMID] [PMCID]##Wood JJ, McLeod BD, Sigman M, Hwang WC, Chu BC. Parenting and childhood anxiety: Theory, empirical findings, and future directions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2003; 44(1):134-51.##Schleider JL, Ginsburg GS, Keeton CP, Weisz JR, Birmaher B, Kendall PC, et al. Parental psychopathology and treatment outcome for anxious youth: roles of family functioning and caregiver strain. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015; 83(1):213. [DOI:10.1037/a0037935] [PMID] [PMCID]##Pirnia B, Rasoulzadeh Tabatabaei SK, Pirkhaefi A, Soleimani A. [Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Cognitive-Behavioral and Mother-Child Interactive Therapies on Anxiety of Children With Under-Methadone Treatment Mother (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2017; 23(2):136-47. [DOI:10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.2.136]##Cobham VE, Filus A, Sanders MR. Working with parents to treat anxiety-disordered children: A proof of concept RCT evaluating Fear-less Triple P. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2017; 95: 128-38. [DOI:10.1016/j.brat.2017.06.004] [PMID]##Smith AM, Flannery-Schroeder EC, Gorman KS, Cook N. Parent cognitive-behavioral intervention for the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders: A pilot study. Be-haviour Research and Therapy. 2014; 61:156-61. [DOI:10.1016/j.brat.2014.08.010] [PMID]##Lebowitz ER, Omer H, Hermes H, Scahill L. Parent training for childhood anxiety disorders: the SPACE program. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. 2013; 21(4):456-69. [DOI:10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.10.004]##Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Synopsis of psychiatry. Classification in Psychiatry and Psychiatry Rating Scales. Philadelphia: Lippincot, Williams and Wilkins; 2003##Rueter MA, Scaramella L, Wallace LE, Conger RD. First onset of depressive or anxiety disorders predicted by the longitudinal course of internalizing symptoms and parent-adolescent disagreements. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1999; 56(8):726-32. [DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.56.8.726] [PMID]##American Psychiatric Association. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM 5. Virginia: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.##Freeman JB, Choate-Summers ML, Moore PS, Garcia AM, Sapyta JJ, Leonard HL, et al. Cognitive behavioral treatment for young children with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry. 2007; 61(3):337-43. [DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.12.015] [PMID] [PMCID]##Barrett P, Farrell L, Dadds M, Boulter N. Cognitive-behavioral family treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder: Long-term follow-up and predictors of outcome. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2005; 44(10):1005-14. [DOI:10.1097/01.chi.0000172555.26349.94] [PMID]##Barton R, Heyman I. Obsessive–compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. Paediatrics and Child Health. 2016; 26(12):527-33. [DOI:10.1016/j.paed.2016.08.011]##Hill C, Waite P, Creswell C. Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Paediatrics and Child Health. 2016; 26(12):548-53. [DOI:10.1016/j.paed.2016.08.007]##Rockhill C, Kodish I, DiBattisto C, Macias M, Varley C, Ryan S. Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care. 2010; 40(4):66-99. [DOI:10.1016/j.cppeds.2010.02.002] [PMID]##Hudson JL, Rapee RM. Parent–child interactions and anxiety disorders: An observational study. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2001; 39(12):1411-27. [DOI:10.1016/S0005-7967(00)00107-8]##Van Der Bruggen CO, Stams GJ, Bögels SM. Research review: The relation between child and parent anxiety and parental control: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2008; 49(12):1257-69. [DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01898.x] [PMID]##Nordahl HM, Ingul JM, Nordvik H, Wells A. Does maternal psychopathology discriminate between children with DSM-IV generalised anxiety disorder or opposition-al defiant disorder? The predictive validity of maternal axis I and axis II psychopathology. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007; 16(2):87-95. [DOI:10.1007/s00787-006-0578-8] [PMID]##Berg-Nielsen TS, Vikan A, Dahl AA. Parenting related to child and parental psychopathology: A descriptive review of the literature. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2002; 7(4):529-52. [DOI:10.1177/1359104502007004006]##Ginsburg GS, Siqueland L, Masia-Warner C, Hedtke KA. Anxiety disorders in children: Family matters. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. 2005; 11(1):28-43. [DOI:10.1016/S1077-7229(04)80005-1]##Cobham VE, Dadds MR, Spence SH. The role of parental anxiety in the treatment of childhood anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1998; 66(6):893. [DOI:10.1037/0022-006X.66.6.893] [PMID]##Liakopoulou M, Korlou S, Sakellariou K, Kondyli V, Kapsimali E, Sarafidou J, et al. The psychopathology of parents of children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychopathology. 2010; 43(4):209-15. [DOI:10.1159/000313518] [PMID]##McClure EB, Brennan PA, Hammen C, Le Brocque RM. Parental anxiety disorders, child anxiety disorders, and the perceived parent–child relationship in an Australi-an high-risk sample. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2001; 29(1):1-10. [DOI:10.1023/A:1005260311313] [PMID]##Pervin LA, Cervone DJ. Personality, theory and research. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 2005.##Huver RM, Otten R, de Vries H, Engels RC. Personality and parenting style in parents of adolescents. Journal of Adolescence. 2010; 33(3):395-402. [DOI:10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.07.012] [PMID]##Vreeke LJ, Muris P. Relations between behavioral inhibition, big five personality factors, and anxiety disorder symptoms in non-clinical and clinically anxious chil-dren. Child Psychiatry & Human Development. 