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اثربخشی تکلیف پاداش محور بر سطوح عاطفی افراد افسرده Effectiveness of Reward-Based Task on Affective Levels of Depressed Individuals 1 1  هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر تکلیف پاداش‌محور برسطوح عاطفی افراد افسرده است. مواد و روش ها پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون و پیگری با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل دانشجویان دانشگاه تبریز در سال تحصیلی 95-96 بود. حجم نمونه 40 نفر از دانشجویان بودند که به مرکز مشاوره دانشگاه مراجعه کرده بودند. 20 نفر برای گروه کنترل و 20 نفر برای گروه آزمایش به صورت تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند و به صورت انتساب تصادفی در گروه‌ها قرار گرفتند. مداخله طی 8 جلسه (هر جلسه به مدت 45 دقیقه) و در 25 روز با آزمون خطرپذیری بادکنکی (تکلیف پاداش‌محور) به گروه آزمایش ارائه شد و معادل امتیاز کسب‌شده در هر جلسه پاداش مادّی به آزمودنی‌ها داده شد. برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از پرسش‌نامه مقیاس افسردگی بک و مقیاس فهرست صفات خلقی استفاده شد. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از تحلیل کوواریانس و نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 23 استفاده شد. یافته ها نتایج آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس نشان داد اثربخشی تکلیف پاداش‌محور در مرحله پیش‌آزمون در سطح 10/0P< معنادار و میزان تأثیر این مداخله 70/0 بود. همچنین نتایج آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس نشان داد اثربخشی تکلیف پاداش‌محور در مرحله پیگیری در سطح 10/0P< بود. بنابراین ارائه تکلیف پاداش‌محور در بهبود سطوح عاطفی شرکت‌کنندگان در مرحله پس‌آزمون و پیگیری در گروه مداخله مؤثر و توان آماری 0/1 حاکی از دقت آماری قابل قبول بود. نتیجه گیری پاداش گرفتن پیامدهای لذت‌بخشی ایجاد می‌کند و این عامل باعث تحکیم میل و درنتیجه فعالیت برای کسب پاداش و بهبود سطوح عاطفه در افراد افسرده خواهد شد. عاطفه منفی با بودن در موقعیت پاداش‌زا کاهش می‌یابد.   2 Objectives The present study examined the effects of reward-driven task on improving the affective levels in individuals with depressive symptoms. Methods The present study is an experiment study with pretest- posttest and follow-up with control group. The community of this research was the students in Tabriz University in 2016-2017 semester. The sample size was 40 students which had visited the university counseling center 20 of them were assigned randomly to control group and 20 other experimental group. The intervention was given to the experimental group during 8 sessions (45 minutes per session) and 25 days by the Balloon Analogue Risk (reward-based task test), and the equivalent score obtained in each session was given to material rewards. Beck Depression Scale (BDI-II) and Mood Adjective Check List (MACL) were used for data collection. For data analysis, covariance analysis and SPSS version 23 software were used. Results The posttest mean scores of the participants based on reward-based task in the intervention group were 18.1, 12.6, and 14.1 for hedonic tone, tense arousal, and energetic arousal, respectively, and 13.9, 19.3, and 13.2, respectively for the control group; the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.01). The effect size of the present intervention was 0.70. In addition, the observed difference between the mean scores of the affective levels in the participants based on the reward-based task in the intervention group (mean scores 15.7, 14.4, and 11.7 for hedonic tone, tense arousal, and energetic arousal, respectively) and the control group (mean scores 14.1, 18.9, and 13.6 for hedonic tone, tense arousal, and energetic arousal, respectively) differed significantly in the follow-up stage (P<0.01). The provision of the reward-based task had been effective in improving the affective levels of the participants of the intervention group in posttest and follow-up stages, and statistical power equaling 1.0 indicated a reliable statistical accuracy. Conclusion Rewards and consequences of fun-producing factor  strengthened the desire to earn rewards and improve the activity levels that would affect the depressed patients, and the negative effect was reduced with the reward situation.   6 15 2017/06/8 1396/3/18 2017/10/11 1396/7/19 علیرضا کریم پور وظیفه خورانی Alireza Karimpour Vazifehkhorani گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران ایران E-mail: a.karimpour92@gmail.com عباس بخشی پور Abbas Bakhshipour Roodsari گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران ایران حسین کمالی قاسم آبادی Hossein Kamali Ghasemabadi گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران ایران نیلوفر اعتمادی چهارده Niloofar Etemadi Chardah گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران ایران Depression Reinforcement Reward-based task Affective levels افسردگی سطوح عاطفی تکلیف پادا شمحور Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ. 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تأثیر آموزش موسیقی بر خلاقیت کودکان 7 تا 9 ساله شهر تهران The Impact of Music Education on 7-9-Year-Old Children’s Creativity in Tehran 1 1 اهداف هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر آموزش موسیقی بر خلاقیت کودکان 7 تا 9 ساله شهر تهران است. مواد و روش ها این پژوهش مطالعه‌ای نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل همه کودکان 7 تا 9 ساله دبستان‌های منطقه 20 شهر تهران بود. روش نمونه‌گیری در این پژوهش، در دسترس بود. تعداد نمونه‌ها 20 نفر بود و به صورت تصادفی 10 نفر برای گروه آزمایش و 10 نفر برای گروه کنترل انتخاب شدند. جمع‌آوری داده‌ها بر اساس پرسش‌نامه خلاقیت تورنس و آزمون هوشی وکسلر 4 انجام شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات به‌دست‌آمده نیز با استفاده از نسخه 22 نرم‌افزار ‌SPSS و در دو بخش توصیفی و استنباطی و با بهره‌گیری از آزمون‌های تی ‌دو نمونه مستقل و تحلیل کوواریانس انجام شد. یافته ها نتایج به‌دست‌آمده نشان داد آموزش موسیقی تأثیر معناداری بر مؤلفه‌های خلاقیت کودکان دارد. نتیجه گیری