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جایگاه معنویت در خدمات سلامت روان Spirituality in Mental Health Services 1 1 این مقاله نامه به سردبیر است و فاقد چکیده فارسی می باشد. 2 Spirituality is the sublime aspect of human existence bestowed on all humans to traverse the path of transcendence which is closest to God. Despite many studies in this field, no evidence supports their contribution in treatment and care programs of the mental health system. Simple trainings in the” spirituality and health” can certainly affect our mental health services.   6 9 2016/10/31 1395/8/10 2017/04/1 1396/1/12 نادره معماریان Nadereh Memaryan گروه سلامت روان، مرکز تحقیقات سلامت معنوی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران، تهران، ایران. ایران Email:memaryan.n@iums.ac.ir Spirituality Mental Health human existence معنویت سلامت روان Memaryan N, Rassouli M, Mehrabi M. Spirituality concept by health professionals in Iran: A qualitative study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2016; 2016:1–9. doi: 10.1155/2016/8913870##Naghavi A. [Qualitative study of spirituality and resilience from the perspective of Iranian immigrant women in Melbourne (Australia) (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2016; 21(4):281-96.##Azarnik S, Seddigh R, Keshavarz-Akhlaghi AA, Memaryan N. [Educational resources of psychiatry residency about spirituality in Iran: A qualitative study (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2015; 21(2):175-86.##Jafari N, Loghmani A, Puchalski CM. Spirituality and health care in Iran: Time to reconsider. Journal of Religion and Health. 2014; 53(6):1918–22. doi: 10.1007/s10943-014-9887-2##Lucchetti G, Lucchetti ALG. Spirituality, religion, and health: Over the last 15 years of field research (1999–2013). The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 2014; 48(3):199–215. doi: 10.2190/pm.48.3.e##Memaryan N, Rassouli M, Nahardani SZ, Amiri P. Integration of spirituality in medical education in Iran: A qualitative exploration of requirements. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015; 2015:1–7. doi: 10.1155/2015/793085##Memaryan N, Doust Ali Vand H, Mehrabi M, Rasouli M, Ghaem panah Z. [How to take spiritual history? (Persian)]. Journal of Medical Figh. 2013; 5(15-16):135-54.##D'Souza R. The importance of spirituality in medicine and its application to clinical practice. Medical Journal of Australia. 2007; 186(10):57.##Memaryan N, Jolfaei AG, Ghaempanah Z, Shirvani A, Vand HD, Ghahari S, et al. Spiritual care for cancer patients in Iran. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2016; 17(9):4289-94. PMID: 27797232##*********************************## ##

مقایسه خطاهای شناختی و نشخوارهای فکری در بیماران مبتلا به اختلال وسواس فکری عملی و فوبی اجتماعی Comparison of Cognitive Errors and Rumination in Obsessive-Compulsive and Social Phobia Disorders 1 1 اهداف این مطالعه، با هدف مقایسه خطاهای شناختی و نشخوارهای فکری، در بیماران مبتلا به اختلال وسواس فکری‌عملی و فوبی اجتماعی انجام شد. مواد و روش ها طرح پژوهش، تحقیق توصیفی پس‌رویدادی، از نوع مقطعی بود. شرکت‌کنندگان پژوهش، سی نفر بیمار مبتلا به اختلال وسواس فکری‌عملی و سی نفر بیمار مبتلا به اختلال فوبی اجتماعی، در رده سنی پانزده تا پنجاه سال شهر زنجان بودند. این افراد، به‌صورت نمونه دردسترس و با استفاده از تشخیص روان‌پزشک و مصاحبه تشخیصی ساختاریافته (SCID-I) و ((SCID-II و براساس معیارهای ورود و خروج انتخاب شدند. برای اندازه‌گیری متغیرها، پرسش‌نامه خطاهای شناختی ((CET و پرسش‌نامه سبک پاسخ‌دهی نشخواری (RRS) به‌کار رفت. داده‌ها، با استفاده از نسخه هجدهم نرم‌افزار SPSS و ازطریق روش تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره ((MANOVA تحلیل شد. یافته ها نتایج‌ نشان داد که بین مؤلفه‌های خطای شناختی بیماران دو گروه، تفاوت معنادار وجود دارد (P≤0/05). افزون‌براین، بین میانگین نمرات مؤلفه‌های نشخوار فکری در گروه‌ها، در سطح 05/0 تفاوت معنادار وجود ندارد. نتیجه گیری براساس یافته‌های پژوهش، خطاهای شناختی و نشخوارهای فکری، نقش مهمی در اختلال‌های وسواس فکری‌عملی و فوبی اجتماعی دارد که هر دو گروه، آن‌ها را تجربه می‌کنند؛ هرچند بیماران مبتلا به اختلال وسواس فکری‌عملی، درمقایسه‌با بیماران مبتلا به اختلال فوبی اجتماعی، خطاهای شناختی بیشتری دارند. همچنین نتایج، نقش برابر نشخوارهای فکری را در آسیب‌شناسی این دو گروه تأیید می‌کند.   2 Objectives The present research was conducted to compare cognitive errors and rumination in patients with obsessive–compulsive and social phobia disorders. Methods The research design was cross-sectional post event descriptive survey. The research participants included 30 patients with social phobia disorder and 30 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who were aged between 15 and 50 years in Zanjan city, who were available    samples.  They were selected on the basis of psychiatrist diagnosis and structured diagnostic interviews (SCID-I) and (SCID-II), and the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cognitive errors questionnaire and ruminative response style questionnaire were used to measure the variables. Results The results, analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance, indicated that there is a significant difference with regard to the components of cognitive error between the patients belonging to the two groups (obsessive–compulsive and social phobia disorders )(P≤0.05). There was no significant difference between the mean scores of rumination components in groups’ P≤0.05 level. Conclusion According to the research findings, cognitive errors and rumination play important roles in obsessive–compulsive and social phobia disorders as experienced by both the groups. However, the patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder had more cognitive errors compared to the patients with social phobia disorder. The results confirm the equal role of rumination in the psychopathology of these two groups. 10 21 2016/10/312016/12/9 1395/9/19 2017/04/12017/02/15 1395/11/27 الناز موسوی Elnaz Mousavi گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علومرفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران ایران Email:Elnaz48.mousavi@gmail.com بنفشه غرایی Banafsheh Gharraee گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران ایران Email: gharraee.b@iums.ac.ir عباس رمضانی فرانی Abas Ramazani Farani گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران ایران ramezanifarani@gmail.com فرهاد طارمیان Farhad Taremian گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علومرفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران ایران taremian@gmail.com Obsessive compulsive disorder Social phobia disorder Cognitive errors Rumination اختلال وسواس فکری عملی اختلال فوبی اجتماعی خطاهای شناختی نشخوارهای فکری Ryan CE, Epstein NB, Keitner G. Evaluating and treating families: The McMaster Approach. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group; 2005. ##Rapee RM, Spence SH. The etiology of social phobia: Empirical evidence and an initial model. Clinical Psychology Review. 2004; 24(7):737-67. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2004.06.004 ##Wells A, Davies MI. The thought control questionnaire: A measure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thoughts. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1994; 32(8):871-8. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)90168-6 ##Leahy L, Holland J. Treatment plans and interventions for depression and anxiety disorders. New York: Guilford Press; 2001. ##Wilson KA, Chambless DL. Inflated perceptions of responsibility and obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1999; 37(4):325–35. