@article{ author = {Mirsepasi, Gh.R. and Saliani, A.}, title = {Comparison of Efficacy of Fluoxetine-Haloperidol vs. Fluoxetine-Placebo in Obsessive-Compulsive Patients}, abstract ={Abstract Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the possibility of dopaminergic involve-ment in obsessive-compulsive patients (OCD). Method: This double-blind study compared the efficacy of fluoxetine-haloperidol with that of fluoxetine-placebo in two groups, each comprised of 12 subjects. These subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorders were selected on the basis of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria they were asse- ssed by a demographic questionnaire and Yale-Brown Scale for evaluating obsessive-compul- sive disorders. Findings: The results showed that the response to treatment in haloperidol-fluoxetine group was somewhat better than the fluoxetine-placebo group from the first week of the study. The difference was significant at the third visit (end of fourth week). Results: In addition to serotonin neurotransmitter system, dopaminergic system may play a role in pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. }, Keywords = {obsessive-compulsive disorder, fluoxetine, haloperidol}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {4-10}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-210-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-210-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Khazaie, H. and Habibi, F. and Pourafkari, N.}, title = {The Effect of Fluphenazine Decanoate Every 2 WeeksVersus 6 Weeks in the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorders}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {schizophrenia, schizoaffective, fluphenazine decanoate, CGI, BPRS, CGF}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {11-15}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-211-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-211-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Rostami, R. and SardarPourGoodarzi, Sh. and Bolhari, J.}, title = {Ultra Rapid Detoxification: A Review of advantages and Disadvantages}, abstract ={AbstractObjectives: The purpose of present study was to review the literature for advantages and shortcomings of ultra rapid detoxification. This method often is performed with naloxone and naltrexone with symptoms of withdrawal controlled under general anesthesia or deep sleep. Method: More than 70 full text articles were studied they were looked up in Medline, from 1985 to 2002, using the key words, naltrexone, naloxone, ultra rapid detoxification, and treat-ment under general anesthesia. In the compilation of the present article, 42 related articles were used. Results: Adequate number of articles does not exist to merit an accurate judgment and an ultimate conclusion. Most evaluations lacked basic research standards such as having a cont-rol group or random sampling method they only addressed various methods, dangers, and short-term results of the method. Other studies are recommended where they may compare methods, compare the treatment group with placebo, and possess comparable groups under-going treatments with comparable follow up times. Until new results are arrived, chronic and difficult users should be treated with alternative methods and patients with high motivation and short length of drug history may undergo treatment with naltrexone as discussed in the article.  }, Keywords = { ultra rapid detoxification, URD, naltrexone, withdrawal symptoms, opium derivative, anesthesia}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {16-31}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-212-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-212-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Omidi, A. and Tabatabai, A. and Sazvar, A. and Akkashe, G.}, title = {Epidemiology of Mental Disorders in Urbanized Areas of Natanz}, abstract ={AbstractObjectives: The present study was an epidemiological assessment of mental disorders among 15 years or older residents of urbanized areas of the town of Natanz. Method: This was a cross sectional and retrospective study. By using existing files in the mental health network, 650 families randomly and systemically were selected and their members’ gender was identified as the subjects of the study. Data were gathered in two stages at first, randomly one person from each family, 650 were selected to be assessed by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). In the second stage, 62 man and 107 women whose GHQ scores were above the cut off point were further evaluated by clinical interviews on the basis of DSM-IV criteria. Findings: This study showed that the epidemiological rate of mental disorders is 17.2% for men and 31.3% for women. Significant correlations were obtained between subjects’ mental disorder with their age, sex, level of education, marital status, employment status, and family history of illness. The most prevalent disorders were dysthymia (5.8%), generalized anxiety (5.3%), and depression (3.3%). Results: Deficiency in affection, financial insufficiency, and prior history of mental illness in the family increase the likelihood of mental disorders particularly the mild ones.This study showed that the prevalence of mental disorders in the examined town (24.2%) was above the findings of other studies. }, Keywords = { epidemiology, mental disorders, Natanz, General Health Questionnaire-28}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {32-38}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-213-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-213-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {GhaffariNejad, A. R. and Pouya, F. and Nakhai, M. R.