آموزش موسیقی می‌تواند ابزاری مؤثر در توسعه خلاقیت کودکان باشد.   2 Objectives The present study investigated the impact of music education on the creativity of 7–9-year-old children in Tehran, Iran. Methods semi-experimental study comprised of pretest-posttest and control groups. The study participants were 7–9-year-old children from primary schools from 20 regions of Tehran. The sampling method used in this study was based on availability that recruited 20 individuals, who were and randomly selected (n=10 each for the test and control groups). Data were collected by Torrance creativity questionnaire as well as the Wechsler Intelligence Test 4, and analyzed by SPSS software in two descriptive and inferential parts using independent samples t-tests and analysis of covariance tests. Results The results showed that children had sufficient intelligence to receive music education, which significantly affected the components of children’s creativity. Conclusion Thus, music education can be taken into consideration as an effective tool for developing creativity in children. 16 29 2017/06/82017/02/20 1395/12/2 2017/10/112017/03/14 1395/12/24 سمیرا فزائی Samira Fazaie گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده ادبیات علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد، تهران، ایران ایران E-mail: sfazaie@yahoo.com حسن عشایری Hassan Ashayeri گروه علوم پایه توانبخشی، دانشکده علوم توانبخشی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران ایران Music teaching Creativity Children آموزش موسیقی خلاقیت کودکان Radbakhsh N, Mohammadyfar MA, Kian Ersi F. [Comparing the effectiveness of play and storytelling on increasing children’s creativity (Persian)]. Innovation & Creativity in Human Science. 2013; 2(4):177-95. ##Doron E. Fostering creativity in school aged children through perspective taking and visual media based short term intervention program. 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Creativity in the music classroom. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014; 141:237–41. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.041##Keihani M, Shariatpanahi M. [The effect of music on concentration and attention among students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Persian)]. Islamic Azad University Journal of Medical Sciences. 2008; 18(2):101-6.##Estaki M, Ashayeri H, Borjali A, Tabrizi M, Delavar A. [Comparison of two methods of teaching music of the two hemispheres and music education on improvement of performance of failure account of female students (Persian)]. Journal of Research on Exceptional Children. 2008; 7(4): 425-48.##Jafari N. Creativity barriers of primary schools of Sistan and Baluchestan province (Persian)] [PhD Dissertation]. Sistan and Baluchestan: University of Sistan and Baluchestan; 2004.##Tanınmış GE, Orhan ŞY. Master theses and doctoral dissertations conducted between 1986 and 2009 in music education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2010; 2(2):5051–8. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.820##Toivanen T. Creative pedagogy - Supporting children’s creativity through drama. The European Journal of Social & Behavioural Sciences. 2013; 7(4):1168–79. Doi: 10.15405/ejsbs.96##Daemi H, Moghimi Bar Foroush F. Standardization of creativity test. Advances in Cognitive Science. 2004; 6(3-4):1-8.##Pirkhaefi A. [Torrance’s creativity test guide (Persian)]. Tehran: Sina Behavioral Science Research Institute; 2009. ##Afrooz GA, Hellat A, Kamkari K, Shokrzadeh Sh. [Wechsler intelligence scales for children - Fourth Edition of WISC-IV main and substitute Tests (Persian)]. Tehran: Elm Ostadan; 2013.##Ganji K, Niousha B, Hedayati F. [The effect of creativity education to mothers on preschool children’s creativity (Persian)]. Innovation & Creativity in Human Sciences. 2013; 2(2):71-93.##Shafaei M, Madani R. [Designing patterns of children educational spaces based on creativity model (Persian)]. Journal of Technology Education. 2011; 4(3):215-22.##Mozafar F, Hosseini SB, Bagheri M, Azemati HR. [The role of neighborhood open spaces in the development and creativity of children (Persian)]. Bagh-e Nazar. 2008; 4(8): 59-72.##Parsa Manesh F, Sobhi Gharamaleki N. [Players' lyrics simulative effect on the development of children's creativity (Persian)]. Innovation & Creativity in Human Sciences. 2014; 2(4):141-57.##Passanisi A, Di Nuovo S, Urgese L, Pirrone C. The influence of musical expression on creativity and interpersonal relationships in children. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2015; 191:2476–80. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.308##Helvacı A. The content assessment of pre-school education program in Turkey towards music education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2015; 197:2454–8. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.310##Fong CE, Lee CS. Communication responses of an Indian student with autism to music education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2012; 65:808–14. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.203##Sanders E. Investigating the relationship between musical training and mathematical thinking in children. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2012; 55:1134–43. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.607##Muldma M, Kiilu K. Teacher‘s view on the development of values in music education in Estonia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2012; 45:342–50. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.570##Arslan A. Orff schulwerk elementary music applications in interdisciplinary education in chair of primary school education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2009; 1(1):2546–51. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.449## ##