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00146-6 ##Peter M, Birgit M, Madelon A, Tamara R, Julie W. Predictors of change following cognitive-behavioral treatment of children with anxiety problems: A preliminary investigation on negative automatic thoughts and anxiety control. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 2008; 40(1):139–151. doi: 10. 1007/s10578-008-0116-7##Julien D, O’Connor KP, Aardema F. Intrusive thoughts, obsessions, and appraisals in obsessive–compulsive disorder: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review. 2007; 27(3):366–383. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2006.12.004 ##Calvete E, Orue I, Hankin BL. Early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescents: The mediating role of anxious automatic thoughts. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2013; 27(3):278-88. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.02.011 ##Pirbaglou M, Cribbie R, Irvine J, Radhu N, Vora K, Ritvo P. Perfectionism, anxiety, and depressive distress: Evidence for the mediating role of negative automatic thoughts and anxiety sensitivity. Journal of American College Health. 2013; 61(8):477–83. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2013.833932##Hong RY. Worry and rumination: Differential associations with anxious and depressive symptoms and coping behavior. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2007; 45(2)277–90. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2006.03.006 ##Kim S, Yu BH, Lee DS, Kim JH. Ruminative response in clinical patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012; 136(1-2):77–81. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.06.034 ##Aderka IM, Hofmann SG, Nickerson A, Hermesh H, Gilboa-Schectman E, Marom S. Functional impairment in social anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2012; 26(3):393–400. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.01.003 ##Kim S, Yu BH, Lee DS, Kim JH. Ruminative response in clinical patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012; 136(1-2):77–81. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.06.034 ##Calmes CA, Roberts JE. Repetitive thought and emotional distress: Rumination and worry as prospective predictors of depressive and anxious symptomatology. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2007; 31(3):343-56. doi: 10.1007/s10608-006-9026-9 ##Atayi Sh, Fata L, Ahmadi A. [Rumination and cognitive- behaviorl avoidance in major depression disorder and social anxiety disorder (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2014; 19(4):283-295##Segerstrom SC, Tsao JCI, Alden LE, Craske MG. Worry and rumination: Repetitive thought as a concomitant and predictor of negative mood. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2000; 24(6)671-88. doi: 10.1023/A:1005587311498##Clark DA. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for OCD. New York: Guilford Publications; 2004. ##Meygouni D. [The relationship between personality catagories and cognitive errors (Persian)] [MSc. thesis]. Tehran: Iran University of Medical Sciences; 1380. ##Farchione TJ, Fairholme CP, Ellard KK, Boisseau CL, Thompson-Hollands J, Carl JR, et al. Unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy. 2012; 43(3):666-78. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2012.01.001 ##Freeston MH, Rheume J, Ladouceur R. Correcting faulty appraisals of obsessional thoughts. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1996; 34(5-6):433–46. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(95)00076-3 ##Sharifi V, As'adi SM, Mohammadi MR, Amini H, Kaviani H, Semnani Y. [Reliabhity and capability of administration of Persian version of SCID for DSM-IV (Persian)]. Advances in Cognitive Science. 2004; 6(1-2):10-22. ##Bakhtiari M. [Epidemiology of mental disorder in body dismorphic disorder (Persian)] [MSc. thesis]. Tehran: Iran University of Medical Sciences; 1379. ##Kramer GP, Bernestain DA, Phares V. Introduction to clinical psychology, [M. Firoozbakht, Persian trans]. Tehran: Arasbaran; 1390. ##Christoffel DJ, Golden SA, Russo SJ. Structural and synaptic plasticity in stress-related disorders. Reviews in the Neurosciences. 2011; 22(5):535-49. doi: 10. 1515/rns. 2011. 044 ##Hofman SG. Cognitive factors that maintain social anxiety disorder: A comprehensive model and its treatment implication. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2007; 36(4):195-209. doi: 10.1080/16506070701421313##Galassi JP, Galassi MD. Modification of heterosocial skills deficits. In: Bellack AS, Hersen M, editors. Research and Practice in Social Skills. New York: Plenum; 1979. ##Brozovich FA, Goldin P, Lee I, Jazaieri H, Heimberg RG, Gross JJ. The Effect of Rumination and Reappraisal on Social Anxiety Symptoms During Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology . 2014; 71(3):208–18. ##Ryan CE, Epstein NB, Keitner G. Evaluating and treating families: The McMaster Approach. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group; 2005. ##Rapee RM, Spence SH. The etiology of social phobia: Empirical evidence and an initial model. Clinical Psychology Review. 2004; 24(7):737-67. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2004.06.004 ##Wells A, Davies MI. The thought control questionnaire: A measure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thoughts. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1994; 32(8):871-8. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)90168-6 ##Leahy L, Holland J. Treatment plans and interventions for depression and anxiety disorders. New York: Guilford Press; 2001. ##Wilson KA, Chambless DL. Inflated perceptions of responsibility and obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1999; 37(4):325–35. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00146-6 ##Peter M, Birgit M, Madelon A, Tamara R, Julie W. Predictors of change following cognitive-behavioral treatment of children with anxiety problems: A preliminary investigation on negative automatic thoughts and anxiety control. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 2008; 40(1):139–151. doi: 10. 1007/s10578-008-0116-7##Julien D, O’Connor KP, Aardema F. Intrusive thoughts, obsessions, and appraisals in obsessive–compulsive disorder: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review. 2007; 27(3):366–383. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2006.12.004 ##Calvete E, Orue I, Hankin BL. Early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescents: The mediating role of anxious automatic thoughts. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2013; 27(3):278-88. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.02.011 ##Pirbaglou M, Cribbie R, Irvine J, Radhu N, Vora K, Ritvo P. Perfectionism, anxiety, and depressive distress: Evidence for the mediating role of negative automatic thoughts and anxiety sensitivity. Journal of American College Health. 2013; 61(8):477–83. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2013.833932##Hong RY. Worry and rumination: Differential associations with anxious and depressive symptoms and coping behavior. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2007; 45(2)277–90. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2006.03.006 ##Kim S, Yu BH, Lee DS, Kim JH. Ruminative response in clinical patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012; 136(1-2):77–81. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.06.034 ##Aderka IM, Hofmann SG, Nickerson A, Hermesh H, Gilboa-Schectman E, Marom S. Functional impairment in social anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2012; 26(3):393–400. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.01.003 ##Kim S, Yu BH, Lee DS, Kim JH. Ruminative response in clinical patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012; 136(1-2):77–81. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.06.034 ##Calmes CA, Roberts JE. Repetitive thought and emotional distress: Rumination and worry as prospective predictors of depressive and anxious symptomatology. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2007; 31(3):343-56. doi: 10.1007/s10608-006-9026-9 ##Atayi Sh, Fata L, Ahmadi A. [Rumination and cognitive- behaviorl avoidance in major depression disorder and social anxiety disorder (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2014; 19(4):283-295##Segerstrom SC, Tsao JCI, Alden LE, Craske MG. Worry and rumination: Repetitive thought as a concomitant and predictor of negative mood. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2000; 24(6)671-88. doi: 10.1023/A:1005587311498##Clark DA. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for OCD. New York: Guilford Publications; 2004. ##Meygouni D. [The relationship between personality catagories and cognitive errors (Persian)] [MSc. thesis]. Tehran: Iran University of Medical Sciences; 1380. ##Farchione TJ, Fairholme CP, Ellard KK, Boisseau CL, Thompson-Hollands J, Carl JR, et al. Unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy. 2012; 43(3):666-78. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2012.01.001 ##Freeston MH, Rheume J, Ladouceur R. Correcting faulty appraisals of obsessional thoughts. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1996; 34(5-6):433–46. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(95)00076-3 ##Sharifi V, As'adi SM, Mohammadi MR, Amini H, Kaviani H, Semnani Y. [Reliabhity and capability of administration of Persian version of SCID for DSM-IV (Persian)]. Advances in Cognitive Science. 2004; 6(1-2):10-22. ##Bakhtiari M. [Epidemiology of mental disorder in body dismorphic disorder (Persian)] [MSc. thesis]. Tehran: Iran University of Medical Sciences; 1379. ##Kramer GP, Bernestain DA, Phares V. Introduction to clinical psychology, [M. Firoozbakht, Persian trans]. Tehran: Arasbaran; 1390. ##Christoffel DJ, Golden SA, Russo SJ. Structural and synaptic plasticity in stress-related disorders. Reviews in the Neurosciences. 2011; 22(5):535-49. doi: 10. 1515/rns. 2011. 044 ##Hofman SG. Cognitive factors that maintain social anxiety disorder: A comprehensive model and its treatment implication. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2007; 36(4):195-209. doi: 10.1080/16506070701421313##Galassi JP, Galassi MD. Modification of heterosocial skills deficits. In: Bellack AS, Hersen M, editors. Research and Practice in Social Skills. New York: Plenum; 1979. ##Brozovich FA, Goldin P, Lee I, Jazaieri H, Heimberg RG, Gross JJ. The Effect of Rumination and Reappraisal on Social Anxiety Symptoms During Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology . 2014; 71(3):208–18. ##

مقایسه کنترل تکانه و نظم بخشی هیجانی در بیماران مبتلا و غیرمبتلا به اعتیاد غذایی Comparing Impulse Control and Emotional Regulation in Patients With and Without Food Addiction 1 1 اهدف هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی متغیر‌های کنترل تکانه و نظم‌بخشی هیجانی در بیماران مبتلا به اعتیاد غذایی درمقایسه‌با گروه کنترل بود. مواد و روش ها پژوهش حاضر، از نوع مقطعی (پس‌رویدادی) بود و تمامی نمونه‌های این مطالعه را بیماران مرد تشکیل می‌دادند. از بین بیماران مراجعه‌کننده به کلینیک چاقی بیمارستان امام‌خمینی(ره) و کلینیک‌های چاقی شهر تهران، براساس نمونه‌گیری مبتنی‌بر هدف، سی نفر مرد مبتلا به اعتیاد غذایی به‌عنوان نمونه پژوهشی انتخاب شدند. همچنین، سی نفر باتوجه‌به همتاسازی انجام‌شده با گروه پژوهشی از بین کارکنان کلینیک، بیمارستان و دانشجویان دانشگاه تهران برگزیده شدند. برای ارزیابی کنترل تکانه و نظم‌بخشی هیجانی، به‌ترتیب از این ابزارها استفاده شد: مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته SCID-I برای سرند و پرسش‌نامه اعتیاد غذایی یال (YFAS) به‌منظور تشخیص گروه‌های پژوهشی، مقیاس تکانشگری بارت (BIS-11) و پرسش‌نامه دشواری برای تنظیم هیجانی گراتز (DERS). افزون‌براین، به‌منظور ارزیابی هریک از متغیرها، از تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره (MANOVA) و نسخه شانزدهم نرم‌افزار SPSS استفاده شد. یافته ها نتایج نشان داد که بیماران مبتلا به اعتیاد غذایی درمقایسه‌با گروه کنترل، در تمامی شاخص‌های کنترل تکانه و نیز تنظیم هیجانی، ازنظر آماری نمره کمتری کسب کردند. نتیجه گیری بیماران مبتلا به اعتیاد غذایی درمقایسه‌با گروه کنترل، تکانشگری بیشتر و نظم‌بخشی کمتری داشتند؛ بنابراین، نقص در کنترل تکانه و نظم‌بخشی هیجانی، از عوامل مهم در شکل‌گیری و تداوم اعتیاد غذایی محسوب می‌شود. 2 Objectives This study examined the variables of impulse control and emotional regulation in patients with food addiction compared to the control group. Methods The study was cross-sectional, and the sample was composed of men. Thirty patients admitted to a clinic for food addiction were part of the research group, and another 30 persons were part of the control group. Semi-structured interviews were used for screening the participants. The Yale Food Addiction Scale was used for diagnosis and research groups, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and Graz Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale were used to assess impulse control and emotional regulation, respectively. To evaluate each variable, multivariate analysis of variance was conducted. Results The findings demonstrated that patients had statistically achieved the lowest scores in all aspects of food addiction, impulse control and emotional regulation compared with the control group. Conclusion Patients with food addiction had high impulsivity and lower emotion regulation compared to the control group. Thus, it can be inferred that impaired impulse control and emotional regulation are important factors in the formation and persistence of addictions.   22 37 2016/10/312016/12/92016/09/29 1395/7/8 2017/04/12017/02/152017/01/8 1395/10/19 شیرزاد بابایی Shirzad Babaei گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران ایران Email: shirzadbabaei@gmail.com علی اصغر اصغرنژاد فرید Aliasghar Asgharnejad farid گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران ایران asgharnejad.ali@gmail.com فهیمه لواسانی Fahimeh Lavasani گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران ایران lavasani.fahimeh@gmail.com بهروز بیرشک Behrooz Birashk گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران، تهران، ایران ایران behroozbirashk@gmail.com Food addiction Impulse control Emotional regulation اعتیاد غذایی کنترل تکانه نظم‌بخشی هیجانی Joranby L, Pineda KF, Gold MS. 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رابطه بین همسر­آزاری و نشانگان افسردگی در قربانیان زن: نقش تعدیل کنندگی ویژگی­های شخصیتی Relationship Between Spouse Abuse and Depressive Symptoms in Women: The Moderating Role of Personality Characteristics 1 1  هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش تعدیل‌کنندگی ویژگی‌های شخصیتی در رابطه میان همسرآزاری علیه زنان با نشانه‌های افسردگی در آن­‌ها بود. مواد و روش ها روش پژوهش پیمایشی و از نوع همبستگی است. 400 زن متأهل با روش نمونه‌­گیری در­دسترس، به سه پرسش‌نامه همسرآزاری قهاری، افسردگی بک (BDI-II) و ویژگی‌­های شخصیتی NEO پاسخ دادند. تحلیل داده‌ها به روش رگرسیون سلسه مراتبی و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار spss 22 انجام شده است. یافته ها زنانی که دچار همسرآزاری می‌شوند، به طور معناداری دچار نشانه‌های افسردگی هستند. بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر، از بین ویژگی‌های شخصیتی، تنها ویژگی توافق‌جویی بین خشونت روان‌شناختی و خشونت جنسی با میزان نشانگان افسردگی نقش تعدیل‌کنندگی ایفا می کرد. نتیجه گیری با شناسایی و تشخیص ویژگی‌­های شخصیتی در زنان قربانی همسر­آزاری می‌توان زنان آسیب‌پذیر به خشونت را آموزش داد و درمان کرد.   2 Objectives Spouse abuse against women is the most prevalent type of family violence, and its harmful consequences threaten both women’s health and their well-being in family and society. It is very important to find the factors that eliminate these deleterious effects and protect women’s health. The aim of this study was to explore the moderator effect of personality characteristics in the relationship between spouse abuse and symptoms of depression among women. Methods For this purpose, 300 married women were provided with questionnaires measuring spouse abuse, depression symptoms (Beck depression inventory) and personality characteristics (NEO-FFI). Results According to the results, depressive symptoms in women were correlated with spouse abuse. Agreeableness was found to serve as a moderator between spouse abuse and depressive symptoms. Conclusion From these findings, one can conclude that women who experience spouse abuse suffer from depressive symptoms. 