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اثربخشی گروه‌درمانی مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی، افکار خودکشی، افسردگی و ناامیدی در سربازان Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy on Cognitive Flexibility, Suicidal Ideation, Depression, and Hopelessness in Conscripts 1 1 اهداف: پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی اثربخشی گروه‌درمانی مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی، افکار خودکشی، افسردگی و ناامیدی در سربازان انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: در یک طرح ‌آزمایشی از نوع پیش‌آزمون پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل، شصت سرباز به صورت نمونه‌گیری در دسترس از پادگان‌های نظامی در خراسان رضوی در سال 1398 انتخاب و به طور تصادفی به گروه‌های سی‌نفری آزمایش و کنترل تقسیم شدند. آزمودنی‌ها در گروه‌های آزمایش به مدت هشت جلسه هفتگی 90دقیقه‌ای تحت گروه‌درمانی مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد قرار گرفتند و گروه کنترل این درمان را دریافت نکرد. در پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون، پرسش‌نامه‌های انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی (CFI)، مقیاس افکار خودکشی بک (BSSI)، پرسش‌نامه افسردگی بک ویرایش دوم (BDI-II) و مقیاس ناامیدی بک (BHS) روی تمام آزمودنی‌ها اجرا شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون t گروه‌های مستقل و تحلیل کوواریانس در نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 24 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.  یافته ها: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد گروه‌درمانی مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد به طور معنی‌داری منجر به افزایش انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی و مؤلفه‌های آن (0/001=P)، کاهش افکار خودکشی (0/001=P)، افسردگی (0/001=P) و ناامیدی (0/002=P) در مقایسه با گروه کنترل می‌شود. نتیجه گیری: گروه‌درمانی مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد احتمالاً با افزایش انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی منجر به کاهش افسردگی، افکار خودکشی و ناامیدی در سربازان می‌شود. 2 Objectives: The present study aims to investigate the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on cognitive flexibility, suicidal ideation, depression, and hopelessness in conscripts. Methods: In this clinical trial with a pretest/posttest design using a control group, 60 conscripts were selected through a convenience sampling method from among those referred to military counseling centers in Khorasan Razavi Province of Iran in 2019, and were randomly assigned into intervention (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. The intervention group received ACT group therapy at eight weekly 90-min sessions, while the control group received no treatment. In the pretest and posttest phases, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Beck Hopelessness Scale were completed by both groups. Data analysis was performed using the independent ‎‎t-test and analysis of covariance. Results: ACT significantly led to increased cognitive flexibility and its components (P=0.001) and reduced suicidal thoughts (P=0.001), depression (P=0.001) and hopelessness (P=0.002). Conclusion: ACT group therapy can reduce depression, suicidal ideation and hopelessness in conscripts by increasing their cognitive flexibility. 412 427 2020/04/19 1399/1/31 2020/10/6 1399/7/15 حسین شاره Hossein Shareh گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران. Iran hsharreh@yahoo.com.au زهرا رباطی Zahra Robati گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران. Iran robati.zahra@yahoo.com Flexibility Suicide Depression Hopelessness Acceptance and commitment therapy conscripts انعطاف‌پذیری خودکشی افسردگی ناامیدی پذیرش تعهد سرباز 1. Youth's international organization. Investigation of youth's’ suicide; 2004.##2. Farsi Z, Jabari Morouei M, Ebadi A. General health assessment of army soldiers seen in a military medical outpatient clinic in Tehran. J Army Med Sci. 2006; 4(3):923-30.##3. Curtis AJ. Health psychology. London: Routledge; 2000.##4. Anisi J, Fathi-Ashtiani A, Soltaninejad A, Amiri M. 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J Police Med. 2012; 1 (3):176-182.##15. Fadaei Z, Ashouri A, Hooshyari Z, Ezanloo B. Path analysis of locus of control, symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation on academic achievement: The role of gender as moderator. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2011; 132(50): 148-59.##16. Hayes SC, Strosahl KD, Wilson KG. Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2012.##17. Hays SC, Luoma J, Bond F, Masuda A, Lillis J. Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2006; 44:1-25.##18. Happel MF, Niekisch H, Rivera LL, Ohl FW, Deliano M, Frischknecht R. Enhanced cognitive flexibility in reversal learning induced by removal of the extracellular matrix in auditory cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2014; 111(7):2800-5.##19. Masuda A, Tully EC.The role of mindfulness and psychological flexibility in somatization depression, anxiety, and general psychological distress in a Nonclinical College Sample. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine. 2012; 17 (1): 66-71##20. Jacobs ML, Luci K, Hagemann L. Group-based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for older veterans: findings from a quality improvement project. Clin Gerontol. 2018;41(5):458-467.##21. Harvey S, Bimler D, Dickson D, Pack J, Sievwright O, Baken D, Henricksen A. Acceptance and commitment therapy group treatment with the military: A preliminary study. Journal of Military and Veterans’ Health. 2018: 6-15.##22. Mirzaeidoostan Z, Zargar Y, Zandi Payam A. The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on death anxiety and mental health in women with HIV in Abadan City, Iran. IJPCP. 2019; 25 (1):2-13##23. Karlin BE , Walser RD, Yesavage J, Zhang A, Trockel M, Taylor CB. 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بررسی اثربخشی و ایمنی افزودن پرگابالین به رژیم آنتی‌سایکوتیک در بیماران مبتلا به اسکیزوفرنیای مزمن: یک مطالعه پایلوت شش‌هفته‌ای تصادفی دوسوکور با کنترل دارونما Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Adding Pregabalin to Antipsychotic Treatment in Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia: A Double-blind Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial 1 1 اهداف: هدف مطالعه حاضر عبارت است از بررسی اثربخشی و ایمنی افزودن پرگابالین به رژیم درمانی آنتی‌سایکوتیک در درمان بیماران مبتلا به اسکیزوفرنیای مزمن به مدت شش هفته. مواد و روش ها: از میان بیماران مبتلا به اسکیزوفرنیای مزمن بستری با علائم بالینی پایدار، 48 بیمار به روش دردسترس انتخاب شدند و به طور تصادفی، در دو گروه پرگابالین و دارونما قرار گرفتند (در هر گروه 24 نفر). بیماران در گروه مداخله، در سه هفته اول روزانه 75 میلی‌گرم، و از هفته چهارم روزانه 150 میلی‌گرم پرگابالین همراه با رژیم استاندار آنتی‌سایکوتیک دریافت کردند. در ابتدای مطالعه و در هفته‌های سوم و ششم پس از شروع آن، اثربخشی پرگابالین با سنجه ارزیابی علائم مثبت و منفی (PANSS) و عوارض حرکتی با سنجه‌های سیمپسون آنگوس کره-آتتوز (SAS) و رتبه بندی رفتاری بارنز آکاتیزیا(BARS) بررسی شد. از لحاظ آماری، P کمتر از 0/05 به عنوان معناداری در نظر گرفته شد. یافته ها: بر پایه خُرده‌سنجه‌های مثبت، منفی، سایکوپاتولوژی عمومی و امتیاز کلی ارزیابی علائم مثبت و منفی، در پایـان هفتـه ششم درمـان، تغییر آماری