2012; 43(6):884-94. [DOI:10.1007/s10578-012-0302-5] [PMID] [PMCID]##Möller EL, Nikolić M, Majdandžić M, Bögels SM. Associations between maternal and paternal parenting behaviors, anxiety and its precursors in early childhood: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review. 2016; 45:17-33. [DOI:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.002] [PMID]##Najmi SB, Hassanzadeh A. [On the relationship between personality traits of parents and type of the behavioral disorders of children (Persian)]. Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2010; 12(46):522-33. [DOI:10.22038/jfmh.2010.1092]##Sharifi V, Asadi SM, Mohammadi MR, Amini H, Kaviani H, Semnani Y et al. [Reliability and capability of administration of Persian version of SCID for DSM-IV (Persian)]. Advances in Cognitive Sciences. 2004; 6(1-2):10-22.##Waters AM, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Farrell LJ. The relationships of child and parent factors with children's anxiety symptoms: Parental anxious rearing as a mediator. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2012; 26(7):737-45 [DOI:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.06.002] [PMID]##Kerns KA, Brumariu LE. Is insecure parent–child attachment a risk factor for the development of anxiety in childhood or adolescence?. Child Development Perspectives. 2014; 8(1):12-7. [DOI:10.1111/cdep.12054] [PMID] [PMCID]##Joshanloo M, Daemi F, Bakhshi A, Nazemi S, Ghafari Z. [Construct validity of NEO-personality inventory-revised in Iran (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2010; 16(3):220-30.##Waters AM, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Farrell LJ. The relationships of child and parent factors with children's anxiety symptoms: Parental anxious rearing as a mediator. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2012; 26(7):737-45. [DOI:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.06.002] [PMID]##Goodman R, Ford T, Meltzer H. Mental health problems of children in the community: 18 month follow up. BMJ. 2002; 324(7352):1496-7. [DOI:10.1136/bmj.324.7352.1496] [PMID] [PMCID]##Wood JJ, McLeod BD, Sigman M, Hwang WC, Chu BC. Parenting and childhood anxiety: Theory, empirical findings, and future directions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2003; 44(1):134-51.##Schleider JL, Ginsburg GS, Keeton CP, Weisz JR, Birmaher B, Kendall PC, et al. Parental psychopathology and treatment outcome for anxious youth: roles of family functioning and caregiver strain. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2015; 83(1):213. [DOI:10.1037/a0037935] [PMID] [PMCID]##Pirnia B, Rasoulzadeh Tabatabaei SK, Pirkhaefi A, Soleimani A. [Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Cognitive-Behavioral and Mother-Child Interactive Therapies on Anxiety of Children With Under-Methadone Treatment Mother (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2017; 23(2):136-47. [DOI:10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.2.136]##Cobham VE, Filus A, Sanders MR. Working with parents to treat anxiety-disordered children: A proof of concept RCT evaluating Fear-less Triple P. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2017; 95: 128-38. [DOI:10.1016/j.brat.2017.06.004] [PMID]## ##

حمایت اجتماعی، مسئولیت پذیری و اهمالکاری شغلی: نقش میانجی گرانه ارضای نیازهای بنیادین روانشناختی Social Support, Responsibility, and Organizational Procrastination: A Mediator Role for Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction 1 1 اهداف پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش میانجی‌گرانه ارضای نیازهای بنیادین روان‌شناختی در رابطه بین حمایت اجتماعی و مسئولیت‌پذیری با اهمال‌کاری شغلی مشاوران مدارس انجام شد. مواد و روش ها روش این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی همبستگی است. تمام مشاوران مدارس شهر سبزوار به روش سرشماری انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای استفاده‌شده در این پژوهش پرسش‌نامه حمایت اجتماعی واکس و همکاران، پرسش‌نامه اهمال‌کاری شغلی تاکمن، خرده‌مقیاس مسئولیت‌پذیری پرسش‌نامه روان‌شناختی کالیفرنیا و پرسش‌نامه ارضای نیازهای بنیادی در روابط بودند. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای آماری SPSS نسخه 23 و AMOS نسخه 22 و به روش تحلیل معادلات ساختاری تحلیل شد. یافته ها بین مؤلفه‌های حمایت اجتماعی با اهمال‌کاری شغلی رابطه منفی معنی‌داری وجود دارد (05/0>P). نقش میانجی‌گرانه نیازهای بنیادین روان‌شناختی در رابطه بین حمایت اجتماعی با اهمال‌کاری شغلی تأیید شد (05/0>P)، ولی نقش میانجی‌گرانه نیازهای بنیادین روان‌شناختی در رابطه بین مسئولیت‌پذیری با اهمال‌کاری شغلی تأیید نشد. نتیجه گیری نیازهای بنیادین روان‌شناختی نقش میانجی‌گرانه معنی‌داری در رابطه بین حمایت اجتماعی با اهمال‌کاری شغلی مشاوران ایفا می‌کند.   2 Objectives This study examined basic psychological needs satisfaction (i.e. the need for autonomy, competence and relatedness) as a mediator between social support, responsibility and organizational procrastination among school counselors. Methods A descriptive correlational study design was used. Using the census method, all the school counselors of Sabzevar were selected. The subjects completed the Vaux Social Support Appraisals Scale (SS-A), Tuckman Procrastination Scale (TPS), responsibility subscale of the California Personality Inventory (CPI) and the Basic Needs Satisfaction in Relationships Scale. Results There is a statistically significant negative relationship between components of social support and organizational procrastination (P<0.05). Structural equation modeling analysis indicates that satisfaction of basic psychological needs mediates the relationship between social support and organizational procrastination (P<0.05). The mediator role of basic psychological needs satisfaction in the relationship between responsibility and organizational procrastination was not confirmed.  