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تدوین پیشنویس قانون سلامت روان Development of the Draft of Law (Mental Health Act) 1 1 اهداف قوانین بهداشت روان در کشورها برای حفظ حقوق انسانی و مدنی افراد مبتلا به اختلال روانی تدوین شده‌اند. در ایران در مجموعه قوانین موجود به صورت پراکنده قوانینی وجود دارد، اما قانون بهداشت روانی مستقلی وجود ندارد. هدف از این طرح تدوین پیش‌نویس قانون بهداشت روان در ایران است. مواد و روش ها پیش‌نویس قانون بهداشت روان طی سه مرحله تدوین شد. در مرحله اول تدوین‌کنندگان، منابع موجود درباره قوانین مدون داخلی و خارجی را مرور کردند و از بین قوانین بهداشت روان کشورهای دیگر، یکی را که به نظر از همه کامل‌تر بود، به عنوان نمونه و راهنما انتخاب کردند. پس از آن درباره موضوعات مختلف در جلسات گروهی از جنبه‌های مختلف بحث و تبادل نظر انجام شد و درنهایت با رعایت وجوه فرهنگی، پیش‌نویس اولیه تدوین شد. این پیش‌نویس برای تعداد زیادی از کارشناسان بهداشت روان کشور، سازمان‌ها و نهادهای دولتی و غیردولتی ارسال و نظر آنان جمع‌آوری و طبقه‌بندی شد. سپس موضوعاتی که بر سر آن‌ها اختلاف نظر بود، در یک کارگاه کشوری با حضور صاحب‌نظران مطرح و نظر آنان جمع‌بندی و پیش‌نویس اولیه ویرایش نهایی شد. در مرحله دوم در مرکز تحقیقات اخلاق و تاریخ پزشکی با حضور چند نفر از حقوق‌دانان، پیش‌نویس تدوین‌شده به مواد قانونی تبدیل شد و مجدداً همچون مرحله اول، نظر کارشناسی صاحب‌نظران حقوقی و مراجع قضایی و تعداد زیادی از مراکز دانشگاهی، سازمان‌های دولتی و غیردولتی جمع‌آوری شد. برای تصمیم‌گیری نهایی، نظرات مغایر در کارگاه دوم کشوری مطرح و آخرین اصلاحات لازم انجام و پیش‌نویس در 10 فصل و 112 ماده نهایی شد. در مرحله سوم بر اساس پیشنهاد دفتر حقوقی وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی متن تهیه‌شده بازنگری و پیش‌نویس در 6 فصل و 50 ماده خلاصه شد. نتیجه گیری پیش‌نویس قانون بهداشت روان طی 8 سال در 6 فصل و 50 ماده تدوین شد. فصل‌های پیش‌نویس شامل تعاریف، بستری و درمان اجباری، روش‌های خاص درمانی، بیمار کیفری، گروه‌های ویژه و مقررات دیگر است. 2 Objectives Mental health acts have been developed in different countries to protect human and civil rights of people with psychiatric disorders. In Iran, although there are some scattered laws within the existing body of laws, there is no separate mental health act. The aim of the present project was to prepare a draft pertaining to the mental health act in the country. Methods The draft of the mental health act was developed over three stages. In the first stage, the authors reviewed the existing literature on domestic and foreign codified laws. Thereafter, the selection procedure of one mental health act, which seemed more complete and thorough as a model and guide, took place. Then, various issues were discussed from different vantage points in group sessions; and finally, keeping in mind the cultural aspects, the first draft of the act was prepared. The draft was sent to a number of mental health experts, organizations, governmental and non-governmental institutions, and their views were summarized and categorized. Following that, the disputed issues were presented at a national workshop in which various experts and stakeholders participated. Their opinions were summed up and the initial draft was finalized. In the second stage, at the Center for Ethics and History of Medicine, where a number of lawyers participated, the draft was converted into the form of legal codes (articles) and like the first stage, the opinions of legal experts, judicial authorities and a large number of universities, governmental and non-governmental organizations were obtained. In order to make the final decision, the conflicting views were addressed at a second national workshop, where the final corrections were made, and the draft spanning 10 chapters and 112 articles was prepared. In the third stage, considering the suggestion of the legal office of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, the prepared text was revised and the draft was condensed into 50 articles. Results The first draft of the mental health act was developed over 8 years and included six chapters and 50 articles. The draft includes chapters on Definitions, Hospitalization, Involuntary Treatment, Special Treatment Methods, special groups, and other provisions. 50 67 2016/10/312016/12/92016/09/292016/09/32016/08/2 1395/5/12 2017/04/12017/02/152017/01/82017/01/212016/12/20 1395/9/30 مهدی نصر اصفهانی Mehdi Nasr Esfahani بیمارستان حضرت رسول اکرم، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، گروه روانپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت روان، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران ایران Email: mehdinassr@gmail.com جعفر عطاری مقدم Jafar Attari Moghadam بیمارستان فوق تخصصی مرکزی صنعت نفت ایران Mental health act Iran Involuntary hospitalization Criminal patient Guardianship قانون بهداشت روان ایران بستری اجباری بیمار کیفری قیمومت World Health Organization. WHO Checklist on Mental Health Legislation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003.##Curran WJ, Harding TW. The Law and mental health: Harmonizing objectives. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1978.##World Health Organization. Mental health atlas. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005.##World Health Organization. Mental health atlas. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014##World Health Organization. Mental health care law: Ten basic principles. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996.##Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Principles for the protection of persons with mental illness and the improvement of health care. New York: United Nations; 1991. ##Davidian, H. [Psychiatry in Iran in the early Islamic civilization (An analytical view) (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology. 1995; 2(1-2): 7-15. ##Moharrary, MR. A Glance at the History of Psychiatry in the World with Special Reference to Iran (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology. 1994; 1(2-3):27-49.##Rey-Shahri, M. [Wisdom (Arabic)]. Ghom: Matabe'e Markaz Al-Nashr; 1985. ##Abbassi, M. [Consent for treatment (Persian)]. Tehran: Hoghoughi Publication; 2001.##Hojjati Ashrafi, GhR. [The codex of basic – civil laws (Persian)]. Tehran: Ganj-e Danesh Publication. 1997. ##Legal Deputy of Presidency. [Civil law (Persian)]. Tehran: Deputy of Codification and Publication of Laws and Regulations; 2014. ##Tofighi, H. [Law and psychiatry (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine. 1996; 2(7):33-69. ##Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. Report on the Intercountry consultation on mental health legislation in different law traditions. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1999.