معناداری در شدت علائم بیماران در هر گروه و همچنین بین دو گروه وجود نداشت. بر اساس نمرات سنجه‌های سیمپسون آنگوس کره-آتتوز و رتبه بندی رفتاری بارنز آکاتیزیا و فراوانی عوارض جانبی، در پایان هفته ششم، تفاوت آماری معناداری بین دو گروه درمان مشاهده نشد. نتیجه‌گیری: افزودن روزانه 150 میلی‌گرم پرگابالین به رژیم استاندار آنتی‌سایکوتیک، در بهبود علائم سایکوتیک بیماران مبتلا به اسکیزوفرنیای مزمن مؤثر نیست، اما به‌خوبی تحمل می‌شود.. 2 Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding pregabalin to standard antipsychotic treatment in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, participants were 48 male inpatients aged 18-65 years with chronic schizophrenia but with clinically stable conditions. They were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=24) and control (n=24). The intervention group received 75 mg of pregabalin per day for three weeks which was increased to 150 mg per day from the fourth week to the end of the study, in addition to standard antipsychotic medication for six weeks. The severity of psychotic symptoms was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and their movement disorder symptoms were evaluated by the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS) and Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS) at baseline and at 3th and 6th weeks of the intervention. Collected data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS v.20 software, considering P<0.05 as the statistically significance level. Results: No significant differences were observed in severity of disease based on the PANSS total score and its three subscales (positive scale, negative scale, and general psychopathology) and in the BARS and SAS scores at the end of 6th week in groups and between the two groups. Conclusion: Adding 150 mg of pregabalin to the standard antipsychotic treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenia is not effective in improving their psychotic symptoms, but it is well tolerated. 428 439 2020/04/192020/10/27 1399/8/6 2020/10/62021/01/26 1399/11/7 سمانه فرنیا Samaneh Farnia گروه روانپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات روانپزشکی و علوم رفتاری،پژوهشکده اعتیاد، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران Iran sm.farnia@gmail.com الهام مه تیان Elham Mahtiyan گروه روانپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات روانپزشکی و علوم رفتاری،پژوهشکده اعتیاد، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران Iran e_mahtiyan@yahoo.com مهران ضرغامی Mehran Zarghami گروه روانپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات روانپزشکی و علوم رفتاری،پژوهشکده اعتیاد، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران Iran Mehran.zarghami@gmail.com پریسا اسلامی پرکوهی Parisa Eslami Parkoohi متخصص پزشکی اجتماعی، واحد ترجمان دانش، معاونت تحقیقات و فناوری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران. Iran dr.parisa.health@gmail.com آیدا عمادیان Aida Emadian گروه داروسازی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده داروسازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران. Iran aida.emadian@yahoo.com نرجس هندویی Narjes Hendouei گروه داروسازی بالینی، مرکز تحقیقات روان‌پزشکی و علوم رفتاری، پژوهشکده اعتیاد، دانشکده داروسازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران. Iran nhendoei@mazums.ac.ir Schizophrenia Pregabalin Antipsychotic agents اسکیزوفرنیا پرگابالین داروهای آنتی‌سایکوتیک Potkin SG, Phiri P, Szegedi A, Zhao J, Alphs L, Cazorla P. "Long-term effects of asenapine or olanzapine in patients with persistent negative symptoms of schizophrenia: A pooled analysis". Schizophr Research. 2013. 150(2-3):442-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.schres.2013.08.024] [PMID]##Earley W, Guo H, Daniel D, Nasrallah H, Durgam S, Zhong Y, et al. "Efficacy of cariprazine on negative symptoms in patients with acute schizophrenia: A post hoc analysis of pooled data". Schizophr Research. 2019; 204:282-8. 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مقایسه اثربخشی درمان شناختی‌رفتاری یکپارچه با درمان فراتشخیصی بر علائم بیماران مبتلا به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر همبود با افسردگی Comparing the Effects of Integrated Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Transdiagnostic Treatment on Symptoms of Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder Comorbid with Depression 1 1 اهداف پژوهش: حاضر با هدف مقایسه اثربخشی درمان شناختی‌رفتاری یکپارچه با درمان فراتشخیصی بر علائم بیماران مبتلا به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر همبود با افسردگی انجام شد.  مواد و روش ها: برای اعتبارآزمایی رقابتی از طرح نیمه‌تجربی دو‌گروهی به روش مورد منفرد استفاده شد. جامعه آماری شامل افراد مبتلا به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر همبود با افسردگی مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز مشاوره شهر اصفهان در سال 1398 بود که از میان آنان 10 نفر به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب و به شیوه تصادفی در دو گروه درمان شناختی‌رفتاری یکپارچه و درمان فراتشخیصی گمارش شده و مورد مداخله قرار گرفتند. آزمودنی‌های دو گروه در مراحل خط پایه، جلسات سوم، پنجم، هشتم، دهم و پیگیری یک‌ماهه با مقیاس‌های اضطراب فراگیر، مقیاس افسردگی بک و پرسش‌نامه نگرانی ایالت پنسیلوانیا مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. گزارش نتایج از تحلیل دیداری نمودارها با شاخص تغییر پایا، درصد بهبودی و معناداری آماری و بالینی استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد هر دو درمان تغییرات معناداری از نظر بالینی و آماری در آماج‌های درمانی ایجاد کرده و تأثیرات درمانی در دوره پیگیری نیز ادامه داشته است، اما درصد بهبودی در آزمودنی‌های گروه درمان شناختی‌رفتاری یکپارچه نسبت به آزمودنی‌های گروه درمان فراتشخیصی بیشتر بود. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج و بر اساس مبانی نظری اثربخشی درمانی، درمان شناختی‌رفتاری یکپارچه از نظر اندازه تغییر و ثبات بر درمان فراتشخیصی ارجحیت دارد، اما از نظر میزان پذیرش هر دو یکسان هستند. 2 Objectives: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and transdiagnostic treatment in improving symptoms of patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) comorbid with depression. Methods: This is a single-case quasi-experimental study. The study population consists of all people with GAD comorbid with depression referred to counseling centers in Isfahan, Iran in 2019, from whom 10 were selected using a purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into two groups of CBT and transdiagnostic treatment. Subjects in both groups were assessed at baseline, 3rd, 4th, 8th, 10th sessions, and during a one-month follow-up period using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. To analyze the data, visual analysis,  Reliable Change Index (RCI), improvement percentage, and statistical and clinical significance were used. Results: Visual analysis, percentage of improvement, and RCI value showed that both treatments caused clinically and statistically significant changes in therapeutic outcomes and their therapeutic effects continued during follow-up period. However, the percentage of improvement in CBT group was higher than in the transdiagnostic treatment group. Conclusion: CBT is superior to transdiagnostic treatment in terms of effect size and stability, but both are the same in terms of acceptance. 