مقایسه دو رویکرد مبتنی بر یادآوری و بازشناسی در اندازه گیری رشد اخلاقی: نئوکلبرگی ها و چالش های بررسی رشد اخلاقی Comparison of Two Approaches for Measuring Moral Development: Neo-Kohlbergian Approach and Moral Study Challenges 1 1 اهداف یکی از چالش‌های جدی اندازه‌گیری رشد اخلاقی، به مسئله ابزار و چالش‌های روش‌شناختی در این زمینه بازمی‌گردد. انتظار می‌رود ابزارهای متفاوت که سازه یکسانی را اندازه گیری می‌کنند نتایج مشابهی بدست دهند. هدف از اجرای پژوهش حاضر مقایسه دو رویکرد نئوکلبرگی در بررسی رشد اخلاقی است. مواد و روش ها بدین منظور نمونه‌ای شامل 40 نفر از مراجعه‌کنندگان به مرکز ارزیابی‌های رفتاری و سلامت روان در ماه دی تا بهمن 1395 با نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. این افراد با استفاده از طرح پژوهشی تو در توی همبستگی و با کمک آزمون بررسی مسائل، اندازه‌گیری بازتاب اخلاقی اجتماعی گیبز، مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته مبتنی بر معماهای فرضی اخلاق و مصاحبه‌های گذشته‌نگر مبتنی بر تعارض‌های زندگی واقعی فرد آزموده شدند. یافته ها نتایج نشان داد بین دو روش مبتنی بر آزمون بررسی مسائل و اندازه‌گیری بازتاب اخلاقی اجتماعی هم‌سویی معناداری در تعیین سطح رشد اخلاقی افراد وجود دارد، اما بین نتایج این دو روش و نتایج مصاحبه‌های مبتنی بر تعارضات اخلاقی زندگی واقعی تفاوت معنادار وجود دارد. مصاحبه‌هایی که بر تجربه‌های واقعی افراد مبتنی هستند، سطح اخلاقی پایین‌تری برای فرد برآورد می‌کنند. نتیجه گیری تفاوت‌های افراد در قضاوت اخلاقی بیش از اینکه به ابزار وابسته باشد، به موقعیتی وابسته است که فرد آن را ارزیابی می‌کند. افراد موقعیت‌های وابسته به خود را آسان‌تر و موقعیت‌های فرضی یا وابسته به دیگران را سخت‌گیرانه‌تر ارزیابی می‌کنند.   2 Objectives A few of the challenges involved in measuring moral development includes tools and methodology. The present study compared two neo-Kohlbergian approaches in the study of moral development. Methods A total of 40 peoples referred to the Center for Behavioral and Mental Health Assessment were selected as a sample group, subjected to QUAN-QUAL (equal) design, and assessed using Defining Issue Test (DIT), Sociomoral Reflection Measure-Short Form (SRM-SF), semi-structured interviews based on hypothetical moral dilemmas, and in-depth interviews based on real-life dilemmas. Results The results showed that DIT and SRM-SF scores were correlated in the moral maturity index; however, these two methods and the results of conflicts in real life exhibited significant differences . Conclusion Therefore, standards and instructions were applied to both methods including test based on the memory or recalling that would yield similar results. Furthermore, the difference between these two methods with respect to results and interviews based on real-life dilemmas might be dependent on the situation of the individual than the tools, making self-judgment easier for individuals. 30 43 2017/06/82017/02/202017/08/19 1396/5/28 2017/10/112017/03/142017/11/1 1396/8/10 زهرا هوشیاری Zahra Hooshyari دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران ایران zahrahooshyari@gmail.com علی دلاور Ali Delavar گروه سنجش و اندازه گیری، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران ایران Email: delavarali@yahoo.com اصغر مینایی Asghar Minaee گروه سنجش و اندازه گیری، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران ایران asghar.minaei@yahoo.com حسین اسکندری Hossein Eskandari گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران ایران sknd40@gmail.com Defining Issue Test Sociomoral Reflection Measure- Short Form Moral judgment interview Hypothetical dilemmas In-depth interview آزمون بررسی مسائل انداز هگیری بازتاب اخلاق اجتماعی مصاحبه قضاوت اخلاقی مبتنی بر معماهای فرضی مصاحبه عمیق گذشت هنگر مبتنی بر تعار ضهای واقعی Messick S. 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مقایسه همبسته های شخصیتی صفات ماکیاولیایی، خودشیفتگی و ضداجتماعی (مثلث تاریک شخصیتی) در الگوی سه عاملی Comparison of Personality Correlates of Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy (Dark Triad of Personality) in Three Factor Personality Model 1 1  اهداف سه شخصیت ماکیاولیایی، خودشیفتگی و ضداجتماعی، مثلث تاریک شخصیتی شناخته می‌شوند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی رابطه آن‌ها با الگوی پنج‌عاملی شخصیت انجام گرفت. این پژوهش از نوع همبستگی بود. مواد و روش ها جامعه آماری تحقیق حاضر عبارت بود از دانشجویان دختر و پسر دانشگاه پیام نور تبریز. از بین آن‌ها نمونه ای به حجم 203 نفر و با در نظر گرفتن توزیع جمعیتی به روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای انتخاب شدند. آزمودنی‌ها به پرسش‌نامه‌های شخصیت ماکیاولیایی، پرسش‌نامه شخصیت چندمحوری بالینی میلون-2 و شخصیت آیزنک پاسخ دادند. داده‌ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل رگرسیون چندمتغیری تحلیل شدند. یافته ها شخصیت ماکیاولیایی با روان‌آزرده‌گرایی (64/0r=، 01/0P<) و روان‌پریشی‌گرایی (23/0r=، 01/0P<)، شخصیت خودشیفته با روان‌پریشی‌گرایی (71/0r=، 01/0P<) و برون‌گرایی (17/0r=، 01/0P<) و شخصیت ضداجتماعی با روان‌پریشی‌گرایی (43/0r=، 01/0P<) و روان‌آزرده‌گرایی (43/0r=، 01/0P<) رابطه مثبت نشان داد. نتیجه گیری وجه مشترک شخصیتی مطابق الگوی سه‌عاملی در مثلث تاریک شخصیتی روان‌پریشی‌گرایی است.   2 Objectives Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy are often referred to as the dark triad of personality. This study explored the relationships of those personalities with three factor personality models. Methods The current study was conducted in correlational descriptive research context. A group of 203 normal participants from Tabriz Payame noor university students answered to MACH-IV, MCMI-II and EPQ-R personality questionnaires. Data analyzed using the stepwise multivariate regression analysis method. Results According to three factors model of personality, Machiavellianism was correlated to neuroticism (r=0.46, P<0.01) and psychoticism (r=0.32, P<0.01), Narcissism was correlated to psychoticism (r=0.17, P<0.01) and extraversion (r=0.17, P<0.01), Psychopathy was correlated to psychoticism (r=0.43, P<0.01) and neuroticism (r=0.43, P<0.01). Conclusion The dark dimension of personality can be described in terms of high psychoticism, according to three factor personality model.   