}, title = {Evaluation of Psychiatric Disorders among Athletes who Abuse Anabolic Steroids}, abstract ={AbstractObjectives: The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the psychiatric disorders among athletes who abuse anabolic steroids. Method: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 59 Kermanian athletes were randomly se-lected and assigned to three separate groups. They were assessed by SCL-90-R and compared with one another. Group one was composed of athletes with no prior history of anabolic ste-roids abuse group two comprised athletes with current abuse of this substance, and group 3 included athletes who had abused the substance in the past but not currently. Findings: The point prevalence of all psychiatric disorders assessed for the three study groups were 60.97%, 78.48%, and 43.35% respectively. The scores of all scales except for phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychosis scales were higher among group two than the other groups. Results: Unauthorized usage of anabolic steroids as a method of doping can be harmful with possible unpleasant psychological consequences ensued.  }, Keywords = {anabolic steroids, athletes, Kerman, doping}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {39-44}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-214-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-214-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Mangoli, M. and Ramezani, T. and MohammadAlizadeh, S.}, title = {Screening Mental Disorders in Pregnancy}, abstract ={AbstractObjectives: The study was conducted to screen cases suspected of mental disorders among pregnant women referred to health services centers and private midwifery clinics in the town of Shahr-e-Babak. Method: Data were collected by SCL-90-R performed on 400 pregnant women and then ana-lyzed and interpreted through descriptive statistical, t-test, Mann Whiteny, one way analysis of variance and Kruskal Wallis. Findings: The point prevalence in total was demonstrated at 32%. The highest and the lowest rates of prevalence respectively were interpersonal (44.3%) and psychosis (10.3%). Mean comparison of dimensions of SCL-90-R indicated a significant difference at least in one dimen-sion with the following variables: gestational age, ranking in pregnancy, occupation, number of children, unplanned pregnancy, infertility history, importance of fetal sex for woman or her husband, husband's education and employment, worried about beauty, lack of familial su-pport, unavailability for health care services, stressful events and high risk pregnancy factors. Results: The prevalence of mental disorders in pregnant women is higher than the general population. }, Keywords = {prevalence, pregnant women, mental disorders, SCL-90-R}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {45-55}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-215-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-215-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Mirahmadizade, A. R. and NakhaiAmroodi, N. and Tabatabai, H. R. and Shafieian, R.}, title = {Marital Satisfaction and Related Determining Effectual Factors}, abstract ={AbstractObjectives: This research examined the factors related to marital satisfaction. Method: 127 volunteers filling for divorce and 1670 married individuals from normal pop-ulation with no prior history of divorce were studied by Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire which comprises four scales, attractiveness, rapport, attitude, and investment. Findings: The study showed that in the divorce group the years of marriage and education, mean age at the time of marriage, and the number of children were less than the other group. In a multivariate analysis, the most significant relationship factors related to marital satisfac-tion included investment, attitude, and rapport. Results: Marital satisfaction was greater among those who were older and had higher level of education at the time of marriage. Marital satisfaction is greater among couples who have mutual respect for each other and possess both communication skills and more rapport. Attrac- tiveness alone is less effectual on marital satisfaction than investment, positive attitude, and rapport.}, Keywords = { marital, satisfaction, divorce, mutual respect, attractiveness, investment, rapport}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {56-63}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-216-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-216-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Habib, S. and Shirazi, M. A.}, title = {Job Satisfaction and Mental Health among the Employees of a General Hospital}, abstract ={}, Keywords = { job satisfaction, psychological health, General Health Questionnaire, hospital employees, nurses}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {64-73}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-217-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-217-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Besharat, M. A. and Golinejad, M. and Ahmadi, A. A.}, title = {An Investigation of the Relationship between Attachment Styles and Interpersonal Problems}, abstract ={Abstract Objectives: This study investigated the correlation between attachment styles and interper-sonal problems. Method: 120 (60 women and 60 men) under-graduate students residing in Theran University dormitory were randomly selected as the subjects of the study. Subjects were to complete Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI) and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP). One way analysis of variance and Tukey test were used for this study. Finding: The results showed that subjects with secure attachment styles exhibited less interpersonal problems than subjects with insecure attachment style. Subjects with avoidant attachment style exhibitted less interpersonal problems than subjects with ambivalent attachment style. Results: The findings point to secure attachment as a primary need and its cross-generation transition. }, Keywords = { attachment style, interpersonal problems, Adult Attachment Inventory, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {74-81}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-218-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-218-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Pourghaznein, T. and Hoshmand, P. and TalasazFirouzi, E. and Esmailli, H.