440 457 2020/04/192020/10/272020/05/6 1399/2/17 2020/10/62021/01/262020/12/20 1399/9/30 فرزاد قادری Farzad Ghaderi گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. Iran ghaderi68@yahoo.com ناهید اکرمی Nahid Akrami گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. Iran n.akrami@edu.ui.ac.ir کورش نامداری Koroosh Namdari گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. Iran احمد عابدی Ahmad Abedi گروه روانشناسی و آموزش کودکان با نیازهای خاص، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. 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مقایسه اثربخشی دو روش دستکاری انگیزشی و نوروفیدبک بر حساسیت به پاداش، کاهش ارزش تأخیری و تکانشگری در کودکان مبتلا به اختلال نقص توجه / بیش‌فعالی Comparing the Effects of Motivational Manipulation and Neurofeedback Methods on Reward Sensitivity, Delay Discounting, and Impulsivity in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 1 1 اهداف: هدف مطالعه حاضر مقایسه اثربخشی دو روش دستکاری انگیزشی و نوروفیدبک بر حساسیت به پاداش، کاهش ارزش تأخیری و تکانشگری در کودکان مبتلا به اختلال نقص توجه / بیش‌فعالی بود. مواد و روش ها: پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون، پس‌آزمون‌، پیگیری و گروه کنترل بود. جامعه پژوهش حاضر کودکان 7 تا 12‌ساله مبتلا به اختلال ADHD بودند. برای نمونه‌گیری در این پژوهش از روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس استفاده شد. حجم نمونه بر اساس هدف و روش پژوهش90 نفر انتخاب شد. در این مطالعه نوروفیدبک و دستکاری انگیزشی به عنوان مداخله بر روی گروه آزمایش پیاده شد که هر کدام 12 جلسه و هر جلسه به مدت 45 دقیقه انجام شد. از آزمون خطرپذیری بادکنکی وکاهش ارزش تأخیری برای گرداوری داده‌ها در مراحل پیش‌آزمون، پس‌آزمون و پیگیری استفاده شد و داده‌ها با استفاده از روش آماری مانکووا در SPSS نسخه 23 تحلیل شد. یافته ها: با کنترل اثرات پیش‌آزمون بر پس‌آزمون تفاوت میان گروه‌ها در پس‌آزمون از لحاظ آماری در بین متغیرهای تکانشگری و کاهش ارزش تأخیری در سطح P< 0/01و در بین متغیر حساسیت به پاداش در سطح P<0/05 معنادار بود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد روش نوروفیدبک (4/66=‌M) نسبت به روش دستکاری انگیزشی (2/31=M) در مقایسه با گروه کنترل بر پردازش پاداش تأثیر بیشتری داشته است که در سطح  P<0/01 معنادار است. اما میزان تفاوت میانگین دستکاری انگیزشی (2/31=M) در مقایسه با گروه کنترل معنادار نیست. نتیجه گیری: فعال‌سازی ارادی مناطق دوپامینرژیک مغز به وسیله نوروفیدبک و دستکاری انگیزشی منجر به کنترل درون‌زای دوپامین در این ساختارها می‌شود و این امر می‌تواند منتهی به موفقیت در تنظیم مقررات یا کنترل مهاری وکاهش اعمال تکانشی شود. 2 Objectives: This study aims to compare the effects of two methods of motivational manipulation and neurofeedback on reward sensitivity, delay discounting, and impulsivity in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methods: This is an experimental study with a pre-test/post-test/follow-up design using a control group. Participants were 90 children aged 7-12 years with ADHD in Tehran, Iran who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Neurofeedback and motivational manipulation were performed in the two intervention groups at 12 sessions each session for 45 minutes. Balloon Analogue Risk task and Chocolate  Delay Discounting task were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using MANCOVA in SPSS v.23 software. Results: After controlling the effects of pre-test scores on post-test scores, the difference between the groups in the post-test phase was statistically significant in terms of impulsivity and delay discounting (P<0.01) and reward sensitivity (P<0.05). The neurofeedback method (Mean=4.66) had a greater effect on reward sensitivity than motivational manipulation method (Mean=2.31) compared to the control group, which was significant (P<0.01). The effect of motivational manipulation (Mean=2.31) was not significant in comparison with the control group. Conclusion: Voluntary activation of dopaminergic regions of the brain by neurofeedback and motivational manipulation leads to endogenous dopamine control in these regions, resulting in successful regulation or inhibitory control and reduced cravings, which reduces impulsivity and reward sensitivity. 458 473 2020/04/192020/10/272020/05/62020/09/7 1399/6/17 2020/10/62021/01/262020/12/202021/01/26 1399/11/7 سیامک طهماسبی Siyamak Tahmasebi گروه آموزشی کودکان پیش از دبستان، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و رفاه اجتماعی ، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی، تهران، ایران. Iran siyamak.tahmasebi@gmail.com علیرضا کریم پور وظیفه خورانی Alireza karimpour Vazifehkhorani گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران. Iran alirezakarimpourv92@gmail.com Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Reward sensitivity Delay discounting Impulsivity Neurofeedback Motivational manipulation ADHD‌ حساسیت به پاداش کاهش ارزش تأخیری تکانشگری‌ نوروفیدبک دستکاری انگیزشی 1. Sagvolden T, Johansen EB, Aase H, Russell VA. A dynamic developmental theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) predominantly hyperactive/impulsive and combined subtypes. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 2005;28(3):397-418.##2. Tripp G, Wickens JR. Research review: dopamine transfer deficit: a neurobiological theory of altered reinforcement mechanisms in ADHD. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry. 2008;49(7):691-704.##3. Sonuga‐Barke E, Taylor E, Heptinstall E. Hyperactivity and delay aversion—II. The effect of self versus externally imposed stimulus presentation periods on memory. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1992;33(2):399-409.##4. Sagvolden T, Johansen EB, Aase H, Russell VAJB, Sciences B. A dynamic developmental theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) predominantly hyperactive/impulsive and combined subtypes. 2005;28(3):397-418.##5. Gondré-Lewis MC, Bassey R, Blum KJN, Reviews B. Pre-clinical models of reward deficiency syndrome: A behavioral octopus. 2020.##6. Sama AAJI-IJoR, Reviews A. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children: A Move towards Developmental Perspectives. 2020;7(1):928-38--38.##7. Sonuga‐Barke EJ, Williams E, Hall M, Saxton T. Hyperactivity and delay aversion III: The effect on cognitive style of imposing delay after errors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1996;37(2):189-94.##8. Miller M, Hinshaw SP. Does childhood executive function predict adolescent functional outcomes in girls with ADHD? Journal of abnormal child psychology. 2010;38(3):315-26.##9. Yu X, Sonuga-Barke EJJoad. Childhood ADHD and delayed reinforcement: A direct comparison of performance on hypothetical and real-time delay tasks. 2020;24(5):810-8.##10. Aston-Jones G, Rajkowski J, Cohen J. Locus coeruleus and regulation of behavioral flexibility and attention. Progress in brain research. 126: Elsevier; 2000. p. 165-82.##11. Martella D, Aldunate N, Fuentes LJ, Sánchez-Pérez NJFip. Arousal and Executive Alterations in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). 2020;11:1991.##12. Baumeister S, Wolf I, Hohmann S, Holz N, Boecker-Schlier R, Banaschewski T, et al. The impact of successful learning of self-regulation on reward processing in children with ADHD using fMRI. 2019;11(1):31-45.##13. Blum K, Badgaiyan RJJAS. Offering a Putative “Dopamine Homeostatic” Solution to Overcome the Perils of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) Epidemic: Emergence of Precision Behavioral Management (PBM)”. 