##Shahmohammadi D. [A call for collaboration in preparing the draft of mental health act in Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & clinical Psychology (Andisheh va Raftar). 2008; 4(4):70.##Asgharzadeh-Amin, S. Shahmohammadi, D, Ehsanmanesh M. [Preliminary study of cultural contents of mentally disordered inpatient's delusions (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology. 2001; 7(1-2):33-39.##Yadollahi Z, Bolhari J. [The perspectives of Tehran psychiatrists on Iranian mental health laws (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology. 2004; 10(1-2):44-49. ##NSW Institute of Psychiatry. Mental health act guide book. New South Wales: The New South Wales Institute of Psychiatry; 1998.##Mane P, Gandevia Y. Mental health in India: Issues and concerns. Bombay: TATA Institute of Social Sciences; 1993.##Ministry of Health. Guide to the mental health act. London: Ministry of Health; 2005.##Mental Health Coordinating Council. The mental health rights manual: An online guide to the legal and human rights of people navigating the mental health and human service systems in NSW. 4th ed. New South Wales: Mental Health Coordinating Council; 1995. ##Law foundation of New South Wales. Mental health rights manual: A guide to the legal and human rights of people with a mental illnessin NSW. New South Wales: Law foundation of New South Wales Publishing; 1995. ##Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2009.##Academy of Medical Sciences. [Report of the 200th session of the Health and Nutrition Sciences Committee (Persian)]. Tehran: Academy of Medical Sciences.##Academy of Medical Sciences. [Report of the 202th session of the Health and Nutrition Sciences committee (Persian)]. Tehran: Academy of Medical Sciences.##Nasr Esfahani M, Attari Moghadam J, Rasoulian M, Ghalehbandi M, Saberi SM, Samimi-Ardestani S M, et al. [Involuntary treatment and hospitalization: Review of mental health acts (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2008; 14(1):4-16.## ##

بررسی برخی همبسته های مذهبی افسردگی مرگ در بین دانشجویان The Study of Some Religious Correlates of Death Depression Among University Students 1 1 اهداف افسردگی مرگ، نگرش‌های افسرده‌وار مربوط‌به مرگ را در ابعاد ناامیدی، تنهایی، رعب، غمگینی و قطعیت مرگ شامل می‌شود. پژوهش حاضر، با هدف بررسی برخی هم‌بسته‌های مذهبی افسردگی مرگ انجام شد. مواد و روش ها در این بررسیِ توصیفی‌تحلیلی، نمونه‌ای به حجم 347 نفر به روش تصادفی طبقه‌ای، از بین دانشجویان دانشگاه پیام‌نور استان آذربایجان‌شرقی انتخاب شدند. شرکت‌کنندگان به مقیاس‌های افسردگی مرگ، عمل به باور‌های دینی معبد، مقابله مذهبی و سبک‌‌های دل‌بستگی به خدا پاسخ دادند. داده‌ها، با استفاده از روش رگرسیون چندمتغیری در نسخه بیست‌ویکم نرم افزارSPSS تحلیل شد. یافته ها از بین متغیرهای بررسی‌شده، مقابله مذهبی منفی و سبک دل‌بستگی ناایمن به خدا، بیشترین سهم را در تبیین افسردگی مرگ نشان داد. نتیجه گیری کسانی که هنگام مواجهه با رویدادهای زندگی از راهبردهای انطباقی منفی استفاده می‌کنند، افسردگی مرگ بیشتری تجربه می‌کنند. همچنین، افسردگی مرگ در این‌گونه افراد بیشتر است: افرادی که خدا را بیشتر به‌عنوان منبعی از تنبیه تصور می‌کنند تا منبعی از عشق و کسانی که در پذیرش خداوند به‌عنوان پایگاه امن، دچار تردید و اضطراب هستند.   2 Objectives Death depression consists of death despair, death loneliness,death sadness, death dread, and death finality. The present study was carried out with the aim of investigating some religious correlates of death depression. Methods In this descriptive analytical study, a sample of 347 participants was selected using stratified sampling method. The participants responded to death obsession, acting on religious beliefs, religious coping, and attachment to God Scales. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results Among the religious variables, insecure attachment to God and negative religious coping showed high contribution in predicting death depression. Conclusion When the participants faced real-life events, those who used negative coping strategies experienced higher death depression. In addition, those who considered God Asa source of punishment rather thana source of love and remained doubtful and anxious in accepting God as a secure base showed higher death depression.   68 77 2016/10/312016/12/92016/09/292016/09/32016/08/22016/09/22 1395/7/1 2017/04/12017/02/152017/01/82017/01/212016/12/202017/02/21 1395/12/3 علی محمدزاده Ali Mohammadzadeh دکترای روانشناسی، دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور ایران احمد عاشوری Ahmad Ashouri گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران ایران Email:ahmad.ashouri@gmail.com Research anxiety Student Validation افسردگی مرگ سبک دلبستگی باورهای دینی مقابله مذهبی Templer DI, Lavoie M, Chalgujian H, Thomas-Dobson S. The measure of death depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1990; 46(6):834-839. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(199011)46:6<834::aid-jclp2270460623>3.0.co; 2-0##Cohen AB, Pierce JD, Chambers J, Meade R, Gorvine BJ, Koenig HG. Intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity, belief in the afterlife, death anxiety, and life satisfaction in young Catholics and Protestants. Journal of Research in Personality. 2005; 39(3):307–24. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2004.02.005##Maxfield M, John S, Pyszczynski T. A terror management perspective on the role of death-related anxiety in psychological dysfunction. The Humanistic Psychologist. 2014; 42(1):35–53. doi: 10.1080/08873267.2012.732155##Iverach L, Menzies RG, Menzies RE. Death anxiety and its role in psychopathology: Reviewing the status of a transdiagnostic construct. Clinical Psychology Review. 2014; 34(7):580–93. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2014.09.002##Ongider N, Eyuboglu SO. Investigation of death anxiety among depressive patients. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2013; 16(1):34-46.##Fortner BV, Robert A. Neimeyer B. Death anxiety in older adults: a quantitative review. Death Studies. 1999; 23(5):387–411. doi: 10.1080/074811899200920##Eshbaugh E, Henninger W. Potential mediators of the relationships between gender and death anxiety. Individual Differences Research. 2013; 11(1):22-30.##Alvarado KA, Templer DI, Bresler C, Thomas-Dobson S. The relationship of religious variables to death depression and death anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1995; 51(2):202–204. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(199503)51:2<202::aid-jclp2270510209>3.0.co; 2-m##Harville M, Stokes SJ, Templer DI, Rienzi B. Relation of existential and religious variables to the death depression scale-revised. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying. 2004; 48(2):165–84. doi: 10.2190/c2mj-5dxn-eu6c-n2xr##Pourghane P, Sharif Azar E, Zaer Sabet F, Khorsandi M. [Survey the effect of religious beliefs in stress reduction in students of Langroud Faculty of medical sciences (Persian)]. Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery. 2011; 20(63):10–15.##Pargament KI. The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research and practice. New York: Guilford Press; 1997.##Ghobari Bonab B. [Religious beliefs and its effects on mental health (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology. 1995; 1(4):48-54.##Harding SR, Flannelly KJ, Weaver AJ, Costa KG. The influence of religion on death anxiety and death acceptance. Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 2005; 8(4):253–61. doi: 10.1080/13674670412331304311##Soleimannejad A. [Fear of death in patients with hypochondriasis and anxiety disorders (Persian)]. Urmia Medical Journal. 2010; 21(2) :273-279.##Cassidy J, Shaver PR. Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical application. 2nd ed. NewYork: Guilford Press; 2008.