44 55 2017/06/82017/02/202017/08/192017/01/9 1395/10/20 2017/10/112017/03/142017/11/12017/10/30 1396/8/8 علی محمدزاده ali mohammadzadeh گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران ایران احمد عاشوری ahmad ashouri گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علومپزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران، تهران، ایران ایران Email: ahmad.ashouri@gmail.com Machiavellianism Narcissism Antisocial personality Personality disorders ماکیاولیایی خودشیفتگی شخصیت ضداجتماعی اختلالات شخصیت Kowalski RM. Behaving badly: Aversive behaviors in interpersonal relationships. Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association; 2000.##Paulhus DL, Williams KM. The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. 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طراحی و پیاده سازی خدمت برنامه ریزی ترخیص در بیمارستان روزبه Development and Implementation of Discharge Planning Service in Roozbeh Hospital 1 1 اهداف برنامه‌ریزی ترخیص فرایندی پویا و جامع و مشارکتی است که هدف آن تعیین ادامه روند درمان مراجعه‌کنندگان پس از ترخیص و ارائه خدمات و حمایت‌های لازم به مُراجعه‌کننده و مراقبان او است. اخیراً تأثیر مثبت برنامه‌ریزی ترخیص بر شاخص‌هایی چون بستری مجدد، پایبندی به درمان، طول بستری، هزینه‌های درمان، بهبود علائم و کیفیت زندگی بیماران در مطالعات متعدد و معتبر نشان داده شده است. هدف از این مطالعه طراحی و راه‌اندازی خدمت برنامه‌ریزی ترخیص در بیمارستان روزبه است. مواد و روش ها این مطالعه از نوع کیفی و در قالب طراحی خدمت است و در آن از الگوی طراحی خدمات مبتنی بر شواهد، شامل مراحل پنج‌گانه نیازسنجی، تحلیل وضعیت کنونی، تعیین هزینه، اثربخشی خدمات، اولویت‌بندی بین مداخلات موجود و درنهایت طراحی ساختار و جزئیات خدمت مدنظر استفاده شده است. یافته ها مطالعات نیازسنجی و تحلیل وضعیت کنونی بیمارستان روزبه، نشان‌دهنده پایین‌بودن پایبندی به معاینات سرپایی و زیاد بودن مدت بستری بود. همچنین اولویت‌بندی بین مداخلات موجود و طراحی ساختار و جزئیات این خدمات بر اساس اصول ذکر‌شده در ادبیات علمی و نیازهای مرکز و نیز امکانات در دسترس انجام شد و درنهایت برنامه‌ای جامع، مشارکتی و پیوسته طراحی شد که شامل مراحل ثبت مشخصات، ارزیابی نیازها، هماهنگ‌کردن خدمات و چک‌لیست اقدامات لازم بود. نتیجه گیری طراحی و پیاده‌سازی این خدمت برای اولین‌بار در کشور در بیمارستان روان‌پزشکی روزبه انجام شده و لازم است به طور مداوم ارزیابی و بازنگری شود. امید است دیگر مراکز بستری روان‌پزشکی و نیز مسئولان سلامت روان کشور به طراحی چنین خدماتی توجه کنند.   2 Objectives Discharge Planning is a dynamic, collaborative and comprehensive process which is aimed to promote the continuity of care after discharge and providing necessary services and support to the client and his/her caregivers. Recently, the efficacy of discharge planning has been shown in multiple studies on factors like re-admission, treatment adherence, length of stay, treatment costs, symptoms resolution and patients’ quality of life. Methods We used an evidence-based service development model which contained five steps, including needs assessment, situation analysis, cost-effectiveness evaluation, prioritization and structural design. Results Needs assessment studies and situation analysis showed that Roozbeh Hospital had some deficits in adherence to outpatient visit and length of stay indices. In the next step, prioritization among possible interventions and designing the structure and details of this service in Roozbeh Hospital performed based on the principles mentioned in the literature, needs of the center and feasibility of services, and finally a comprehensive, collaborative and continuous program designed which includes some steps which are patient data registration, needs assessment, coordinating services and checklists of the affairs. Conclusion Development and implementation of the discharge planning service has been performed as the first one in Iran, in Roozbeh Hospital and requires to be evaluated and revised continuously, and we hope that this program be prominent to other psychiatric inpatient centers and also higher order mental health organizations.   56 69 2017/06/82017/02/202017/08/192017/01/92016/11/7 1395/8/17 2017/10/112017/03/142017/11/12017/10/302017/06/19 1396/3/29 حمید رضا توفیقی Hamidreza Toufighi مرکز تحقیقات روانپزشکی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران ونداد شریفی Vandad Sharifi گروه روانپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات روانپزشکی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران Email: vsharifi@tums.ac.ir جواد علاقبند راد Javad Alaghband Rad مرکز تحقیقات روانپزشکی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران javadalaghband@yahoo.ca بهرنگ شادلو Behrang Shadloo گروه روانپزشکی، مرکز ملی مطالعات اعتیاد، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران Email: behrang.shadloo@gmail.com Mental disorders Patient discharge Health services برنامه ریزی ترخیص طراحی خدمت اختلالات روانپزشکی Vandad Sharifi M, Hajebi A, Radgoodarzi R. 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The association between continuity of care and outcomes: a systematic and critical review. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 2010; 16(5):947–56. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01235.x##Sharifi V, Abolhasani F, Farhoudian A, Amin Esmaeili M. [Community mental health centers in Iran: Planning evidence-based services (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology. 2013; 19(3):163-176.##Baron M, Erlenbusch B, Moran CF, O’Connor K, Rice K, Rodriguez J. Best practices manual for discharge planning: Mental health & substance abuse facilities, hospitals, foster care, prison and jails. Los Angeles: Coalition to hunger & homelessness. 2008.##Alghzawi HM. Psychiatric discharge process. ISRN Psychiatry. 