2020;6(2):32-3.##14. Mahmood Aliloo M, Hashemi Nosratabad T, Karimpour Vazifehkhorani AJIJoP, Psychology C. 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مطالعه الگوی زیستی شخصیت مبتنی بر فعالیت سیستم مغزی‌رفتاری و رضایت زناشویی: نقش واسطه‌ای راهبردهای تنظیم شناختی هیجان Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in the relationship between Brain-Behavioral System Activity and Marital Satisfaction 1 1 اهداف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف مطالعه نقش واسطه‌ای تنظیم شناختی هیجان در رابطه بین فعالیت سیستم مغزی‌رفتاری و رضایت زناشویی خانواده‌های ساکن شهرستان ماهشهر انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: روش پژوهش توصیفی و از نوع همبستگی به شیوه تحلیل مسیر است. جامعه آماری پژوهش را کلیه زنان و مردان متأهل ساکن بندر ماهشهر تشکیل می‌دادند که از میان آن‌ها، 200 نفر متأهل (106 زن و 94 مرد) به صورت دردسترس و داوطلب برای شرکت در پژوهش، از میان مراجعان به دو درمانگاه صنایع پتروشیمی شهرستان ماهشهر انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل پرسش‌نامه شخصیتی گری‌ویلسون (GWPQ)، فرم کوتاه فارسی مقیاس رضایت زناشویی انریچ (ENRICH Persian-Brief) و فرم کوتاه پرسش‌نامه تنظیم شناختی هیجان (CERQ-S) بودند. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون همبستگی پیرسون، رگرسیون چندگانه و تحلیل مسیر با  نسخه 17 نرم‌افزارSPSS  و نسخه 8/8 نرم‌افزار LISREL استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که همه ابعاد تنظیم شناختی هیجان و فعالیت سیستم‌های مغزی‌رفتاری با رضایت زناشویی رابطه معناداری دارند. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که هر دو راهبرد منفی و مثبت تنظیم شناختی هیجان و دو بُعد اجتناب فعال و سیستم جنگ / گریز از مؤلفه‌های سیستم مغزی‌رفتاری به ‌طور مستقیم و سیستم بازداری رفتار به شکل غیرمستقیم با رضایت زناشویی رابطه دارند. به طور کلی، نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد مؤلفه‌های سیستم مغزی‌رفتاری و تنظیم شناختی هیجان از قدرت پیش‌بینی‌کننده خوبی برای رضایت از رابطه زناشویی در خانواده‌ها برخوردارند. نتیجه گیری: فعالیت سیستم مغزی‌رفتاری به عنوان الگوی زیستی و پایدار شخصیت و استفاده از راهبردهای تنظیم شناختی هیجان، نقش مؤثری در پیش‌بینی رضایت زناشویی به ‌عنوان برآیند کلی فرد از تعاملات درازمدت زناشویی دارند 2 Objectives: This study aims to assess the mediating role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation (CER) strategies in the relationship between brain-behavioral system activity and marital satisfaction. Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population consists of all married men and women referred to two clinics of petrochemical industries in Mahshahr, of whom: 200 (106 female and 94 male) were selected using a convenience sampling method. Data collection tools were the Gray-Wilson Personality Questionnaire, ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Pearson correlation test, multiple regression analysis and path analysis were carried out in SPSS v.17 and LISREL v.8.8.  Results: All dimensions of CER (negative and positive strategies) and the activity of brain-behavioral system were significantly associated with marital satisfaction. Both negative and positive CER strategies and two Behavioral Activating System and Fight/Flight System as components of the brain-behavioral system had direct association and the Behavioral Inhibition System component had indirect association with marital satisfaction. They had good predictive power to predict marital satisfaction in families.  Conclusion: The brain-behavioral system activity, as a biological model of personality, and the use of CER strategies have can predict marital satisfaction. 474 491 2020/04/192020/10/272020/05/62020/09/72020/06/29 1399/4/9 2020/10/62021/01/262020/12/202021/01/262020/12/22 1399/10/2 پگاه نصیری Pegah Nasiri گروه روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم‌تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. Iran pegahnasiri55@yahoo.com سیده فاطمه موسوی Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi گروه روان شناسی، پژوهشکده زنان دانشگاه الزهراء(س) ، تهران، ایران. Iran mosavi2008@gmail.com جواد ملازاده Javad Mollazadeh گروه روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم‌تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. Iran molazade@shirazu.ac.ir Brain-Behavioral System cognitive emotion regulation strategies Marital Satisfaction سیستم مغزی‌رفتاری راهبردهای تنظیم شناختی هیجان رضایت زناشویی [1] Goldenberg H, Goldenberg I. Counseling today's families. 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هنجاریابی و بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی نسخه فارسی پرسش‌نامه هوش هیجانی صفت در دانشجویان دانشگاه‌های منتخب تهران در سال 1395 Psychometric properties of the Persian version of Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire in College Students 1 1 اهداف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف هنجاریابی و بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی پرسش‌نامه هوش هیجانی صفت کلی در جمعیت دانشجویان دانشگاه‌های منتخب تهران انجام شد.  مواد و روش ها: مطالعه حاضر یک مطالعه توصیفی از نوع هنجاریابی است. جامعه آماری را کلیه دانشجویان دانشگاه‌های منتخب تهران تشکیل می‌دادند که 551 دانشجو به روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای تصادفی وارد مطالعه شدند. نسخه فارسی هوش هیجانی صفت کلی را به همراه پرسش‌نامه هوش هیجانی شات و پرسش‌نامه 5عاملی نئو تکمیل کردند. تجزیه داده‌ها با استفاده از نسخه 22 نرم‌افزار SPSS از طریق تی مستقل، آلفا کرونباخ، همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی انجام شد. یافته ها: آلفای کرونباخ برای هوش هیجانی صفت 0/95 و برای عوامل بین 0/70 تا 0/90 به دست آمد و در روش دو نیمه کردن آزمون، آلفای کرونباخ نیمه اول آزمون 0/92 و برای نیمه دوم 0/89 محاسبه شد. روایی هم‌گرا / افتراقی این پرسش‌نامه نیز با کمک پرسش‌نامه هوش هیجانی شات و پرسش‌نامه 5عاملی نئو نشان داد این پرسش‌نامه با اکثر خرده‌مقیاس‌های پرسش‌نامه هوش هیجانی شات همبستگی مثبت و با خرده‌مقیاس روان‌رنجوری پرسش‌نامه 5عاملی همبستگی منفی دارد. همچنین در این پژوهش تفاوت‌های جنسیتی بین نمرات زنان و مردان وجود داشت. به این صورت که زنان در نمره کلی و عوامل به‌ورزی و هیجانی بودن نمره بالاتری داشتند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی نشان داد که نسخه فارسی پرسش‌نامه هوش هیجانی صفت از 4 عامل به‌ورزی، کنترل خود، هیجانی بودن و جامعه‌پذیری تشکیل شده است. نتیجه گیری: درمجموع یافته‌ها نشان داد که نسخه فارسی پرسش‌نامه هوش هیجانی صفت برای سنجش این سازه در جمعیت بزرگسال ایرانی از روایی و اعتبار مناسبی برخوردار است 2 Objectives: This study aims to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue) in college students. Methods: This is a descriptive study. Participants were 551 students from selected universities in Tehran, Iran who were enrolled using a stratified random sampling method. The students completed the Persian version of TEIQue as well as the Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) and the Neo-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Data were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 software using independent t-test, Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson correlation and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Results: The results of EFA confirmed that the Persian TEIQue had four factors of well-being, self-control, emotionality and sociability. Cronbach’s alpha value was reported 0.95 for the global EI, and ranged 0.69-0.90 for its four factors. In the split-half reliability, the Cronbach’s alpha was obtained 0.92 for the first half and 0.89 for the second half. The convergent/discriminant validity assessment in relation to SSEIT and NEO-FFI, showed a positive correlation with the most subscales of SSEIT and a negative correlation with the neuroticism subscale of NEO-FFI. There were gender differences in TEIQue scores between males and females, where females had higher scores in the global index and in factors of well-being and emotionality.  