##Rowatt W, Kirkpatrick LA. Two dimensions of attachment to god and their relation to affect, religiosity, and personality constructs. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 2002; 41(4):637–51. doi: 10.1111/1468-5906.00143##Sepah Mansour M, Shahabi Zadeh F, Khoshnevis E. [Perceived childhood attachment, adult attachment and attachment to God (Persian)]. Journal of Developmental Psychology. 2008; 4(15):253-265.##Bradshaw M, Ellison CG, Marcum JP. Attachment to God, images of God, and psychological distress in a nationwide sample of Presbyterians. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 2010; 20(2):130–47. doi: 10.1080/10508611003608049 ##Ulya-Nasab SH. [Investigating the relationship of piety and death anxiety among seminary and university students in Qom city (Persian)]. Ravanshenasi Va Din. 2010; 3(1):55-68. ##Aghazadeh SE, Mohammadzadeh A, Rezaie A. [Validation of death depression scale among Tabriz universities students (Persian)]. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences. 2014; 12(3):433-442. ##Golzari M. [Scale for measuring practice on religious Beliefs (Persian)]. Paper presented at: The Conference of Religion and Mental Health; 2000 December 14; Tehran, Iran.##Pargament K, Feuille M, Burdzy D. The brief RCOPE: Current psychometric status of a short measure of religious coping. 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ساخت و اعتباریابی مقیاس اضطراب از پژوهش برای دانشجویان Construction and Validation of a Scale of Research Anxiety for Students 1 1 اهداف هدف از این مطالعه، ساخت و اعتباریابی مقیاس اضطراب از پژوهش برای دانشجویان دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد بود. مواد و روش ها روش پژوهش حاضر، از نوع هم‌بستگی بود و جامعه پژوهش آن را تمامی دانشجویان مقطع کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال تحصیلی 94ـ1393 تشکیل می‌دادند. مقیاس تهیه‌شده این مطالعه، در دو مرحله مقدماتی و نهایی اجرا شد: در مرحله اجرای مقدماتی، ابتدا ابزار روی صد نفر از دانشجویان با روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس اجرا شد. سپس در مرحله اجرای نهایی، ابزار روی چهارصد نفر از دانشجویان اجرا شد که با روش نمونه‌گیری سهمیه‌ای برحسب جنسیت و رشته تحصیلی انتخاب شده بودند. داده‌ها، به کمک نسخه بیستم نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS و با روش تحلیل عاملی تحلیل شد. روایی مقیاس، ازطریق شیوه‌های داوری متخصصان و روایی هم‌گرا و واگرا و تحلیل عاملی و همچنین پایایی مقیاس، با کمک روش آلفای کرونباخ و بازآزمایی به‌دست آمد. یافته ها یافته‌ها نشان داد که تحلیل عاملی، تنها از یک عامل حمایت می‌کند. درنهایت، چهل عبارت انتخاب شد که روی هرعبارت حداقل بار عاملی، 3/0 داشت. روایی هم‌گرا و واگرای ابزار، ازطریق مطالعه هم‌بستگی با آزمون‌های اضطراب حالت و صفت اشپیل‌برگر و عزت‌نفس کوپر اسمیت بررسی شد. میزان هم‌بستگی بین عزت‌نفس و اضطراب از پژوهش، 63/0- و میزان هم‌بستگی بین اضطراب حالت و صفت اشپیل‌برگر و اضطراب از پژوهش، 65/0 مشاهده شد. پایایی مقیاس ازطریق آلفای کرونباخ، 87/0 و از روش بازآزمایی با یک هفته فاصله از اجرای مقدماتی، 76/0 مشاهده شد. نتیجه گیری نتایج نشان داد که مقیاس اضطراب از پژوهش، از روایی و پایایی درخورتوجهی برخوردار است و می‌تواند در بخش تحقیقاتی و مشاوره‌ای به‌کار گرفته شود.   2 Objectives The aim of this study was to design and validate a scale of research anxiety for students at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Methods The correlation method was used in this study. The population consisted of MA students at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in the academic year 2014-15. The prepared scales were analyzed in two stages: preliminary and final stages. In the preliminary stage, the scale was implemented on 100 students selected via convenient sampling, and in the final stage, the tool was implemented on 400 students selected via quota sampling method based on gender and field of study. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results The results showed that the factor analysis using varimax rotation supported only one factor, and 40 items were selected on each phrase for at least 0.3 loadings. The validity of the scale was obtained with the help of the judgment of experts, convergent-divergent validity, and factor analysis. Scale converging-diverging validity done of correlation with the Spielberger State-Trait anxiety (STAI) and Cooper Smith self-esteem. The results showed negative relation (- 63.0) between self-esteem and research anxiety and a strong positive correlation (0.650) between Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety and research anxiety. Scale reliability was 0.87 via Cronbach's alpha and 0.76 via re-test after seven days. Conclusion The results showed that research anxiety scale has acceptable reliability and validity and can be used for a variety of applications.   78 93 2016/10/312016/12/92016/09/292016/09/32016/08/22016/09/222016/09/16 1395/6/26 2017/04/12017/02/152017/01/82017/01/212016/12/202017/02/212017/01/4 1395/10/15 فاطمه غلامی بورنگ Fatemeh Gholami Booreng گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد ایران Email: f.gholami87@yahoo.com بهروز مهرام Behrooz Mahram گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد ایرران Email:bmahram@um.ac.ir حسین کارشکی Hossein Kareshki دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد ایران kareshki@um.ac.ir Research anxiety Student Validation اضطراب از پژوهش دانشجو اعتباریابی Singewald N, Schmuckermair C, Whittle N, Holmes A, Ressler KJ. Pharmacology of cognitive enhancers for exposure-based therapy of fear, anxiety and trauma-related disorders. Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2015; 149:150–90. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.12.004.##Yigit A. 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ویژگیهای روانسنجی در مقیاس انعطافناپذیری روانشناختی تصویر بدنی Psychometric Properties of Body Image Psychological Inflexibility Scale 1 1 اهداف: هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی و ارزیابی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی در مقیاس انعطاف‌ناپذیری روان‌شناختی تصویر بدنی (BIPIS)، بر دانشجویان در هر دو جنس بود. مواد و روش ها جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر، دانشجویان دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینای همدان در سال تحصیلی 95-1394 بودند که براساس نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای، تعداد 329 نفر انتخاب شدند. به‌منظور بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی مقیاس مذکور، ابتدا مقیاس انعطاف‌ناپذیری روان‌شناختی تصویر بدنی (BIPIS) با شیوه ترجمه معکوس، ترجمه شد. درنهایت برای بررسی شاخص‌های روان‌سنجی آن، این مقیاس همراه‌با مقیاس فراشناخت بدشکلی بدنی و پرسش‌نامه انعطاف‌پذیری تصویر ذهنی از بدن اجرا شد. داده‌های گردآوری‌شده، با استفاده از این ابزارها تجزیه‌وتحلیل شد: نسخه 22 نرم‌افزار SPSS، نسخه 8/8 نرم‌افزار لیزرل، آلفای کرونباخ، روایی ملاکی، هم‌بستگی، تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تأییدی. یافته ها تحلیل داده‌های گردآوری‌شده، نشان داد که این مقیاس ازنظر پایایی در کل و در هر دو جنس، ضرایب آلفای 90/0 تا 93/0 دارد. همچنین، روایی همزمان آن با خُرده‌مقیاس‌های فراشناخت بدشکلی بدنی و انعطاف‌پذیری تصویر ذهنی از بدن، به‌ترتیب راهبردهای کنترل فراشناختی 71/0، عینیت‌بخشیدن به افکار 62/0، باورهای مثبت و منفی فراشناختی 75/0، رفتارهای ایمنی 69/0 و پرسش‌نامه انعطاف‌پذیری تصویر ذهنی از بدن (BI-AAQ)، 58/0- به‌دست آمد که در سطح 01/0>P معنادار بود. افزون‌براین نتایج تحلیل عاملی تأییدی، از ساختار تک‌عاملی پرسش‌نامه حمایت کرد. نتیجه گیری مقیاس انعطاف‌ناپذیری روان‌شناختی تصویر بدنی (BIPIS)، ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی مطلوبی در دانشجویان ایرانی دارد. 2 Objectives The aim of present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the Body Image Psychological Inflexibility Scale (BIPIS) in