2012; 2012:1–7. doi: 10.5402/2012/638943##Kerr MS. Psychiatric discharge summaries. BMJ. 1990; 300(6719):260–1. doi: 10.1136/bmj.300.6719.260-b##Vanaki Z, Habibipour B. [The assessment of effect discharge planning on patients satisfaction (Persian)]. Scientific Journal of Hamadan Nursing & Midwifery Faculty. 2008; 16(2):25-35.##Ranjbar F, Ghanbari B, Khaleghparast S, Manouchehri H, Nasiri N. [The effects of discharge planning on insight, symptoms and hospitalization of Schizophrenia patients at Iran University of Medical Sciences Hospitals (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2011; 17(1):53-9.##Edvardsson B, Olsson J. Key concepts for new service development. The Service Industries Journal. 1996; 16(2):140–64. doi: 10.1080/02642069600000019##Fixsen DL, Naoom SF, Blase KA, Friedman RM. Implementation research: A synthesis of the literature. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida; 2005.##Steffen S, Kösters M, Becker T, Puschner B. Discharge planning in mental health care: A systematic review of the recent literature. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2009; 120(1):1–9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01373.x##Nurjannah I, Mills J, Usher K, Park T. Discharge planning in mental health care: An integrative review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2013; 23(9-10):1175–85. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12297##Shepperd S, McClaran J, Phillips CO, Lannin NA, Clemson LM, McCluskey A, et al. Discharge planning from hospital to home.In: Shepperd S, editor. Cochrane database of systematic reviews. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd000313.pub3##Newton AS, Hamm MP, Bethell J, Rhodes AE, Bryan CJ, Tjosvold L, et al. Pediatric suicide-related presentations: A systematic review of mental health care in the emergency department. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2010; 56(6):649–659.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.02.026##Fontanarosa J, Uhl S, Oyesanmi O. Interventions for adult offenders with serious mental illness [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2013 Aug. Report No.: 13-EHC107-EF.##Mamo DC. Managing suicidality in schizophrenia. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2007; 52(6):59S. PMID:17824353##Shaw H, Mackie CA, Sharkie I. Evaluation of effect of pharmacy discharge planning on medication problems experienced by discharged acute admission mental health patients. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 2000; 8(2):144–53. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7174.2000.tb00999.x##Luxton DD, Thomas EK, Chipps J, Relova RM, Brown D, McLay R, et al. Caring letters for suicide prevention: Implementation of a multi-site randomized clinical trial in the U.S. military and veteran affairs healthcare systems. Contemporary Clinical Trials. 2014; 37(2):252–60. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2014.01.007##Missio H. Does discharge planning prevent readmission to inpatient psychiatric units. Gosford, New South Wales: Central Coast Health; 2004.##Nelson EA, Maruish ME, Axler JL. Effects of discharge planning and compliance with outpatient appointments on readmission rates. Psychiatric Services. 2000; 51(7):885–9. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.51.7.885##Morrow Howell N, Proctor EK, Mui AC. Adequacy of discharge plans for elderly patients. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1991.##Altman H. A Collaborative approach to discharge planning for chronic mental patients. Psychiatric Services. 1983; 34(7):641–2. doi: 10.1176/ps.34.7.641##Kelly A, Watson D, Raboud J, Bilsker D. Factors in delays in discharge from acute-care psychiatry. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 1998; 43(5):496–501. doi: 10.1177/070674379804300508##Record JD, Niranjan Azadi A, Christmas C, Hanyok LA, Rand CS, Hellmann DB, et al. Telephone calls to patients after discharge from the hospital: An important part of transitions of care. Medical Education Online. 2015; 20(1):26701. doi: 10.3402/meo.v20.26701##Puschner B, Steffen S, Gaebel W, Freyberger H, Klein HE, Steinert T, et al. Needs-oriented discharge planning and monitoring for high utilisers of psychiatric services (NODPAM): Design and methods. 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روشهای استفاده شده برای حفظ و ارتقای سلامت روان در خانم های متأهل ایرانی: یک مطالعه کیفی Maintaining and Promoting Techniques for Mental Health Used by Iranian Married Women: A Qualitative Study 1 1 اهداف مشکلات سلامت روان در سراسر دنیا شیوع بالایی دارد؛ مخصوصاً درخانم‌ها شایع‌تر است. این مشکلات اثرات بسیار نامطلوبی بر جنبه‌های مختلف زندگی بر جا می‌گذارند. از آنجاکه ارتقای سلامت روان درخانم‌های متأهل به خاطر اهمیت محوری آنان در خانواده، می‌تواند اثرات مستقیم و غیر مستقیم قابل توجهی را بر سلامت روان تک‌تک اعضای خانواده بگذارد، این مطالعه با هدف شناسایی روش‌های استفاده‌شده در خانم‌های متأهل برای حفظ و ارتقای سلامت روان به منظور طراحی مداخلات مناسب طراحی شده است. مواد و روش ها این مطالعه به صورت کیفی طراحی و اجرا شده است. جامعه آماری این مطالعه شامل خانم‌های متأهل 18 تا 65 ساله ساکن منطقه 22 شهرداری تهران هستند. اطلاعات از طریق مصاحبه عمیق فردی با 15زن متأهل 18 تا 65 ساله تهرانی از طریق نمونه‌گیری هدفمند جمع‌آوری شد. تحلیل داده‌ها بر اساس تجزیه‌وتحلیل محتوا صورت گرفت. یافته ها به منظور حفظ و ارتقای سلامت روان، درخانم‌های متأهل شهر تهران از چهار شیوه استفاده می‌کنند که شامل تقویت ابعاد معنوی؛ مهارت‌آموزی در زمینه‌های مدیریت استرس، مثبت‌اندیشی، خودکنترلی و حل مسئله؛ دریافت کمک از افراد ذی‌صلاح و برنامه‌ریزی با توجه به اولویت‌ها به منظور پرهیز از یک‌نواختی است. نتیجه گیری شرکت‌کنندگان تهرانی به منظور حفظ و ارتقای سلامت روان از تقویت ابعاد معنوی، مهارت‌آموزی، برنامه‌ریزی و درنهایت مشاوره استفاده می‌کنند. شرکت‌کنندگان تهرانی از شیوه‌های مقابله با استرس هیجان‌مدار و مسئله‌مدار برای حفظ و ارتقای سلامت روان خود بهره می‌گیرند.   