Conclusion Basic psychological needs satisfaction play a significant mediating role in the relationship between social support and organizational procrastination of the school counselors.   176 189 2018/01/72017/08/92017/10/152018/02/72017/09/122017/06/30 1396/4/9 2018/07/242018/01/282018/03/42018/05/92017/12/242018/03/12 1396/12/21 پروانه عمارلو Parvaneh Amarloo گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد نیشابور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نیشابور، ایران ایران حسین شاره Hossein Shareh گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران ایران E-mail: hsharreh@yahoo.com.au Need Social support Responsibility Procrastination نیاز حمایت اجتماعی مسئولیت پذیری اهمالکاری Schouwenburg HC. Procrastination in academic settings: General Introduction. In Schouwenburg HC, Lay CH, Pychyl TA, Ferrari JR, editors. 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Dissertation]. Tabriz: Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University; 2011.##Öksüz, Y., & Güven, E. The relationship between psychological resilience and procrastination levels of teacher candidates. Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014; 11(6):3189–93. [DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.732]##de la Fuente J, Sander P, Martínez-Vicente JM, Vera M, Garzón A, Fadda S. Combined effect of levels in personal self-regulation and regulatory teaching on meta-cognitive, on meta-motivational, and on academic achievement variables in undergraduate students. Frontiers in Psychology. 2017; 8:232. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00232]##Miller LM. The interrelationship between social support and post-trauma symptoms in the aftermath of a severe motor vehicle accident. Buffalo, New York: State University of New York at Buffalo; 2007.##Taleghani GhR, Divandari A, Shir Mohammadi M. [The effictiveness of perceived support as organizational on employee commitment and organizational performance: A study in branches of Bank Mellat in Tehran (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Management Sciences. 2009; 4(16):1-25.##Riggle RJ, Edmondson DR, Hansen JD. Meta analysis of the relationship between perceived organizational support and job outcomes, 20 years of research. Journal of Business Research. 2009; 62(10): 1027-30. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.05.003]##Gerard JM, Landry Meyer L, Roe JG. Grandparents raising grandchildren the role of social support in coping with caregiving challenges. International Journal of Aging & Human Development. 2006; 62(4): 359-83. [DOI:10.2190/3796-DMB2-546Q-Y4AQ] [PMID]##Davis NJ, Stasz C. Social control of deviance: A critical perspective.New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company; 1990.##Sarafino EP, Smith TW. Health psychology: Biopsychosocial interactions.NewYork: John Wiley & Sons; 2014 Jan 13.##Çivitci A. The moderating role of positive and negative affect on the relationship between perceived social support and stress in college students. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practise. 2015; 15(3): 25-53. [DOI:10.12738/estp.2015.3.2553]##Gharabagi H. [The relationships between traits character and job satisfaction among Iran tractor plant employees (Persian) [MSc. Dissertation]. Tabriz: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; 2003.##Beikzad J, Hoseinpour A, Hejazi Bavil M. [A survey on the relationship between responsibility and job satisfaction of nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Persian)]. Journal of Hospital. 2014; 13(1):53-60.##Soheili H. [Examine the relationship between self-actualization responsibility, locus of control and creativity among graduate students in Ahvaz city (Persian)] [MSc. Dissertation]. Ahvaz: Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz; 2008.##Glasser W. Management without coercion (selection theory in human resource management [Shabi A, Persian trans.]. Tehran: SayehSokhan Publication; 2011.##Ghasemipour Y, Bahrami H, Abaspour S, Poursharifi H. [The effectiveness of motivational interviewing on satisfying basic psychological needs among patients under Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) (Persian)]. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2011; 3(2):43-54. .##Deci E, Ryan RM. Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media; 19851. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7] [PMID]##Deci EL, Ryan RM. Levels of analysis, regnant causes of behavior and well- being: The role of psychological needs. Psychological Inquiry. 2011; 22; 17–22. [DOI:10.1080/1047840X.2011.545978]##Deci EL, Ryan RM, Gagne M, Leone DR, Usunov J, Kornazheva BP. Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former eastern bloc country: A cross-ultural study of self-determination. 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[Standardized for Takman procrastination scale of students (Persian)] [MSc. Dissertation]. Roodehen: Roodehen University of Medical Sciences; 2002.##Broeck A, Vansteenkiste M, Witte H, Soenens B, Lens W. Capturing autonomy, competence, and relatedness at work: Construction and initial validation of the Work-related Basic Need Satisfaction scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 2010; 83(4):981–1002. [DOI:10.1348/096317909x481382]##Ghorbani N, Watson PJ. [Self-knowledge processes and rational and experiential information processing systems in Iran and the United States (Persian)]. Developmental Psychology. 2005; 5:3-14.##Marnat GG. Handbook of psychological assessment for clinical psychologists, Counselors and psychotherapists [Pashasharifi H, Nikkhoo MR, Persian trans.]. Tehran: Sokhan; 2014. [PMID]##Faramarzi f. 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[DOI:10.1177/0013164492052004025]##Rio JM. Motivational and emotional [Seid Mohammadi Y, Persian trans.]. Tehran: Virayesh; 2015.