students of both genders. Methods The study sample consisted of Bu-Ali-Sina University students enrolled during the academic year 2016. A total of 329 students were selected based on multistage cluster sampling. To study the psychometric characteristics of the BIPIS, it was first translated with the help of the double-translation technique and then administered along with the Body Dysmorphic Meta-Cognitive Questionnaire and Body Image-Acceptance and Action questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed, and thereafter, its reliability, validity and confirmatory factor analysis were calculated. Results Analysis of the collected data showed that the scale has a reliability of 0.90 to 0.93 alpha coefficients in general and both genders. In addition, the concurrent validity of both genders with the sub-scales of Body Dysmorphic Meta-Cognitive Questionnaire and Body Image-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire was 0.71, 0.62, 0.75, 0.69 and -0.58 for Meta-Cognitive strategies, thought- action fusion, Meta-Cognitive negative and positive beliefs, safety behaviors, and body image-acceptance and action questionnaire respectively. Which in the P<0.01 level was significant. Moreover, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the factor structure of the questionnaire. Conclusion The BIPIS favors psychometric properties among Iranian students. 94 107 2016/10/312016/12/92016/09/292016/09/32016/08/22016/09/222016/09/162016/10/30 1395/8/9 2017/04/12017/02/152017/01/82017/01/212016/12/202017/02/212017/01/42017/02/19 1395/12/1 سهراب امیری Sohrab Amiri گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ارومیه ایران Email: amirysohrab@yahoo.com ابوالقاسم یعقوبی *, Abolghasem Yaghoubi دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا ایران Psychological inflexibility Body image Body dysmorphic Factor analysis انعطاف ناپذیری روانشناختی تصویر بدنی بدشکلی بدنی تحلیل عاملی Cash T, Smolak L. Body image. New York: Guilford Press; 2011. ##Cash T, Phillips K, Santos M, Hrabosky J. Measuring negative body image: Validation of the body image disturbance questionnaire in a nonclinical population. Body Image. 2004; 1(4):363-372. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2004.10.001 ##Greenberg JL, Delinsky SS, Reese HE, Buhlmann U, Wilhelm S. Body image. In: Grant J, Potenza M, editors. Young Adult Mental Health. New York: Oxford University Press; 2010. ##American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic & statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.##Phillips K, Didie E, Menard W, Pagano M, Fay C, Weisberg R. Clinical features of body dysmorphic disorder in adolescents and adults. Psychiatric Research. 2006; 141(3):305-314. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2005.09.014##Phillips K, Menard W, Fay C, Weisberg R. Demographic characteristics, phenomenology, comorbidity, and family history in 200 individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. Psychosomatics. 2005; 46(4):317-325. doi: 10.1176/appi.psy.46.4.317##Veale D, Boocock A, Gournay K, Dryden W. Body dysmorphic disorder: A survey of fifty cases. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1996; 169(2):196–201. doi: 10.1192/bjp.169.2.196##Buhlmann U, Glaesmer H, Mewes R, Fama JM, Wilhelm S, Brähler E, et al. Updates on the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder: A population based survey. Psychiatry Research. 2010; 178(1):171–175. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.05.002##Rief W, Buhlmann U, Wilhelm S, Borkenhagen A, Brhler E. The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder: A population-based survey. Psychological Medicine. 2006; 36(6):877. doi: 10.1017/s0033291706007264##Bohne A, Wilhelm S, Keuthen N, Florin I, Baer L, Jenike M. Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in a German college student sample. Psychiatry Research. 2002; 109(1):101-104. doi: 10.1016/s0165-1781(01)00363-8##Koran LM, Abujaoude E, Large MD, Serpe RT. The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in the United States adult population. CNS Spectrums. 2008; 13(4):316–322. doi: 10.1017/s1092852900016436##Callaghan G, Duenas J, Nadeau S, Darrow S, Van der Merwe J, Misko J. An empirical model of body image disturbance using behavioral principles found in functional analytic psychotherapy and acceptance and commitment therapy. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy. 2012; 7(2-3):16-24. doi: 10.1037/h0100932##Bond FW, Hayes SC, Baer RA, Carpenter KM, Guenole N, Orcutt HK, et al. Preliminary psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy. 2011; 42(4):676-688. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007##Hayes SC, Strosahl KD, Wilson KG. Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2011.##Sandoz E, Wilson K, Merwin R, Kate Kellum K. Assessment of body image flexibility: The Body Image-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. 2013; 2(1-2):39-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2013.03.002 ##Wenzlaff RM, Wegner DM. Thought suppression. Annual Review of Psychology. 2000; 51(1):59–91. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.59##Hooper N, Saunders J, McHugh L. The derived generalization of thought suppression. Learning & Behavior. 2010; 38(2):160-168. doi: 10.3758/lb.38.2.160##Callaghan G, Sandoz E, Darrow S, Feeney T. The body image psychological inflexibility scale: Development and psychometric properties. Psychiatry Research. 2015; 226(1):45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.039##Gregg J, Callaghan G, Hayes S, Glenn-Lawson J. Improving diabetes self-management through acceptance, mindfulness, and values: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007; 75(2):336-343. doi: 10.1037/0022-006x.75.2.336 ##Lillis J, Hayes S, Bunting K, Masuda A. Teaching acceptance and mindfulness to improve the lives of the obese: A preliminary test of a theoretical model. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2009; 37(1):58-69. doi: 10.1007/s12160-009-9083-x##Lillis J, Hayes S. Measuring avoidance and inflexibility in weight related problems. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy. 2008; 4(4):348-354. doi: 10.1037/h0100865##Berman M, Boutelle K, Crow S. A case series investigating acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for previously treated, unremitted patients with anorexia nervosa. European Eating Disorders Review. 2009; 17(6):426-434. doi: 10.1002/erv.962##Hrabosky J, Cash T, Veale D, Neziroglu F, Soll E, Garner D, et al. Multidimensional body image comparisons among patients with eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, and clinical controls: A multisite study. Body Image. 2009; 6(3):155-163. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.03.001##Cash T, Santos M, Williams E. Coping with body-image threats and challenges: Validation of the body image coping strategies inventory. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2005; 58(2):190-199. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.07.008##Cash T. Body image: Past, present, and future. 