2 Objectives Mental health problems are prevalent especially in women all over the world. These problems have adverse effects on various aspects of life. Interventional programs to mental health promotion related to sociocultural structure and it is needed to know the coping mechanisms and mental health promotion strategies and it is the aim of this study. Methods This is a qualitative study. The relevant data were collected by in-depth interviews with 15 married women (18-65 years old) in Tehran. Then the obtained data were investigated through content analysis. Results Married women used four strategies to cope with the stress and promote the mental health status: a) strengthening the spiritual aspects, b) learning the skills of stress management, positive thinking, self-controlling and problem solving, c) seeking help, and d) setting their priorities setting and avoid daily boring tasks. Conclusion Teaching coping mechanisms based on problem-solving techniques is essential for mental health promotion in married women.   70 79 2017/06/82017/02/202017/08/192017/01/92016/11/72017/05/6 1396/2/16 2017/10/112017/03/142017/11/12017/10/302017/06/192017/11/1 1396/8/10 منیر برادران افتخاری monir Baradaran Eftekhari معاونت تحقیقات و فناوری، وزارت بهداشت درمان و آموزش پزشکی، تهران، ایران ایران Email:mbeftekhari200@gmail.com آمنه ستاره فروزان ameneh setareh forouzan مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی موثر بر سلامت، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی، تهران، ایران ایران as_forouzan_2000@yahoo.com آرش میراب زاده arash mirabzadeh مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی موثر بر سلامت، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی، تهران، ایران ایران Email: aramirab@yahoo.com معصومه دژمان masoumeh dejman مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی موثر بر سلامت، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی، تهران، ایران ایران Email: dejman@yahoo.com هادی یوسفی Hadi Yousefi گروه فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده مهندسی کامپیوتر، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران ایران Mental health promotion Women Qualitative study ارتقای سلامت روان زنان مطالعه کیفی World Health Organization. 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ویژگیهای روانسنجی نسخه فارسی پرسشنامه سبکهای فرزندپروری Psychometric Characteristics of Persian Version of Parenting Style Index 1 1  هدف این مطالعه بررسی ساختار عاملی و پایایی پرسش‌نامه سبک‌های فرزندپروری 2 بود. مواد و روش ها این تحقیق توصیفی و از نوع اعتبارسنجی است. 381 نفر از دانشجویان دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی خوشه‌ای برای شرکت در این پژوهش انتخاب شدند و به پرسش‌نامه سبک‌های فرزندپروری 2 پاسخ دادند. ساختار عاملی پرسش‌نامه با تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تأییدی و پایایی ابزار با آلفای کرونباخ و روش آزمون‌بازآزمون بررسی شد. یافته ها نتیجه تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی با چرخش واریماکس راه حل‌های سه‌عاملی و چهارعاملی را نشان داد که به ترتیب 13/45 و 17/52 درصد از واریانس کل را تبیین کردند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی شاخص‌های برازش بهتر راه حل سه‌عاملی را در مقایسه با راه حل چهار‌عاملی نشان داد که نشان‌دهنده برازش بهتر راه حل سه‌عاملی با داده‌ها و در جامعه ایران بود. آلفای کرونباخ کل مقیاس برابر 0/65 بود و برای سه عامل از 0/53 تا 0/75 به دست آمد. ضریب همبستگی در روش آزمون‌بازآزمون 0/77 به دست آمد که نشان‌دهنده پایایی قابل قبول ابزار است. نتیجه گیری به طور کلی نتایج نشان‌دهنده برازش و پایایی مناسب ساختار سه‌عاملی پرسش‌نامه است که می‌توان از آن برای تعیین سبک‌های فرزندپروری به منظور اهداف پژوهشی استفاده کرد. 2 Objectives The present study investigated the factor structure and reliability of the Parenting Style Index 2. Methods A total of 381 students of Hakim Sabzevari University filled out the survey. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate the factor structure of the method, and Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest methods were employed for examining the reliability. Results The results of the principal component with varimax rotation showed three- and four-factorial solutions that explained 45.13% and 52.17% of the total variance, respectively. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factorial solution was a better indication of the data than the four-factorial solution and that it fitted the data adequately in the Iranian society. The Cronbach’s alpha of the instrument was 0.65 and that for the subscales of the instrument was 0.53–0.75. The correlation coefficient of test-retest was 0.77, which demonstrated acceptable reliability of the instrument. Conclusion Acceptable reliability and fitting well with the data in Iranian society rendered the 3 factor PSI II as a suitable measure for determining the perceived parenting style with respect to screening or clinical purposes.   80 91 2017/06/82017/02/202017/08/192017/01/92016/11/72017/05/62017/01/2 1395/10/13 2017/10/112017/03/142017/11/12017/10/302017/06/192017/11/12017/07/23 1396/5/1 محمد مهراد صدر Mohammad Mehrad Sadr گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران ایران Email: mohax1989@gmail.com نوشین خادم الرضا Nooshin Khademolreza گروه روانپزشکی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران، تهران، ایران ایران nooshinkreza@gmail.com سحرناز اخباری Saharnaz Akhbari گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران ایران Akhbari.saharnaz@gmail.com مرضیه علمائی Marzieh Olamaei گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران ایران Molamaie@yahoo.com سیدسپهر هاشمیان Seyed Sepehr Hashemian گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران ایران Email:sepehr.hashemian@gmail.com Factor structure Reliability Parenting style Parenting style index ساختار عاملی پایایی سب کهای فرزندپروری پرس شنامه سب کهای فرزندپروری Bradley RH, Caldwell BM. 