Conclusion: The Persian version of TEIQue has acceptable reliability and validity for measuring trait emotional intelligence in Iranian adult population. 492 507 2020/04/192020/10/272020/05/62020/09/72020/06/292019/06/15 1398/3/25 2020/10/62021/01/262020/12/202021/01/262020/12/222020/12/27 1399/10/7 احمد عاشوری Ahmad Ashouri گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، تهران. Iran پویا فرخ نژاد افشار Pouya Farokhnezhad Afshar گروه سالمندشناسی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران. Iran حمزه علیمرادی Hamzeh Alimoradi گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران. Iran مقداد طالبی زاده Meghdad Talebizadeh گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، تهران. Iran talebizadeh.m@tak.iums.ac.ir Emotional Intelligence Personality Psychometrics هوش هیجانی شخصیت هنجاریابی 1. Salovey P, Mayer JD. Emotional intelligence. Imagination, cognition and personality. 1990;9(3):185-211.##2. Mayer JD, Salovey P. What is emotional intelligence. Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Educational implications. 1997;3:31.##3. Petrides KV, Pita R, Kokkinaki F. The location of trait emotional intelligence in personality factor space. British journal of psychology. 2007;98(2):273-89.##4. Petrides KV. Ability and trait emotional intelligence. 2011.##5. Petrides KV. Psychometric properties of the trait emotional intelligence questionnaire (TEIQue). 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McCrae RR, Costa Jr PT. A contemplated revision of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Personality and individual differences. 2004;36(3):587-96.##22. Khormai F, Farmani, A. Psychometric properties of NEO Five-Factor Inventory in persian sample. Journal of management system. 2014;16:29-39.##23. Schutte NS, Malouff JM, Bhullar N. The assessing emotions scale. Assessing emotional intelligence: Springer; 2009. p. 119-34.##24. Jahangiri M. survey of relationship family & Emotional intelligence in younger second & third high school of Tehran: MA. Dissertation. Tehran: Allameh Tabatabaee University, 2001: 78-84.(Persian).##25. Fischer AH, Rodriguez Mosquera PM, Van Vianen AE, Manstead AS. Gender and culture differences in emotion. Emotion. 2004;4(1):87.## ##

ویژگی‌های روانسنجی نسخه فارسی پرسش‌نامه خودگزارشی شخصیت برای اختلالات شخصیت در نمونه بالینی Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Self-report Personality Questionnaire for Personality Disorders of DSM-5 (SCID-5-SPQ) in Clinical Samples 1 1 اهداف: این پژوهش با هدف بررسی مشخصات روان‌سنجی نسخه فارسی پرسش‌نامه خود‌گزارشی شخصیت DSM-5 (SCID-5-SPQ) در جمعیت بالینی مبتلا به اختلال‏های روان‌پزشکی شهر تهران صورت گرفت. مواد و روش ها: مطالعه حاضر توصیفی و از نوع پیمایشی است. جامعه مطالعه حاضر شامل بیماران سرپایی و بستری مراجعه‌کننده به 3 مرکز شهر تهران، شامل مرکز آموزشی‌درمانی روان‌پزشکی ایران، مجتمع آموزشی‌درمانی حضرت رسول اکرم (ص) و درمانگاه دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روان‌پزشکی تهران) است. نمونه‌گیری در این پژوهش به شیوه دردسترس انجام شد و نمونه مورد‌مطالعه 289 نفر بود. در این پژوهش، علاوه بر پرسش‌نامه جمعیت‌شناختی، از نسخه فارسی مصاحبه بالینی ساختاریافته تشخیصی برای اختلال‌های شخصیت   DSM-5 (R) (SCID-5-SPQ)و پرسش‌نامه غربالگری شخصیت DSM-5 (SCID-5-SPQ) استفاده شد. . در نهایت به‌منظور ارزیابی اطلاعات از شاخص‌ها و روش‌های آماری توصیفی و استنباطی از جمله تأثیر آیتم برای بررسی روایی صوری، آلفای کرونباخ جهت بررسی پایایی درونی، همبستگی اسپیرمن برای بررسی روایی هم‌گرا و آزمون یومن ویتنی استفاده شد.  یافته ها: پرسش‌نامه غربالگری شخصیتDSM-5 (SCID-5-SPQ)  دارای روایی صوری مطلوبی است. بررسی روایی هم‌گرای این پرسش‌نامه با مصاحبه SCID نشان داد، تمامی زیرمقیاس‌ها همبستگی مثبت معناداری در حد P≥0/001 داشتند. همچنین، پایایی پرسش‌نامه 0/93 بود و بنابراین نسخه فارسی این پرسش‌نامه، ابزاری پایا به شمار می‌رود. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر، SCID-5-SPQ ابزاری معتبر است و می‌تواند در کلینیک‌ها و بیمارستان‌های روان‌پزشکی به‌ عنوان ابزار غربالگری اختلالات شخصیت به‌تنهایی یا در کنار مصاحبه مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. 2 Objectives: This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Self-Report Personality Questionnaire of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5-SPQ) in Iranian clinical samples. Methods: This is a descriptive survey study. Participants were 289 outpatients and inpatients referred to Iran Psychiatric Hospital, Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital and the clinic of Tehran Institute of Psychiatry who were selected using a convenience sampling method. In addition to a demographic form and the Persian version of SCID-5-SPQ, the Persian version of SCID-5 Personality Disorder (SCID-5-PD) was used. Finally, face validity, internal consistency (by Cronbach’s alpha), convergent validity (by Spearman correlation test) and the differences between self-reports of women and men (by Mann-Whitney U test) were evaluated. Results: The Persian SCID-5-SPQ showed good face validity. Regarding the convergent validity, all subscales of this questionnaire showed a significant positive correlation with the SCID-5-PD (P<0.001). Moreover, Cronbach’s alpha was reported α=0.93, indicating good internal consistency. Conclusion: The Persian version of SCID-5-SPQ has good validity and reliability, and can be used alone or along with the interviews in psychiatric clinics and hospitals in Iran for screening personality disorders. 508 519 2020/04/192020/10/272020/05/62020/09/72020/06/292019/06/152020/06/20 1399/3/31 2020/10/62021/01/262020/12/202021/01/262020/12/222020/12/272021/02/16 1399/11/28 بنفشه غرایی Banafsheh Gharrae گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم‌پزشکی ایران، ایران، تهران. Iran gharraee.b@iums.ac.ir سمیرا معصومیان Samira Masoumian گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم‌پزشکی ایران، ایران، تهران. Iran masoumian.s@iums.ac.ir سمیه ضمیری نژاد Somayeh Zamirinejad گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم‌پزشکی ایران، ایران، تهران. Iran somayeh.zamiri@gmail.com هومن یغمایی زاده Hooman Yaghmaeezadeh گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم‌پزشکی ایران، ایران، تهران. Iran yaghmaie@yahoo.com Reliability Validity personality disorder پایایی روایی اختلال‌ شخصیت Williams JB, First M. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Oxford: Encyclopedia of Social Work. 2013. [DOI:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104]##Johnson BN, Clouthier TL, Rosenstein LK, Levy KN. Psychotherapy for Personality Disorders. Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. 2018; 4216-34. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_925]##Levy KN, Johnson BN. Personality disorders. In: Norcross JC, VandenBos GR, Freedheim DK, editors. APA handbook of clinical psychology: Psychopathology and health. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2016. pp. 173-207. [DOI:10.1037/14862-006]##Coid J, Yang M, Tyrer P, Roberts A, Ullrich S. Prevalence and correlates of personality disorder in Great Britain. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2006; 188(5):423-31. [DOI:10.1192/bjp.188.5.423] [PMID]##Reich JH, Green AI. Effect of personality disorders on outcome of treatment. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1991; 179(2):74-82. [DOI:10.1097/00005053-199102000-00003] [PMID]##Yonkers KA, Dyck IR, Warshaw M, Keller MB. Factors predicting the clinical course of generalised anxiety disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2000; 176(6):544-9. [DOI:10.1192/bjp.176.6.544] [PMID]##Tyrer P, Reed GM, Crawford MJ. Classification, assessment, prevalence, and effect of personality disorder. The Lancet. 2015; 385(9969):717-26. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61995-4]##Sharp C. Bridging the gap: The assessment and treatment of adolescent personality disorder in routine clinical care. Archives of Disease in Childhood.2017; 102(1):103-8. [DOI:10.1136/archdischild-2015-310072] [PMID]##Kongerslev MT, Chanen AM, Simonsen E. Personality disorder in childhood and adolescence comes of age: A review of the current evidence and prospects for future research. Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology. 2015; 3(1):31-48. [DOI:10.21307/sjcapp-2015-004]##First MB, Williams JB, Karg RS, Spitzer RL. User’s guide for the SCID-5-CV Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5® disorders: Clinical version. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc; 2016. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2016-15667-000##First MB, Williams JB, Benjamin LS, Spitzer RL. SCID-5-PD: Structured clinical interview for DSM-5® personality disorders. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association Publishing; 2016. https://www.appi.org/structured_clinical_interview_for_dsm-5_personality_disorders_scid-5-pd##First M, Williams J, Karg R, Spitzer R. Structured clinical interview for DSM-5-”Research version (SCID-5 for DSM-5, research version; SCID-5-RV). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2015. ##First MB, Williams JBW, Karg RS, Spitzer RL. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5® Disorders-Clinical Trials Version (SCID-5-CT). Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association; 2015. https://books.google.com/books?id=TqftrQEACAAJ&dq=User%27s+guide+for+the+Structured+Clinical+Interview+for+the+DSM-5%C3%82%C2%AE+Alternative+Model+for+Personality+Disorders+(SCID-5-AMPD):&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQrIn18db1AhVHXsAKHdyvBq0Q6AF6BAgLEAI##First MB, Skodol AE, Bender DS, Oldham JM. User’s guide for the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5® Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (SCID-5-AMPD). Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association Publishing; 2018. https://www.google.com/books/edition/User_s_Guide_for_the_Structured_(SCID-5-AMPD)%20Module%20I&f=false##Gharaie B, Shabani A, Masoumian S, Zamirinejad S, Yaghmaeezadeh H, Khanjani S, et al. Investigating psychometric properties of the Persian version of The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5(R) Personality Disorders (SCID-5-PD). 2021.[DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-670472/v1]##Somma A, Borroni S, Maffei C, Besson E, Garbini A, Granozio S, et al. Inter-rater reliability of the Italian translation of the structured clinical interview for DSM-5 personality disorders (SCID-5-PD): A study on consecutively admitted clinical adult participants. Journal of Psychopathology. 2017; 23(3):105-11. https://www.jpsychopathol.it/article/inter-rater-reliability-of-the-italian-translation-of-the-structured-clinical-interview-for-dsm-5-personality-disorders-scid-5-pd-study-consecutively-admitted-clinical-adult-participants/## ##

ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی نسخه فارسی مقیاس خالص اهمال‌کاری در دانشجویان Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Pure Procrastination Scale in College Students 1 1 اهداف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی فرم فارسی مقیاس خالص اهمال‌کاری شامل پایایی، روایی و تغییرناپذیری اندازه‌گیری در بین متغیرهای جمعیت‌شناختی و تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تأییدی انجام گرفته است. مواد و روش ها: جامعه آماری این مطالعه مقطعی شامل 390 نفر از دانشجویان سه دانشگاه‌ شهر تهران بود و به روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چند‌مرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. پرسش‌نامه‌های خودگزارشی مقیاس خالص اهمال‌کاری، مقیاس مشکلات تنظیم هیجان، مقیاس افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس و مقیاس رضایت از زندگی را تکمیل کردند.  یافته ها: آزمون EFA نشان‌دهنده وجود سه عامل در این مقیاس بود. یعنی اهمال‌کاری خالص سه بُعد از اهمال‌کاری به نام‌های اهمال در تصمیم‌گیری، اهمال‌کاری رفتاری و به‌موقع بودن را اندازه می‌گیرد. نتایج تحلیل عامل تأییدی چندگروهی، تغییرناپذیری بین‌گروهی ساختار عاملی، وزن‌های اندازه‌گیری، کوواریانس‌های ساختاری و باقیمانده‌های اندازه‌گیری بین‌عاملی اهمال‌کاری خالص را برای متغیرهای جمعیت شناختی نشان داد. داده‌ها حاکی از همسانی درونی مطلوب و پایایی بازآزمون بالاست. علاوه بر این، همبستگی‌های معنی‌داری بین اهمال‌کاری خالص و زیرمقیاس‌هایش با رضایت از زندگی، افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس، مشکلات تنظیم هیجان وجود داشت. نتیجه گیری: مقیاس اهمال‌کاری خالص، سه‌عاملی است و ساختار عاملی آن در زیرگروه‌های سنی، جنسیتی و وضعیت تأهل تغییری نمی‌کند. روایی و پایایی قابل قبولی در جمعیت ایرانی دارد و می‌توان از آن برای اندازه‌گیری اهمال‌کاری در حوزه‌های پژوهشی و درمانی استفاده کرد. 2 Objectives: This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS) including reliability, validity, measurement invariance, and factor analysis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 390 college students from the three universities in Tehran participated. They completed a battery of four self-report tools including the PPS, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS).  Results: The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) results confirmed the three-factor solution of the Persian PPS which were decisional procrastination, implemental delay, and timeliness. The results of multi-group confirmatory factor analysis showed the between-group invariance of the factor structure, measurement weights, structural covariances and measurement residuals of PPS for demographic variables. The results revealed high internal consistency and high test-retest reliability. There Persian PPS and its subscales had statistically significant correlations with DASS-21, DERS, and SWLS. Conclusion: The Persian PPS has good reliability and validity for assessing procrastination in Iranian population. 