}, title = {The Sources of Inspiration and the Level of Hope among Cancer Patients}, abstract ={AbstractObjectives: The present study was designed to determine the sources of inspiration and the variables related to the level of hope among cancer patients in Omid Hospital, city of Mash-had in 1999. Method: This analytic-descriptive assessment was carried out on 100 cancer patients from chemotherapy and radiotherapy wards as well as the clinic of Omid Hospital who were willing and able to take part in the study. The match-pairs method was utilized to sample two groups, one currently under treatment and the other already having completed a full treatment course. The data were collected by a demographic questionnaire, the Herth Hope Index, semi-structured interview, and an open-ended question. The data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: Patients considered God, family, interaction and communication with the phy-sicians and nurses, lack of physical ailments, and material supplies as the sources of in-spiration. The finding also indicated that variables such as completion of a full treatment course, social support, and religious beliefs have significant effects on the level of hope. Results: Reinforcing religious beliefs, social support, financial securety, as well as signifying the significance of hope for the patients, and promoting communication and appropriate interac-tion of the physicians and nurses with the patients could enhance the level of hope among cancer patients. }, Keywords = {hope, cancer, Herth Hope Index, training}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {82-87}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-219-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-219-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Kaviani, H. and AhmadiAbhari, A.}, title = {Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders in Tehran City}, abstract ={AbstractObjectives: This research investigated the prevalence of anxiety disorder among Tehranian population ages 20-64 years in summer and winter 1999-2000. Method: 1070 Tehranian were selected by random cluster sampling method and then they participated in screening anxiety test(Beck Anxiety Inventory).Those, whose scores were higher than the cut of point in anxiety inventory, were psychiatrically interviewed. In case of presence of disorder, its type was determined. The interviewers were blind to the result of patient’s anxiety test. Findings: The results showed anxiety disorders in about 15% of subjects and also revealed anxiety level among women subjects is two to three times as much as men. Results: The current research presents similarities and differences in comparison with previous studies.}, Keywords = { anxiety disorders, prevalence, Tehran, Beck Anxiety Inventory}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {4-11}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-220-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-220-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, M. R. and Momeni, F. and Torkzaban, R. and Ghaely, P.}, title = {The Effects of Fluoxetine and Clomipramine on Blood Sugar, Cholesterol, and Weight of Obsessive-Compulsive Children and Adolescents}, abstract ={}, Keywords = { flouxetine, clomipramine, blood sugar, triglyceride, cholesterol, liver func-tion test, obsessive-compulsive disorder}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {12-19}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-221-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-221-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Salehi, M. and Noormohammadi–Sarab, A.}, title = {Prevalence of Depression in Hemodialysis Patients of Shahid Hashemi Nejad Hospital}, abstract ={Abstract Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of depression in patients undergoing hemodialysis and also to prevent and treat depression by clarifying the risk factors for these patients. Method: 60 patients (21 men, 39 women) who had undergone hemodialysis were selected as the subjects of the study by convenient sampling. A demo-graphic questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory were used to collect data the results were then analyzed by c2 statistical test . Findings: In this study, 50% of the subjects were afflicted with depression of which, 33.3% suffered from mild depression, 15% from mo-derate depression, and 1.7% suffered from severe depression. There was no significant differ-rence between the two groups of depressed and non depressed patients across gender, age, marital status, and duration of dialysis factors. There was however a negative correlation noted between the level of education and depression. Results: Considering the high pre-valence of depression, attending to the mental health of dialysis patients is indispensable in the area of depression. Specific plans need to be executed to prevent and treat their dep-ression.  }, Keywords = {depression,hemodilysis, chronic renal failure, Beck Depression Inventory}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {20-25}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-222-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-222-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {AhmadiAbhari, S.A. and Sha’bani, A. and Akhundzadeh, Sh. and As’adi, M.}, title = {Baclofen and Clonidine in Opioid Detoxification}, abstract ={Abstract Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of baclofen and clonidine treatments in opioid detoxification. Method: 66 subjects from an outpatient setting diagnosed with opium dependency (based on DSM-IV) took part in a double blind study. Randomly 32 and 34 subjects were assigned to take respectively baclofen and clonidine for 14 days. Findings: Both drugs showed similar efficacy in regards to physical and mental symptoms of withdrawal syndrome. No significant difference was noted between the two groups on depression and anxiety scales. The side effect profiles of the two groups were more or less the same except for “vomiting” and “euphoria” which were more significantly evident in the baclofen group. Results: Baclofen can be invariably considered as an equivalent of clonidine, in opium detoxification. }, Keywords = { baclofen, clonidine, opioid, detoxification}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {26-35}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-223-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-223-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Biabangard, E.}, title = {Effectiveness of Lazarus Multimodal Therapy, Elice Rational Emotional Therapy and Relaxation on Decreasing Students Test Anxiety}, abstract ={}, Keywords = { test anxiety, relaxation, Ellis Rational Emotive Therapy, Lazarus Multimodal Therapy}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {36-42}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-224-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-224-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Naghavi, H. R. and Sharifi, V. and Kormi-Nouri, R.}, title = {Semantic Network Disorder in Schizophrenia: Semantic Priming with Simultaneous Presentation of two Primes}, abstract ={Abstract Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the automatic activation of seman-tic priming in schizophrenic patients. Method: 36 schizophrenic patients and 36 normal sub-jects participated in two experiments. In experiment one, the effect of semantic relation on iden- tification of degraded targets was examined between a series of single prime words and single target words presented in a typical semantic priming paradigm. To restrict the priming to au-tomatic processes, in experiment two, series of two primes were presented simultaneously instead of one. Both primes were related to the target, and the effect of semantic relation between two primes on identification of degraded targets was examined. Finding: In experi-ment one, both groups demonstrated semantic priming effect for related words there was no significant difference between the two groups. In experiment two, semantic relation between two primes resulted in a significant priming effect in normal subjects, but not in schizophrenic patients. Results: This study showed that schizophrenic subjects have difficulties in automa-tically activating related words in their semantic networks. Restricting semantic priming to automatic processes can suggest a way to resolve the inconsistencies in studies with schizo-phrenic subjects. }, Keywords = { semantic priming, schizophrenia, automatic processes}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {43-56}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-225-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-225-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Palahang, H. and Vakilzadeh, B. and Deris, F.}, title = {The Prevalence of Personality Disorders in Male Prisoners of Shahr-e-Kord Prison}, abstract ={AbstractObjectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of personality disorders in male prisoners in Shahr-e-Kord prison. Method: 203 men, 16 years or older were selected through a systemic random procedure as the subjects of the study. They were then assessed by a clinical interview checklist based on ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. Where there was a discrepancy on diagnosis, MMPI-2 was used as an aid. Findings: The prevalence of personality disorder was 55.2% amongst the subjects. The most prevalent disorders were antisocial personality disorders (18.2%), schizoid personality disorder (8.4%), and dependent personality disorder (8.4%). They were followed by borderline (7.4%), mixed (3.4%), his-trionic (3%), obsessive (3%) and paranoid personality disorder (2.5%). The results also indi-cated that the prevalence of personality disorder based on the sort of crime was the highest amongst the robbers, (64.1%) followed by inmates incarcerated for drug addiction, murder, drug dealing, and fraud respectively at 60.9%, 55.6%, 55%, and 40.9%. There were also a sig-nificant correlation between the subjects’ marital status, educational level, and age with per-sonality disorders. Results: The high prevalence of personality disorders among prisoners suggests a broader investigation and prevention measures by judicial system, prison autho-rities, and medical personnel. }, Keywords = { prevalence, personality disorders, crime, prisoners}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {57-64}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-226-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-226-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Samkhaniani, N. and Yazdandoost, R. and AsgharnejadFarid, A. A.