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The development of a short form of the EMBU: Its appraisal with students in Greece, Guatemala, Hungary and Italy. Personality and Individual Differences. 1999; 27(4):613-28. doi: 10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00192-5##Zeinali A, Vahdat R, Garadingeh K. [The Relationship Between Parenting Style and Addiction Susceptibility in Children (Persian)]. Journal of Family Research. 2010; 6(23):335-52.##Moazen T, Aghei A, Golparvar M. [Predicted Students Attachment styles based on parents parenting styles (Persian)]. Journal of Educational Sciences. 2014; 7(25):87-99.##Danesh E, Rezabakhsh H, Bahmani Z, Saliminia N. [Relationship between parenting styles and sexual self esteem and its’ components in university students (Persian.)]. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2011; 5(3): 39-55. ##Ghannadi F, Abdollahi MH. [The relationship between perceptions of parental behavior and early maladaptive schemas (Persian)]. Clinical Psychology Studies. 2014; 4(16):129-51.##Ejei J, Lavasani M G, Malahmadi E, Khezri M. [The relationship between parenting styles and academic achievement through the mediating influences of achievement goals and academic (Persian)]. Journal of Psychology. 2011; 15(3):284-301. ##Alizadeh H, Andries C. Interaction of parenting styles and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Iranian parents. Child & Family Behavior Therapy. 2002; 24(3):37-52. doi: 10.1300/j019v24n03_03##Purabdoli M, Kadivar, P, Homayuni A. [To investigate the relationship between motherparenting styles and their children's perception (Persian)]. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 2008; 10(37):107-28.##Hassani M, Fathi-Ashtiani A, Rasoolzadeh-Tabatabaei SK. [A comparison of early maladaptive schemas and perceived parental rearing behaviors in couples with problem-focused and emotion-focused coping style (Persian.)]. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2012; 6(3):9-10. ##Neumeister KLS, Finch H. Perfectionism in high-ability students: Relational precursors and influences on achievement motivation. Gifted Child Quarterly. 2006; 50(3):238-51. doi: 10.1177/001698620605000304##Darling N, Toyokawa T. Construction and validation of the parenting style inventory II (PSI-II). Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University; 1997.##Stewart SM, Bond MH, Zaman RM, McBride-Chang C, Rao N, Ho L, et al. Functional parenting in Pakistan. International Journal of Behavioral Development. 1999; 23(3):747-70. doi; 10.1080/016502599383784##Darling N, Steinberg L. Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin. 1993; 113(3):487-96. doi: 10.1037//0033-2909.113.3.487##Vargas C. [Perceived parenting styles influence on contraceptive use among adolescents: a retrospective study on young adults’behavior] [MSc. thesis]. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida; 2010.##Ying GL. [Perceived parenting style and youth suicidality in Malaysia: Department of Psychology and Counseling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science] [MSc. thesis]. Petaling Jaya: Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman; 2013.##Carlo G, McGinley M, Hayes R, Batenhorst C, Wilkinson J. Parenting styles or practices? Parenting, sympathy, and prosocial behaviors among adolescents. The Journal of Genetic Psychology. 2007; 168(2):147-76. doi: 10.3200/gntp.168.2.147-176##Hardy SA, Bhattacharjee A, Reed II A, Aquino K. Moral identity and psychological distance: The case of adolescent parental socialization. Journal of Adolescence. 2010; 33(1):111-23. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.04.008##Bastaits K, Ponnet K, Mortelmans D. Parenting of divorced fathers and the association with children’s self-esteem. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 2012; 41(12):1643-56. doi: 10.1007/s10964-012-9783-6##Lam CB, Solmeyer AR, McHale SM. Sibling relationships and empathy across the transition to adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 2012; 41(12):1657-70. doi: 10.1007/s10964-012-9781-8##Abdul Gafor K, Kurukkan A. Construction and Validation of Scale of Parenting Style. Guru Journal of Behavioral and Social Sciences. 2014; 2(4):315-23.##Batool SS, Mumtaz AN. Development and Validation of Parenting Style Scale. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research. 2015; 30(2):225-48.##*******************************************************************##Validation of the Brief Persian Version of the Affective Temperament Auto-Questionnaire TEMPS-A ##*Navid Khalili1, 2, Mohammad Esmaiel Panjalizadeh3, Yunes Jahani4, 5##1. Psychiatrist, Assistant Professor, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. ##2. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. ##3. Psychiatrist, Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.##4. PhD in Biostatistics, Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 5. Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.##Objectives Affective temperaments are subclinical trait manifestations related to mood disorders. The temperament evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) has been translated into more than 25 languages worldwide and has been shortened in a few of these translations. The primary objective of the study is to validate a brief Persian version of the TEMPS-A.