##Schouwenburg HC. Procrastination in academic settings: General Introduction. In Schouwenburg HC, Lay CH, Pychyl TA, Ferrari JR, editors. Counseling the procrastinator in academic settings. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association; 2004.##https://doi.org/10.1037/10808-001##Badri Gargari R, Fathiazar E, Mohammadi N. [The relationship between self-forgiveness and positive and negative emotions with academic procrastination in third grade high school students (Persian)]. Journal of School Psychology. 2014; 3(1):6-21.##Wohl MJ, Pychyl TA, Bennett SH. I forgive myself, now I can study: How self-forgiveness for procrastinating can reduce future procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences. 2010; 48(7):803-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2010.01.029]##Steel P. The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin. 2013; 133(1): 65-94. [DOI:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65] [PMID]##Ahmadi Z. [The role of goal orientation and motivational beliefs in academic procrastination among third year high school students in Tabriz (Persian)] [MSc. Dissertation]. Tabriz: Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University; 2011.##Öksüz, Y., & Güven, E. The relationship between psychological resilience and procrastination levels of teacher candidates. Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014; 11(6):3189–93. [DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.732]##de la Fuente J, Sander P, Martínez-Vicente JM, Vera M, Garzón A, Fadda S. Combined effect of levels in personal self-regulation and regulatory teaching on meta-cognitive, on meta-motivational, and on academic achievement variables in undergraduate students. Frontiers in Psychology. 2017; 8:232. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00232]##Miller LM. The interrelationship between social support and post-trauma symptoms in the aftermath of a severe motor vehicle accident. Buffalo, New York: State University of New York at Buffalo; 2007.##Taleghani GhR, Divandari A, Shir Mohammadi M. [The effictiveness of perceived support as organizational on employee commitment and organizational performance: A study in branches of Bank Mellat in Tehran (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Management Sciences. 2009; 4(16):1-25.##Riggle RJ, Edmondson DR, Hansen JD. Meta analysis of the relationship between perceived organizational support and job outcomes, 20 years of research. Journal of Business Research. 2009; 62(10): 1027-30. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.05.003]##Gerard JM, Landry Meyer L, Roe JG. Grandparents raising grandchildren the role of social support in coping with caregiving challenges. International Journal of Aging & Human Development. 2006; 62(4): 359-83. [DOI:10.2190/3796-DMB2-546Q-Y4AQ] [PMID]##Davis NJ, Stasz C. Social control of deviance: A critical perspective.New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company; 1990.##Sarafino EP, Smith TW. Health psychology: Biopsychosocial interactions.NewYork: John Wiley & Sons; 2014 Jan 13.##Çivitci A. The moderating role of positive and negative affect on the relationship between perceived social support and stress in college students. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practise. 2015; 15(3): 25-53. [DOI:10.12738/estp.2015.3.2553]##Gharabagi H. [The relationships between traits character and job satisfaction among Iran tractor plant employees (Persian) [MSc. Dissertation]. Tabriz: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; 2003.##Beikzad J, Hoseinpour A, Hejazi Bavil M. [A survey on the relationship between responsibility and job satisfaction of nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Persian)]. Journal of Hospital. 2014; 13(1):53-60.##Soheili H. [Examine the relationship between self-actualization responsibility, locus of control and creativity among graduate students in Ahvaz city (Persian)] [MSc. Dissertation]. Ahvaz: Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz; 2008.##Glasser W. Management without coercion (selection theory in human resource management [Shabi A, Persian trans.]. Tehran: SayehSokhan Publication; 2011.##Ghasemipour Y, Bahrami H, Abaspour S, Poursharifi H. [The effectiveness of motivational interviewing on satisfying basic psychological needs among patients under Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) (Persian)]. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2011; 3(2):43-54. .##Deci E, Ryan RM. Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media; 19851. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7] [PMID]##Deci EL, Ryan RM. Levels of analysis, regnant causes of behavior and well- being: The role of psychological needs. Psychological Inquiry. 2011; 22; 17–22. [DOI:10.1080/1047840X.2011.545978]##Deci EL, Ryan RM, Gagne M, Leone DR, Usunov J, Kornazheva BP. Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former eastern bloc country: A cross-ultural study of self-determination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2000; 27(8): 930. [DOI:10.1177/0146167201278002]##Fathi A, Rezapoor Y, Yaghooti Azar Sh. [The relationship between basic needs and social support with social adjustment among male and female students (Persian)]. The Journal of Social Studies. 2010; 25: 133-146.##Vaux A, Phillips J, Holly L, Thomson B, Williams D, Stewart D. The Social Support Appraisals (SSA) scale: Studies of reliability and validity. American Journal of Community Psychology . 1986; 14(2):195–218.[DOI:10.1007/BF00911821]##Meshak R. [Comparison of irrational beliefs, social support and social anxiety of girl students with employed mothers and unemployed among high school in Azhvaz (Persian)] [MSc. Dissertation]. Ahvaz: Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz; 2006.##Woody D, Woody DJ. The significance of social support on parenting among a group of single, low-income, African American mothers. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment. 2007; 15(2-3):183–98. [DOI:10.1300/J137v15n02_11]##Asgari P, Sharafoddin H. [Relationship of social anxiety, hope and social support with subjective well-being in complementary education students of Khoozestan Research's and Science Center (Persian)]. Journal of Social Psychology (New Findings in Psychology). 2009; 3(9):25-36. .##Tuckman BW. The development and concurrent validity of the procrastination scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 1991; 51(2):473-80. [DOI:10.1177/0013164491512022]##Akinsola MK, Tella A, Tella A. Correlates of academic procrastination and mathematics achievement of university undergraduate students. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education. 2007; 3(4):363-70. [DOI:10.12973/ejmste/75415]##Lee E. The relationship of motivation and flow experience to academic procrastination in university students. The Journal of Genetic Psychology. 2005; 166(1):5-15. [DOI:10.3200/GNTP.166.1.5-15] [PMID]##Bayat M. [Standardized for Takman procrastination scale of students (Persian)] [MSc. Dissertation]. Roodehen: Roodehen University of Medical Sciences; 2002.##Broeck A, Vansteenkiste M, Witte H, Soenens B, Lens W. Capturing autonomy, competence, and relatedness at work: Construction and initial validation of the Work-related Basic Need Satisfaction scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 2010; 83(4):981–1002. [DOI:10.1348/096317909x481382]##Ghorbani N, Watson PJ. [Self-knowledge processes and rational and experiential information processing systems in Iran and the United States (Persian)]. Developmental Psychology. 2005; 5:3-14.##Marnat GG. Handbook of psychological assessment for clinical psychologists, Counselors and psychotherapists [Pashasharifi H, Nikkhoo MR, Persian trans.]. Tehran: Sokhan; 2014. [PMID]##Faramarzi f. [The effectiveness of life skills training on anxiety reduction and increase accountability on addicted to represent the well-being Soleiman Masjed (Persian)] [MSc. Dissertation]. Ahvaz: Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz; 2005.##Megargee E.I. The California Psychological Inventory Handbook. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc Pub, 1972.##Pasha GhR, Goodarzian M. [The relationship between identity and moral growth with responsibility of students (Persian)]. Journal of Social Psychology. 2008; 2(8): 87-99.##Atef Vahid MK, Nasr Esfahani M, Fattolahi P, Shojaie MR. [Standardization of the Persian Version of the California Psychological Inventory (PCI) (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2006; 11(4):371-8.##Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using Multivariate statistics. Booston: Pearson Education; 2007. [PMCID]##Hsu S, Chung Huang K, Sue Huang K. The relative study of social support, job satisfaction and wellbeing of military instructors: The case of high schools' military instructors in Yunlin, Chiayi and Tainan Districts of Taiwan. The Journal of International Management Studies. 2015; 10(1): 41-9.##Asgari P, Naderi F, Hikel K. [The relationship between personality characteristics and social support and job satisfaction among female teachers City Ahvaz (Persian)]. Women and Culture. 2012; 1(1):69-80.##Riggle RJ, Edmondson DR, Hansen JD. A meta-analysis of the relationship between perceived organizational support and job outcomes: 20 years of research. Journal of Business Research. 2009; 62(10):1027-30. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.05.003]##Erdogan B, Enders J. Support from the top: Supervisors' perceived organizational support as a moderator of leader-member exchange to satisfaction and performance relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2007; 92(2):321-30 [DOI:10.1037/0021-9010.92.2.321] [PMID]##Hosseinzadeh AH, Bahrami Nezad Z, Frootan Kia Sh. [The effect of social support, emotional and strong links to public health (The case of high school students in the boarding area Sardasht Dezful) (Persian)]. Journal of Social Sciences. 2012; 17(6): 146-64.##Mazlo A. Motivation and personality [Rezvani A, Persian trans]. Mashhad: Astan-e Qods-e Razavi Pub; 2011.##Kwong EW, Kwan AY. Stress-management methods of the community-dwelling elderly in Hong Kong: Implications for tailoring a stress-reduction program. Geriatric Nursing. 2004; 25(2):102-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2004.02.007] [PMID]##Karimi E, Mousavi M, Aiieni H. [The relationship between accountability and social anomie (negligence) among Employees of Rural Cooperative in Kurdistan (Persian). 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اعتباریابی مدل صفات چهارگانه تاریک شخصیت Validating the Dark Tetrad Personality Model 1 1 اهداف مدل صفات چهارگانه تاریک شخصیت، فرمول‌بندی جدیدتری از شخصیت ناسازگارانه است که پس از مدل صفات سه‌گانه تاریک شخصیت مطرح شده است و به ترکیب صفات خودشیفتگی، ماکیاولیسم، جامعه‌ستیزی، متغیر چهارم را با عنوان دیگرآزاری اضافه کرده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اعتبار مدل صفات چهارگانه‌ تاریک شخصیت در نمونه ایرانی بود. مواد و روش‌ها این مطالعه به صورت مقطعی روی 500 دانشجوی کارشناسی در سال تحصیلی 96-95 انجام شد. نمونه پژوهش با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای انتخاب و با مقیاس دوجین کثیف و مقیاس کوتاه تکانش دیگرآزاری ارزیابی شد. داده‌های گردآوری‌شده با نرم‌افزار‌های spss نسخه 22 و نرم‌افزار لیزرل نسخه 8 تحلیل شدند.