520 535 2020/04/192020/10/272020/05/62020/09/72020/06/292019/06/152020/06/202020/03/2 1398/12/12 2020/10/62021/01/262020/12/202021/01/262020/12/222020/12/272021/02/162020/12/20 1399/9/30 سمیه ضمیری نژاد Somayeh Zamirinejad دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران. Iran somayeh.zamiri@gmail.com لیلی جمیل Leili Jamil دکترای تخصصی روانشناسی بالینی، استادیار گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ارتش. Iran l.jamil@ajaums.ac.ir احمد عاشوری Ahmad Ashouri دکترای تخصصی روانشناسی بالینی، استادیار گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران. Iran ahmad.ashouri@gmail.com Psychometrics Procrastination Factor analysis Reliability ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی اهمال‌کاری تحلیل عاملی تأییدی پایایی روایی Steel P. The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin. 2007; 133(1):65-94. [DOI:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65] [PMID]##Klingsieck KB. Procrastination in different life-domains: Is procrastination domain specific? Current Psychology. 2013; 32(2):175-85. [DOI:10.1007/s12144-013-9171-8]##Pychyl TA, Flett GL. Procrastination and self-regulatory failure: An introduction to the special issue. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy . 2012; 30: 203-12. [DOI:10.1007/s10942-012-0149-5]##Dewitte S, Schouwenburg HC. Procrastination, temptations, and incentives: The struggle between the present and the future in procrastinators and the punctual. European Journal of Personality. 2002; 16(6):469-89. [DOI:10.1002/per.461]##Mehrabian A. Beyond IQ: Broad-based measurement of individual success potential or” emotional intelligence”. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs. 2000; 126(2):133-239. 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Procrastination, distress and life satisfaction across the age range-a German representative community study. PloS One. 2016; 11(2):e0148054. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0148054] [PMID] [PMCID]##Steel P. Arousal, avoidant and decisional procrastinators: Do they exist? Personality and Individual Differences. 2010; 48(8):926-34. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2010.02.025]##Rebetez MML, Rochat L, Gay P, Van der Linden M. Validation of a French version of the pure procrastination scale (PPS). Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2014; 55(6):1442-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.04.024] [PMID]##Rozental A, Forsell E, Svensson A, Forsström D, Andersson G, Carlbring P. Psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version of the pure procrastination scale, the irrational procrastination scale, and the susceptibility to temptation scale in a clinical population. BMC Psychology. 2014; 2(1):54. [DOI:10.1186/s40359-014-0054-z] [PMID] [PMCID]##Svartdal F. Measuring procrastination: Psychometric properties of the Norwegian versions of the irrational procrastination scale (IPS) and the pure procrastination scale (PPS). Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. 2015; 61(1):18-30. [DOI:10.1080/00313831.2015.1066439]##Svartdal F, Pfuhl G, Nordby K, Foschi G, Klingsieck KB, Rozental A, et al. On the measurement of procrastination: Comparing two scales in six European countries. Frontiers in Psychology. 2016; 7:1307. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01307] [PMID] [PMCID]##Mundfrom DJ, Shaw DG, Ke TL. Minimum sample size recommendations for conducting factor analyses. International Journal of Testing. 2005; 5(2):159-68. [DOI:10.1207/s15327574ijt0502_4]##Svartdal F, Steel P. Irrational delay revisited: Examining five procrastination scales in a global sample. Frontiers in Psychology. 2017; 8:1927. [PMID] [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01927]##Gratz KL, Roemer L. 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علائم اضطراب مرتبط با شدت استفاده مشکل‌زا از گوشی هوشمند: نقش میانجی اضطراب ناشی از کووید-19 Anxiety Symptoms Associated With the Severity of Problematic Smartphone Use: The Mediating Role of COVID-19 Anxiety 1 1 اهداف: همه‌گیری بیماری کرونا در سال 2019 (COVID-19) به‌عنوان بزرگ‌ترین بحران بهداشت جهانی در دهه‌های اخیر درنظر گرفته می‌شود.  تغییرات در حوزه‌های اصلی زندگی به دلیل راهبردهای کنترل عفونت به اختلال عملکردی ناشی از پریشانی عاطفی شبیه است و بسیاری از افراد را در معرض خطر بیشتری از شرایط روانی قرار می‌دهد.  با این حال، همه‌گیری COVID-19 و فاصله‌گذاری اجتماعی مرتبط با آن، استفاده از تلفن‌های هوشمند برای دریافت اطلاعات مربوط به COVID-19 در سال گذشته را به‌طور گسترده افزایش داده است. استفاده بیش از حد از تلفن‌های هوشمند پیامدهای زیان‌باری دارد. مطالعه حاضر به بررسی علائم اضطراب عمومی و اضطراب ناشی از COVID-19 و تأثیر آن‌ها بر شدت استفاده مشکل‌زا از تلفن هوشمند پرداخت. مواد و روش ها: افراد بزرگسال 18 تا 75 سال با نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای و احتمالی از یک پایگاه داده نماینده جمعیت، انتخاب شدند.  در بین 1080 چینی هنگ‌کنگ (18 تا 75 سال)، یک نظرسنجی مقطعی مبتنی بر وب بین تاریخ 23 جولای تا 25 اوت سال 2020 (دوره شیوع موج سوم کووید ـ 19 در هنگ‌کنگ) انجام شد. شرکت‌کنندگان با معیارهایی از جمله مقیاس افسردگی اضطراب استرس‌-21، مقیاس اختلال اضطراب فراگیر-7 و فرم کوتاه مقیاس اعتیاد به تلفن هوشمند مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند.  از مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری و نسخه 22 نرم‌افزار Amos  برای ارزیابی ارتباط بین علائم اضطراب عمومی، اضطراب ناشی از COVID-19 و شدت استفاده مشکل‌زا تلفن هوشمند استفاده شد. یافته ها: با استفاده از نمرات برش تعیین‌شده، نتایج ما نشان داد شیوع سطح اضطراب متوسط ​​در حدود 22 درصد از شرکت‌کنندگان وجود دارد. با استفاده از ودلسازی معادلات ساختاری، هم علائم اضطراب عمومی و هم اضطراب ناشی از COVID-19 با شدت  استفاده مشکل‌زا تلفن هوشمند مرتبط بودند.  علاوه بر این اضطراب COVID-19 تا حدی میانجی روابط بین عوامل زمینه‌سازاضطراب عمومی با شدت استفاده مشکل‌زا تلفن هوشمند است. نتیجه گیری: این مطالعه داده‌های اولیه را در مورد وضعیت سلامت روان افراد مبتلا به کووید ـ 19 ارائه می‌دهد. همچنین روابط بین اضطراب ناشی از COVID-19 و شدت استفاده مشکل‌زا تلفن هوشمند را به‌عنوان یک مکانیسم مقابله مورد بررسی قرار داد. 2 Objectives: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is regarded as the biggest global health crisis in recent decades. The changes in major life domains due to infection control strategies resemble the functional impairment consequential to emotional distress and place many people at greater risk of psychiatric conditions. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic and associated social distancing have widely increased the usage of smartphone to receive COVID-19-related information in the past year. However, the excessive use of smartphones has deleterious consequences. The current study investigated general anxiety symptoms and COVID-19-induced anxiety, and their impact on problematic smartphone use (PSPU) severity.  Methods: Adults aged 18–75 years were recruited by stratified, probability sampling from a database representative of the population. Among 1080 Hong Kong Chinese (age 18–75 years), a cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted between July 23 and August 25, 2020 (the period of the third wave outbreak of COVID-19 in Hong Kong).  