##Methods The sample consisted of 694 University students educated in 10 different faculties of Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. After translation and back-translation process, participants were asked to complete the Persian translation of the original 110-item TEMPS-A. The exploratory factor was analyzed using the principal component analysis method. A five-factor solution was applied based on other studies and theoretical assumptions. ##Results The five factors such as irritability, anxiety, dysthymic, cyclothymic, and hyperthymic temperaments with a total of 35 items showed acceptable Cronbach’s alpha 0.63, 0.63, 0.66, 0.6, and 0.6, respectively. Anxious-dysthymic and anxious-irritability pairs showed the highest Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.4. Female subjects scored significantly more on the dysthymic, anxiety, and irritability temperaments and less on the cyclothymic temperament. The subscales of the short Persian version showed satisfactory Pearson’s correlation coefficients between 0.48 and 0.78 with similar subscales from the Persian translation of 110-item TEMPS-A.##Conclusion The 35-item Persian version of the TEMPS-A demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and sufficient correlation with the original version, and hence, can be conveniently used for the temperament studies of individuals using Persian language.## ##

اعتبارسنجی نسخه کوتاه فارسی پرسشنامه سرشت خلقی TEMPS-A Validation of the Brief Persian Version of the Affective Temperament Auto-Questionnaire TEMPS-A 1 1 اهداف سرشت‌های خلقی، ویژگی‌های تحت بالینی هستند که با اختلالات خلقی مرتبطند. تاکنون خودپرسش‌نامه ارزیابی سرشت ممفیس، پیزا، پاریس و سان دیه‌گو (TEMPS-A) به بیش از 25 زبان در دنیا ترجمه شده است. در برخی از نسخه‌ها هم‌زمان با اعتبارسنجی، این پرسش‌نامه کوتاه نیز شده است. این مطالعه برای اعتبارسنجی نسخه فارسی کوتاه این پرسش‌نامه در ایران انجام شده است. مواد و روش ها مطالعه به روش مقطعی انجام شد. نمونه شامل 694 دانشجوی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان از 10 دانشکده مختلف و روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌بندی شده بود. پس از مراحل ترجمه و بازترجمه پرسش‌نامه 110 سؤالی از تمامی شرکت‌کنندگان خواسته شد ترجمه فارسی پرسش‌نامه را کامل کنند. تحلیل عامل اکتشافی با روش تحلیل مؤلفه اصلی به کارگرفته شد. با توجه به مطالعات مشابه و مفروضات نظری ابتدا راه حل پنج عاملی به کار گرفته شد. برای بررسی انسجام درونی زیرمقیاس‌های نسخه فارسی کوتاه از آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. ضریب همبستگی پیرسون بین زیرمقیاس‌های نسخه فارسی کوتاه با هم و همچنین بین هر کدام از آن‌ها با زیرمقیاس متناظر از نسخه 110سؤالی مشخص شد. تفاوت دو جنس در هر زیرمقیاس نسخه فارسی کوتاه با آزمون یو مان-ویتنی بررسی شد. داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 21 تحلیل شدند. یافته ها پنج عامل سرشت تحریک‌پذیر، مضطرب، افسرده‌خویی، ادواری‌خویی و شیداخویی به دست آمد که 35 جزء داشت و به ترتیب انسجام درونی 0/63 ،0/63، 66/0، 6/0 و 6/0 نشان دادند. از نظر ارتباط بین عوامل، قوی‌ترین ارتباط بین زیرمقیاس مضطرب با زیرمقیاس‌های افسرده‌خویی و تحریک‌پذیر مشاهده شد. زنان به طور معنی‌داری نمرات بیشتری در سرشت‌های افسرده‌خویی، مضطرب و تحریک‌پذیر و نمرات کمتری در زیرمقیاس ادواری‌خویی به دست آوردند. زیرمقیاس‌های نسخه فارسی کوتاه با زیرمقیاس‌های متناظر از ترجمه فارسی 110سؤالی ارتباط پیرسون بین 48/0 و 78/0را نشان دادند. نتیجه گیری نسخه فارسی 35سؤالی پرسش‌نامه TEMPS-A انسجام درونی قابل قبول و ارتباط خوبی با نسخه اصلی 110سؤالی داشت. پژوهشگران ایرانی در مطالعات سرشت می‌توانند به شیوه آسان‌تری از این پرسش‌نامه استفاده کنند.   2 Objectives Affective temperaments are subclinical trait manifestations related to mood disorders. The temperament evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) has been translated into more than 25 languages worldwide and has been shortened in a few of these translations. The primary objective of the study is to validate a brief Persian version of the TEMPS-A. Methods The sample consisted of 694 University students educated in 10 different faculties of Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. After translation and back-translation process, participants were asked to complete the Persian translation of the original 110-item TEMPS-A. The exploratory factor was analyzed using the principal component analysis  method. A five-factor solution was applied based on other studies and theoretical assumptions. Results The five factors such as irritability, anxiety, dysthymic, cyclothymic, and hyperthymic temperaments with a total of 35 items showed acceptable Cronbach’s alpha 0.63, 0.63, 0.66, 0.6, and 0.6, respectively. Anxious-dysthymic and anxious-irritability pairs showed the highest Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.4. Female subjects scored significantly more on the dysthymic, anxiety, and irritability temperaments and less on the cyclothymic temperament. The subscales of the short Persian version showed satisfactory Pearson’s correlation coefficients between 0.48 and 0.78 with similar subscales from the Persian translation of 110-item TEMPS-A. Conclusion The 35-item Persian version of the TEMPS-A demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and sufficient correlation with the original version, and hence, can be conveniently used for the temperament studies of individuals using Persian language.   92 107 2017/06/82017/02/202017/08/192017/01/92016/11/72017/05/62017/01/22017/02/23 1395/12/5 2017/10/112017/03/142017/11/12017/10/302017/06/192017/11/12017/07/232017/07/23 1396/5/1 نوید خلیلی Navid Khalili مرکز تحقیقات علوم اعصاب کرمان، پژوهشکده نوروفارماکولوژی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران ایران Email: navidkhalili2000@yahoo.com محمد اسماعیل پنجعلی زاده Mohammad Esmaiel Panjalizadeh مرکز تحقیقات مدلسازی در سلامت، پژوهشکده آینده پژوهی در سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران ایران یونس جهانی Yunes Jahani گروه آمارزیستی و اپیدمیولوژی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران ایران yonesjahani@yahoo.com Temperament Mood disorders Psychometrics Iran سرشت اختلالات خلقی روان سنجی ایران Akiskal HS, Mallya G. 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