‌ به منظور آزمون روایی سازه مدل صفات چهارگانه‌ تاریک شخصیت از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی استفاده شد یافته ها نتایج روایی سازه نشانگر تأیید ساختار چهارعاملی مدل و برازش خوب آن با داده‌های حاصل بود. ضرایب باز آزمایی برای کل مقیاس و مؤلفه‌ها در دامنه‌ای بین 76/0 تا 84/0 قرار داشت که نشانگر پایایی آزمون بود. ضریب همسانی درونی برای کل مدل و نیز خرده‌مقیاس‌ها بین 68/0 تا 88/0 به دست آمد که نشانگر انسجام درونی آزمون بود. نتیجه گیری مدل صفات چهارگانه‌ تاریک شخصیت در نمونه ایرانی مورد تأیید بوده و برازش مطلوبی دارد. 2 Objectives Dark tetrad personality traits model is a new formulation of maladaptive personality that was introduced after dark triad personality and has added sadism component to Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy constellation. The current research aimed to study the validity of Dark tetrad personality traits model among Iranian population. Methods This cross-sectional study was implemented on 500 undergraduate university students in the academic year 2016-17. Samples were selected using stratified sampling method and were assessed by Dirty Dozen Scale and Short Sadistic Impulse Scale (SSIS). Results Test of construct validity of Dark tetrad personality traits model used for confirmatory factor analysis showed that it had a good fitness to data. Also, test-retest correlation coefficients for the total scale and its subscales ranged from 0.76 to 0.84. Internal consistency for the total scale and its subscales ranged from 0.68 to 0.88. Conclusion Dark tetrad personality traits model is confirmed among Iranian sample and has a good fitness to data.   190 201 2018/01/72017/08/92017/10/152018/02/72017/09/122017/06/302017/09/28 1396/7/6 2018/07/242018/01/282018/03/42018/05/92017/12/242018/03/122018/05/7 1397/2/17 رحیم یوسفی Rahim Yousefi گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران ایران E-mail: yousefi@azaruniv.ac.ir آیسان ایمان زاد Aysan Imanzad گروه روانشناسی بالینی، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران ایران Dark tetrad Personality Machiavellianism Narcissism Psychopathy Sadism صفات تاریک شخصیت ماکیاولیسم خودشیفتگی جامعه ستیزی دیگرآزاری Yousefi R, Piri F. [Psychometric properties of Persian version of dirty dozen scale (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2016; 22(1):67-76.##Zeigler-Hill V, Marcus DK. The dark side of personality: Science and practice in social, personality, and clinical psychology. Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association; 2016. [DOI:10.1037/14854-000] [PMCID]##Paulhus DL, Williams KM. The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality. 2002; 36(6):556-63. [DOI:10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6]##Zeigler-Hill V, Enjaian B, Essa L. The role of narcissistic personality features in sexual aggression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 2013; 32(2):186–99. [DOI:10.1521/jscp.2013.32.2.186]##Mouilso ER, Calhoun KS. A mediation model of the role of sociosexuality in the associations between narcissism, psychopathy, and sexual aggression. Psychology of Violence. 2012; 2(1):16–27. [DOI:10.1037/a0026217]##Morf CC, Rhodewalt F. Expanding the dynamic self-regulatory processing model of narcissism: Research directions for the future. Psychologi Inquiry. 2001; 12(4):243–51. [DOI:10.1207/S15327965PLI1204_3]##Rauthmann JF. The Dark triad and interpersonal perception: Similarities and differences in the social consequences of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Social Psychological and Personality Science. 2012; 3(4):487–96. [DOI:10.1177/1948550611427608]##Patrick CJ, Fowles DC, Krueger RF. Triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy: Developmental origins of disinhibition, boldness, and meanness. Development and Psychopathology. 2009; 21(3):913–38. [DOI:10.1017/S0954579409000492] [PMID]##Rauthmann JF, & Kolar GP. The perceived attractiveness and traits of the dark triad: Narcissists are perceived as hot, Machiavellians and psychopaths not. Personality and Individual Differences. 2013; 54(5):582–6. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.005]##Arvan M. Bad news for conservatives? Moral judgments and the Dark Triad personality traits: A correlational study. Neuroethics. 2013; 6(1):51–64. [DOI:10.1007/s12152-012-9155-7]##Jones DN, Paulhus DL. Differentiating the dark triad within the interpersonal circumplex. In: Horowitz LM, Strack S, editors. Handbook of interpersonal psychology: Theory, research, assessment, and therapeutic interventions. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; 2011. [PMID]##Buckels EE, Jones DN, Paulhus DL. Behavioral confrmation of everyday sadism. Psychological Science. 2013; 24(11):2201–9. [DOI:10.1177/0956797613490749] [PMID]##Chabrol H, Van Leeuwen N, Rodgers R, Séjourné N. Contributions of psychopathic, narcissistic, Machiavellian, and sadistic personality traits to juvenile delinquency. Personality and Individual Differences. 2009; 47(7):734–9. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.020]##Pinker S. The better angels of our nature: Why violence has declined. New York: Viking; 2011.##Raskin R, Hall CS. A Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Psychological Reports. 1979; 45(2):590-9. [DOI:10.2466/pr0.1979.45.2.590] [PMID]##Hare RD. The hare psychopathy checklist-revised (PCL-R). Toronto, Ontario: Multi Health Systems; 1991.##Christie R, Geis FL. Studies in Machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press; 1970.##Jonason PK, Webster GD. The dirfy dozen: A concise measure ofthe dark triad. Psychological Assessment. 2010; 22(2):420-32. [DOI:10.1037/a0019265] [PMID]##O'Meara A, Davies J, Hammond S. The psychometric properties andutility of the Short Sadistic Impulse Scale (SSIS). Psychological Assessment. 2011; 23(2):523–31. [DOI:10.1037/a0022400] [PMID]##Hafeznia MR. [An introduction to methodology in human sciences (Persian)]. Tehran: SAMT; 2010.##Yousefi R. The study psychometric properties of Short Sadistic Impulse Scale (SSIS) in Iranian sample.(in press).##Yousefi R, Piri F. [Psychometric properties of Persian version of dirty dozen scale (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2016; 22(1):67-76.##Zeigler-Hill V, Marcus DK. The dark side of personality: Science and practice in social, personality, and clinical psychology. Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association; 2016. [DOI:10.1037/14854-000] [PMCID]##Paulhus DL, Williams KM. The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality. 2002; 36(6):556-63. [DOI:10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6]##Zeigler-Hill V, Enjaian B, Essa L. The role of narcissistic personality features in sexual aggression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 2013; 32(2):186–99. [DOI:10.1521/jscp.2013.32.2.186]##Mouilso ER, Calhoun KS. A mediation model of the role of sociosexuality in the associations between narcissism, psychopathy, and sexual aggression. Psychology of Violence. 2012; 2(1):16–27. [DOI:10.1037/a0026217]##Morf CC, Rhodewalt F. Expanding the dynamic self-regulatory processing model of narcissism: Research directions for the future. Psychologi Inquiry. 2001; 12(4):243–51. [DOI:10.1207/S15327965PLI1204_3]##Rauthmann JF. The Dark triad and interpersonal perception: Similarities and differences in the social consequences of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Social Psychological and Personality Science. 2012; 3(4):487–96. [DOI:10.1177/1948550611427608]##Patrick CJ, Fowles DC, Krueger RF. Triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy: Developmental origins of disinhibition, boldness, and meanness. Development and Psychopathology. 2009; 21(3):913–38. [DOI:10.1017/S0954579409000492] [PMID]##Rauthmann JF, & Kolar GP. The perceived attractiveness and traits of the dark triad: Narcissists are perceived as hot, Machiavellians and psychopaths not. Personality and Individual Differences. 2013; 54(5):582–6. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.005]##Arvan M. Bad news for conservatives? Moral judgments and the Dark Triad personality traits: A correlational study. Neuroethics. 2013; 6(1):51–64. [DOI:10.1007/s12152-012-9155-7]##Jones DN, Paulhus DL. Differentiating the dark triad within the interpersonal circumplex. In: Horowitz LM, Strack S, editors. Handbook of interpersonal psychology: Theory, research, assessment, and therapeutic interventions. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; 2011. [PMID]##Buckels EE, Jones DN, Paulhus DL. Behavioral confrmation of everyday sadism. Psychological Science. 2013; 24(11):2201–9. [DOI:10.1177/0956797613490749] [PMID]##Chabrol H, Van Leeuwen N, Rodgers R, Séjourné N. Contributions of psychopathic, narcissistic, Machiavellian, and sadistic personality traits to juvenile delinquency. Personality and Individual Differences. 2009; 47(7):734–9. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.020]##Pinker S. The better angels of our nature: Why violence has declined. New York: Viking; 2011.##Raskin R, Hall CS. A Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Psychological Reports. 1979; 45(2):590-9. [DOI:10.2466/pr0.1979.45.2.590] [PMID]##Hare RD. The hare psychopathy checklist-revised (PCL-R). Toronto, Ontario: Multi Health Systems; 1991.##Christie R, Geis FL. Studies in Machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press; 1970.##Jonason PK, Webster GD. The dirfy dozen: A concise measure ofthe dark triad. Psychological Assessment. 2010; 22(2):420-32. [DOI:10.1037/a0019265] [PMID]##O'Meara A, Davies J, Hammond S. The psychometric properties andutility of the Short Sadistic Impulse Scale (SSIS). Psychological Assessment. 2011; 23(2):523–31. [DOI:10.1037/a0022400] [PMID]##Hafeznia MR. [An introduction to methodology in human sciences (Persian)]. Tehran: SAMT; 2010.##Yousefi R. The study psychometric properties of Short Sadistic Impulse Scale (SSIS) in Iranian sample.(in press).## ##

نقش سرگشتگی ذهنی خودبه خود و عمدی و بهوشیاری زمینه ای در پیشبینی نشانه های وسواس دانشجویان The Role of Spontaneous Mind-Wandering and Dispositional Mindfulness in Predicting Obsession Symptoms in the College Students 1 1 اهداف هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی نقش سرگشتگی ذهنی خودبه‌خود و عمدی و بهوشیاری زمینه‌ای در پیش‌بینی نشانه‌های وسواس دانشجویان بود. مواد و روش ها در این تحقیق توصیفی، همبستگی و مقطعی، 391 نفر از دانشجویان دانشگاه تبریز به روش در دسترس انتخاب و وارد پژوهش شدند. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از پرسش‌نامه‌های وسواس فکری عملی مادزلی، پرسش‌نامه سرگشتگی ذهنی عمدی و خودبه‌خود و پرسش‌نامه بهوشیاری پنج‌وجهی ذهن‌آگاهی استفاده شد. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از روش پیرسون و رگرسیون چندگانه همزمان استفاده شد. یافته ها نتایج همبستگی نشان داد سرگشتگی ذهنی عمدی (05/0>P، 19/0r=)و سرگشتگی ذهنی خودبه‌خود (01/0>P، 64/0r=) با نشانه‌های وسواس رابطه مثبت و مستقیم دارد. از بین مؤلفه‌های بهوشیاری، مؤلفه‌های مشاهده (05/0>P، 11/0-r=)، عمل همراه با آگاهی (01/0>P، 41/0-r=)، عدم قضاوت به تجربه درونی (01/0>P، 50/0-r=) و عدم واکنش به تجربه درونی (01/0>P، 61/0-r=) با نشانه‌های وسواس رابطه منفی و معکوسی دارند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیون همزمان نشان می‌دهد که از بین مؤلفه‌های سرگشتگی ذهنی، تنها متغیر سرگشتگی ذهنی خودبه‌خود (01/0>P، 51/0(β=و از بین مؤلفه‌های بهوشیاری، عمل همراه با آگاهی، عدم قضاوت به تجربه درونی و عدم واکنش به تجربه درونی به ترتیب (20/0-(β=، (22/0-β=)، (41/0- (β=قادر به پیش‌بینی نشانه‌های وسواس هستند (01/0>P). نتیجه گیری یافته‌های این پژوهش بر نقش سرگشتگی ذهنی غیرعمدی و مؤلفه‌های عمل همراه با آگاهی، عدم قضاوت به تجربه درونی و عدم واکنش به تجربه درونی در پیش‌بینی نشانه‌های وسواس دانشجویان تأکید می‌کند که می‌تواند تبیین و سبب‌شناسی نشانه‌های وسواس را تسهیل کند.   2 Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the role of spontaneous or deliberate mind-wandering and dispositional mindfulness in predicting the obsession symptoms in college students. Methods In a descriptive, correlated and tentative research, 391 students of Tabriz University were chosen and included in the inquiry via the available sampling method. The data were gathered using the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), Mind Wandering Spontaneous (MW-S), Mind Wandering Deliberate (MW-D) self-report scales