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کارآزمایی شاهددار تصادفی برای پیگیری تلفنی در افراد مبتلا به اختلالهای شدید روانپزشکی: پروتکل مطالعه A Randomized Controlled Trial of Telephone Follow-Up in Patients With Severe Mental Illness: Study Protocol 1 1 اهداف هدف مطالعه حاضر، تعیین اثربخشی پیگیری تلفنی در افراد مبتلا به اختلال‌های شدید روان‌پزشکی، درمقایسه ‌با خدمات معمول پس‌ازترخیص از بیمارستان بود. مواد و روش ها این مطالعه، کارآزمایی بالینی شاهددار و تصادفی بود. فرضیه اولیه پژوهش حاضر، این بود که پیگیری تلفنی افراد مبتلا به اختلال‌های شدید روان‌پزشکی پس‌ازترخیص از بیمارستان در درمانگاه سرپایی، درمقایسه‌با خدمات معمولی که در بیمارستان ارائه می‌شود، در کاهش مدت زمان بستری و دفعات بستری روان‌پزشکی مؤثرتر است. در این مطالعه، بیماران از مرکز روان‌پزشکی ایران و بعداز اخذ رضایت آگاهانه کتبی، به‌طورتصادفی وارد گروه‌های مداخله و شاهد شدند. در گروه مداخله، هماهنگ‌کننده مطالعه برای حضور بموقع بیماران در درمانگاه، یک روز قبل از زمان ملاقات، آن‌ها را ازطریق تلفن پیگیری می­‌کرد و در روز پس‌از ملاقات نیز، دوباره تماس گرفته می‌­شد تا از حضور بیماران در جلسه ملاقات اطمینان حاصل شود. بیماران به‌مدت دوازده ماه پس‌ازترخیص، پیگیری شدند. پیامدهای اولیه این مطالعه، طول مدت اقامت در بیمارستان و هرگونه بستری روان‌پزشکی در طول مدت دوازده ماهِ پیگیری و پیامد ثانویه آن، شدت علائم آسیب روانی بیماران درطول مدت پیگیری بود. نتیجه گیری این مقاله، پروتکل مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی شاهددار و تصادفی بود که اثربخشی پیگیری تلفنی را در درمانگاه سرپایی و در افراد مبتلا به اختلال‌های شدید روان‌پزشکی در ایران بررسی کرد. یافته‌های این‌گونه مطالعات، می‌تواند بر سیاست‌گذاری و برنامه‌ریزی‌ها در سطح کشور برای افراد مبتلا به اختلال‌های شدید روان‌پزشکی مؤثر باشد.   2 Objectives This study aims to determine the effectiveness of telephone follow-up in patients with severe mental illness after discharge from hospital compared to Treatment As Usual (TAU). Methods This is a randomized control trial with the primary hypothesis that telephone follow-up for patients with severe mental disorders in outpatient clinic would be more effective when compared to TAU in reducing the length of hospital stay and any psychiatric hospitalization. The sample population was recruited from Iran Hospital. After obtaining informed written consent, the patients were randomized  into two intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, the research team closely followed the patients by telephone a day before their psychiatric follow-up visit after discharge, for timely attendance and also the day following the appointment to be ensured about their attendance. Patients were then followed up for 12 months afterward. The primary outcome measures were length of hospital stay and any hospitalization during 12 months follow-up. The secondary outcome measure was the severity of the patients’ psychopathology during the follow-up period. Conclusion This article presents a study protocol for an RCT that assesses the effectiveness of telephone follow-up for patients with severe mental disorders in an outpatient clinical setting in Iran. The findings of this study can influence policy-making and planning for patients with severe mental disorders across the country.   108 117 2016/10/312016/12/92016/09/292016/09/32016/08/22016/09/222016/09/162016/10/302016/08/1 1395/5/11 2017/04/12017/02/152017/01/82017/01/212016/12/202017/02/212017/01/42017/02/192017/01/12 1395/10/23 بلقیس پاد Belgheis Pad مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت روان، دانشکده علومرفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران ایران Email:drpad527@yahoo.com کاوه علوی Kaveh Alavi مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت روان، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران ایران kavehalavi@yahoo.com احمد حاجبی Ahmad Hajebi مرکز تحقیقات اعتیاد و رفتارهای پر خطر، گروه روانپزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران ایران Email: hajebi.ahmad@gmail.com Telephone follow-up Severe mental disorder Study protocol Effectiveness پیگیری تلفنی اختلال شدید روانپزشکی پروتکل مطالعه اثربخشی Chen A. 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تاریخچه مرکز آموزشی درمانی روانپزشکی ایران History of Iran Psychiatry Hospital 1 1 مرکز آموزشی درمانی روانپزشکی ایران (شهیدنواب صفوی) در سال 1360 با امکانات محدود درمانی و رفاهی و نیروی انسانی و با نام مرکز روانپزشکی نواب صفوی شروع به کار کرد. در سال 1365 پس از تأسیس دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، این مرکز با عنوان مرکز آموزشی درمانی روانپزشکی، وظیفه آموزش دانشجویان پزشکی و پیراپزشکی و دستیاران روانپزشکی را به‌ عهده گرفت. در حال حاضر و پس از گذشت سی و پنج سال، این مرکز آموزشی درمانی با ظرفیت 160 تخت و با امکانات آموزشی درمانی گسترده‌ای مانند روانپزشکی جامعه‌نگر، روان‌درمانی شناختی‌رفتاری، روان‌درمانی تحلیلی، آزمایشگاه عصب‌شناختی، درمانگاه سوء مصرف الکل و مواد و بخش بستری الکل و اعتیاد در حال خدمت‌رسانی به مردم است. روند روبه‌رشد مرکز آموزشی درمانی روانپزشکی ایران در بیش از سه دهه از توسعه کمّی ‌و کیفی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران جدا نبوده است. تا زمان نگارش این مقاله، چهار تن از بنیان‌گذاران این مرکز یعنی دکتر سید ضیاء حسینی، دکتر حسن حسن‌زاده، دکتر بیوک بارز و دکتر اصغر الهی دار فانی را وداع گفته‌اند.   2  Navab Safavi Mental Hospital was established in 1981 while it suffered from considerable shortages in therapeutic and welfare infrastructures, as well as in professional human resources. After foundation of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 1986 the hospital was involved in training nurses, medical students, and psychiatric residents. In 2001, by request of  Navab Safavi’s  family the name was changed to Iran Psychiatric Hospital and Now, after 35 years, the hospital has 160 beds in 6 wards, including men, women, neurotic (Mehr), emergency, substance and alcohol wards, and extensive facilities like community psychiatry, cognitive-behavioral and analytical psychotherapies, neurocognitive lab, and substance use disorder clinic. The increasing growth of Iran Psychiatric Hospital in more than 3 decades has been in line with qualitative and quantitative development of Iran University of Medical Sciences.   118 125 2016/10/312016/12/92016/09/292016/09/32016/08/22016/09/222016/09/162016/10/302016/08/12017/01/31 1395/11/12 2017/04/12017/02/152017/01/82017/01/212016/12/202017/02/212017/01/42017/02/192017/01/122017/02/23 1395/12/5 محمد قدیری Mohammad Ghadiri مرکز تحقیقات اعتیاد و رفتارهای پرخطر، بیمارستان روانپزشکی ایران، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران ایران Email: ghadiri@yahoo.com مریم رسولیان Maryam Rasoulian مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت روان، بیمارستان روانپزشکی ایران، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران ایران E-mail: rasoulian.m@gmail.com Iran Psychiatry Hospital Navvab Safavi Mental Hospital Iran University of Medical Sciences بیمارستان روانپزشکی ایران بیمارستان روانپزشکی نواب صفوی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران Ryan CE, Epstein NB, Keitner G. Evaluating and treating families: The McMaster Approach. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group; 2005. ##Rapee RM, Spence SH. The etiology of social phobia: Empirical evidence and an initial model. Clinical Psychology Review. 2004; 24(7):737-67. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2004.06.004 ##Wells A, Davies MI. The thought control questionnaire: A measure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thoughts. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1994; 32(8):871-8. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)90168-6 ##Ryan CE, Epstein NB, Keitner G. Evaluating and treating families: The McMaster Approach. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group; 2005. ##Rapee RM, Spence SH. The etiology of social phobia: Empirical evidence and an initial model. Clinical Psychology Review. 2004; 24(7):737-67. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2004.06.004 ##Wells A, Davies MI. The thought control questionnaire: A measure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thoughts. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1994; 32(8):871-8. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)90168-6 ##