Participants were assessed with the measures, including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, and Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the associations among general anxiety symptoms, COVID-19-induced anxiety, and severity of PSPU by the Amos 22.0 software. Results: Using established cut-off scores, our results found that prevalence of at least moderate anxiety level in around 22% of participants. Using SEM, both general anxiety symptoms and COVID-19-induced anxiety were associated with PSPU severity. Moreover, COVID-19 anxiety partially mediated relations between predisposing general anxiety with PSPU severity. Conclusion: This study provides initial data on the mental health status of people affected by COVID-19. It also investigated the relations between COVID-19-induced anxiety and PSPU severity as a coping mechanism.  536 555 2020/04/192020/10/272020/05/62020/09/72020/06/292019/06/152020/06/202020/03/22021/04/4 1400/1/15 2020/10/62021/01/262020/12/202021/01/262020/12/222020/12/272021/02/162020/12/202021/11/23 1400/9/2 تاز واه ما Ma Tsz Wah گروه جراحی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه چینی هنگ کنگ، چین. چین matszwah@gmail.com COVID-19 Anxiety problematic smartphone use mental health کووید ـ 19 اضطراب استفاده مشکل‌زا از گوشی هوشمند سلامت روان McBride O, Murphy J, Shevlin M, Gibson Miller J, Hartman TK, Hyland P, et al. Monitoring the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population: An overview of the context, design and conduct of the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. 2021; 30(1):e1861. 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لزوم ارﺗﻘﺎی ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ویﮑﯽ‌ﭘﺪیﺎی ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ در ﺣﻮزه ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان Necessity for Improvement of Qualitative and Quantitative Contents of Persian Wikipedia in Field of Mental Health 1 1 ویﮑﯽ‌ﭘﺪیﺎ یﮑﯽ از مهم‌ترین ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ در ﻓﻀﺎی ﻣﺠﺎزی اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ویﺮایﺶ ﺗﻘﺮیﺒﺎً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﺮﮐﺴﯽ در ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮردی را دارد و ویﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی داﻧﺸ‌ﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎی ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ و ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ و ﺳﺎﻟﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ را در ﺧﻮد ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ویﮑﯽ‌ﭘﺪیﺎ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت آزاد ﺑﺮای ﻋﻤﻮم اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ایﻦ ﺣﺎل ایﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‌ﭘﺬیﺮی ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯽ‌اﻋﺘﻤﺎدی ﺑﺴﯿﺎری از اﻓﺮاد نسبت به آن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان یﮏ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن اﻃﻼﻋﺎت شده ‌است. اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺗﻼش‌ﻫﺎی زیﺎدی ﺑﺮای ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺮای ﮐﻤﮏ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان در ﻣﻮرد اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺤﺘﻮا ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ چه میزان ایﻦ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣﯽ‌ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ روی این ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗأﺛﯿﺮگذار باشد. 2 Wikipedia is one of the most important online sources of information that can be edited by any one. About 80% of people in developed countries use the Internet to search for mental health information, which generally includes disease symptoms, illnesses, and treatment methods. Existing studies have reported varying degrees of quality for mental health information on the Wikipedia website. To our knowledge, there is no study on the quality of information on the Persian version of Wikipedia, especially in the field of mental health. Due to the importance of Wikipedia for Internet users, the main purpose of this letter is to present a brief report on the Iranian authors' efforts in improving the quality and quantity of mental health information on the Persian Wikipedia. This can a step to promote the general knowledge of the community about the mental health. 556 559 2020/04/192020/10/272020/05/62020/09/72020/06/292019/06/152020/06/202020/03/22021/04/42021/08/4 1400/5/13 2020/10/62021/01/262020/12/202021/01/262020/12/222020/12/272021/02/162020/12/202021/11/232021/10/18 1400/7/26 سعیده شیردل Saeedeh Shirdel گروه روانپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات سلامت روان، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان، (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران. Iran saide021@yahoo.com بهین آرامی نیا Behin Araminia گروه روانپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات سلامت روان، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان، (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران. Iran behinarami@gmail.com مهدیه صالحی Mahdiyeh Salehi گروه روانپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات سلامت روان، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان، (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران. Iran drsalehi7@gmail.com رضا آرزومندان Reza Arezoomandan گروه اعتیاد، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران. Iran arezoomandan@yahoo.com محمدرضا شالبافان Mohammadreza Shalbafan گروه روانپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات سلامت روان سالمندی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران. Iran drmrsh@gmail.com لیلا کمال زاده Leila Kamalzadeh گروه روانپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات سلامت روان، دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان، (انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)، دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران. Iran Lkamalzadeh@gmail.com سیدوحید شریعت Seyedvahid Shariat مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت روان، پژوهشکده کاهش آسیب‌های اجتماعی،دانشکده علوم رفتاری و سلامت روان(انستیتو روانپزشکی تهران)،دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران،تهران،ایران. Iran vahid.shariat@gmail.com Mental Health Wikipedia Internet سلامت روان اینترنت ویکی پدیا 1- Jahnson B. Introduction to psychiatry mental health nursing. Vthed.Philadelphia; Lippincott Williams and wilkings; 2002##2-Powell J, Clarke A. Internet information-seeking in mental health: population survey. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2006 Sep;189(3):273-7.##3-Ybarra ML, Suman M. Help seeking behavior and the Internet: a national survey. International journal of medical informatics. 2006 Jan 1;75(1):29-41.##4-Khazaal Y, Chatton A, Cochand S, Hoch A, Khankarli MB, Khan R, Zullino DF. Internet use by patients with psychiatric disorders in search for general and medical informations. Psychiatric Quarterly. 2008 Dec;79(4):301-9.##5-Eysenbach G, Powell J, Kuss O, Sa ER. Empirical studies assessing the quality of health information for consumers on the world wide web: a systematic review. Jama. 2002 May 22;287(20):2691-700##6-Reavley NJ, Jorm AF. The quality of mental disorder information websites: a review. Patient education and counseling. 2011 Nov 1;85(2):e16-25.##health promotion. Journal of Medical Internet Research 13, e14.##7- Heilman JM, Kemmann E, Bonert M, Chatterjee A, Ragar B, Beards GM, Iberri DJ, Harvey M, Thomas B, Stomp W, Martone MF. Wikipedia: a key tool for global public health promotion. Journal of medical Internet research. 2011;13(1):e14.## ##