and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Pearson correlation-coefficient method and multiple regression were used to analyze the data simultaneously. Results Correlation results showed that the deliberate mind wandering (r=0.19, P=0.05) and spontaneous mind wandering (r=0.64, P=0.01) have positive and direct relationship with obsession symptoms, while the components of mindfulness, the components of observation (r=0.11, P=0.05 ،acting with awareness (r=-0.41, P=0.01), disrespect to inner experience(r=-0.50, P=0.01) and lack of reaction to inner experience(r=-0.61, P=0.01) have a negative and reverse relationship with obsession. The results from the concurrent regression analysis shows that from mind wandering components only spontaneous mind wandering variable (P<0.01, β=0.51)and from mindfulness components, only act with awareness, non-judgmental orientation to one’s present experience and non-reactive orientation to one’s present experience(β=-0.20, β=-0.22, β=-0.41)can predict obsession symptoms. Conclusion The findings of this research emphasized the role of spontaneous mind wandering and components of acting with awareness, non-judgmental orientation to one’s present experience and non-reactive orientation to one’s present experience in predicting obsession symptoms in the college students. These findings will be beneficial in explaining obsession symptoms and their etiology in the college students.   202 215 2018/01/72017/08/92017/10/152018/02/72017/09/122017/06/302017/09/282017/09/4 1396/6/13 2018/07/242018/01/282018/03/42018/05/92017/12/242018/03/122018/05/72018/03/13 1396/12/22 مجید محمود علیلو Majid Mahmood Aliloo گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران ایران عباس بخشی پور Abbas Bakhshipour گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران ایران بهمن متین پور Bahman Matinpour گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران ایران E-mail: matinbahman@yahoo.com Obsession symptoms Spontaneous and deliberate mind-wandering Dispositional mindfulness سرگشتگی ذهنی عمدی و خودبه خود بهوشیاری زمینهای نشانه های وسواس American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Pub; 2013. 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ویژگیهای روانسنجی نسخه فارسی مقیاس توانمندسازی خانواده Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Family Empowerment Scale 1 1 اهداف هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی نسخه فارسی مقیاس توانمندسازی خانواده در خانواده‌های با کودکان با اختلال‌های بیش‌فعالی/نقص توجه، طیف اوتیسم و یادگیری خاص بود. مواد و روش ها پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه روان‌سنجی بود. 210 والد از کودکان با اختلال‌های بیش‌فعالی/نقص توجه، طیف اوتیسم و یادگیری خاص از مراکز آموزش کودکان استثنایی نواحی 1 و 2 آموزش و پرورش شهر اهواز به روش نمونه‌گیری مبتنی بر هدف و به صورت داوطلبانه انتخاب شدند و به مقیاس‌های توانمندسازی خانواده و رضایت زناشویی پاسخ دادند. داده‌ها با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و نرم‌افزار آماری ‌21- SPSS تحلیل شدند. یافته ها بر اساس یافته‌ها مقیاس توانمندسازی خانواده (FES) شامل سه عامل توانمندسازی با توجه به سیستم خانوادگی، توانمندسازی با توجه به سیستم خدماتی و توانمندسازی با توجه به سیستم اجتماعی‌سیاسی می‌شود (با حذف چهار ماده). ضرایب آلفای کرونباخ کل مقیاس 94/0 و برای سه عامل استخراج‌شده از 91/0 تا 93/0، ضریب بازآزمایی 86/0 (001/0>P) و ضریب روایی همگرا بین مقیاس حاضر و مقیاس رضایت زناشویی 31/0 (001/0>P) مشاهده شد. نتیجه گیری بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، از این مقیاس می‌توان به عنوان ابزار مناسبی برای اندازه‌گیری توانایی‌های والدین برای ارائه خدمات به کودکان با اختلال‌های بیش‌فعالی/نقص‌توجه، طیف اوتیسم و یادگیری خاص در مراکز استثنایی و بازپروری استفاده کرد. همچنین می‌توان از آن در تبیین و شناسایی پیشایندها و پیامدهای ناشی از این نوع اختلال‌ها بهره برد.   2 Objectives The aim of the current research was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Family Empowerment Scale in families with children suffering from hyperactivity/attention deficit, autism spectrum and specific learning disorders. Methods A total of 210 parents of exceptional children with the training settings from educational region 1 and 2 in Ahvaz city were selected using based-purpose and voluntary sampling method and responded to the Family Empowerment and Marital Satisfaction scales. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and statistical software SPSS-21. Results The findings revealed that the scale consisted of three factors - empowerment with respect to family system, service system and social/politics system. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients obtained 0.94 for the whole scale and ranged from 0.91 to 0.93 for the three factors, test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.86 and showed the convergent validity coefficient of 0.31 (P<0.001) between the current scale and the Marital Satisfaction Scale. Conclusion According to the results from this scale it can be used as an appropriate tool for measuring the ability of the parents to give services to their children with hyperactivity/attention deficit, autism spectrum and specific learning in exceptional rehabilitation settings and for identifying and explaining antecedents and consequences of this type of disorders.   216 229 2018/01/72017/08/92017/10/152018/02/72017/09/122017/06/302017/09/282017/09/42017/10/18 1396/7/26 2018/07/242018/01/282018/03/42018/05/92017/12/242018/03/122018/05/72018/03/132018/07/24 1397/5/2 غلامرضا رجبی gholamreza rajabi گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران ایران E-mail: rajabireza@scu.ac.ir زهرا ذوالمجد Zahra Zolmajd گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران ایران Psychometric Empowerment Family Hyperactivity/attention deficit Autism spectrum Specific Learning روانسنجی توانمندسازی خانواده اوتیسم بیشفعالی/نقص توجه یادگیری خاص Koren PE, DeChillo N, Friesen BJ. 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