}, title = {Surveying Schematic Mental Model, Perfectionism and Need for Approval, in Depression}, abstract ={AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this research is to investigate two different perspectives on depressive thinking. One viewpoint considers depression as a reflection of increasing general accessibility of negative constructs and depressive memories the other defines depressive thoughts as a reflection of changes at a more general level of cognitive representation. Method: 54 subjects selected by convenient sampling method took part in the study. They were assigned to the following three groups: 18 patients suffering from major depression, 18 patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder, and finally 18 normal subjects compo-sing the control group (10 female and 8 male in each group). To investigate contrasting predi-cations from the two perspectives, depressed patients, obsessive patients, and normal control groups responded to Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), perfectionism, DAS-need for approval, and Sentence Completion Task. Findings: The result of one-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference between depressed, obsessive, and normal groups on Sentence Completion Task and DAS-need for approval test.Furthermore, the follow up Tukey test indicated a significant difference between depressed and the normal groups there was not a significant difference between depressed and obsessive groups. Results: The results supported schematic mental prediction. Since schematic model was established for perfec-tionism and need for approval in obsessive patients, its exclusive explanation for depressed patients may not be confirmed. }, Keywords = {depression, schematic model, construct accessibility, perfectionism, need for approval}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {65-74}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-227-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-227-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Vahabi, Y. S.}, title = {The Effect of Music Therapy and Relaxation on Hospitalized CCU Patients’ Anxiety}, abstract ={Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of music therapy and relaxation on hospitalized CCU patients’ anxiety. Method: The subjects of the study were 90 patients hospitalized in one of the teaching hospitals in Tehran. The subjects were assigned randomly to three groups: music therapy, relaxation, and control. Data were collected via demographic information and Spielberger Questionnaires. For the music therapy group, a non-lyric tape was used for the relaxation group a cassette player with headphone was used to play relaxation music for 30 minutes. Both before and after audio tape trial, Spielberger Questionnaire was completed by music therapy, relaxation, and control groups. The differ-rence in anxiety scores assessed before and after the intervention determined the efficacy of music and relaxation tapes. Findings: The findings showed that both music therapy and relaxation method significantly reduced anxiety among the subjects. The level of control group’s anxiety was not reduced in post-test assessment: Results: Hearing music and re-laxation tapes reduce patient’s anxiety. }, Keywords = { anxiety, cardiac patients, music therapy, relaxation}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {75-82}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-228-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-228-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Nourmohammadi, I. and Raiei, F.}, title = {Zinc Hair Concentration in Children Suffering from Down Syndrome, Cerebral Palsy, Macrocephaly and Hydrocephaly}, abstract ={AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this survey was to compare the amount of zinc concentration between normal children and the children suffering from Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, micro-macrocephaly, and hydrocephaly in Iran. The correlation between zinc concentration and the spoken syndromes was further assessed. Method: In the present study, the hair sam-ples were used to estimate zinc concentration. Whereas many pathological conditions are as-sociated with alteration of scarce elements in hair, samples of both normal children and pa-tients were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometery. Findings: The patients had significantly higher level of zinc concentration in hair samples than normal children. Results: Considering the dietary of the children in the study, this increased level of zinc could not be attributed to qualitative dietary intake. Therefore, such a high accumulation of zinc uptake could be due to the very syndromes from which the children are suffering this could lead to receiving or using cellular substances such as albumin, transferrin, or other related proteins. }, Keywords = { zinc, hair, Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, mental retardation}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {83-88}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-229-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-229-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Ashkani, H. and Dehbozorghi, Gh. R. and Shoja, A.}, title = {Epidemiology of Mental Disorders among Male Prisoners in Adel Abad Prison of Shiraz}, abstract ={}, Keywords = { epidemiology, prevalence, mental disorders, prison, Shiraz, SCL-90-R}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {4-9}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-230-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-230-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Haghshenas, H. and MousaviNasab, M. and Farnam, R.}, title = {Personality Traits in Patients with Diagnoses of Panic Disorder}, abstract ={AbstractObjectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the personality traits which may have a negative impact on patients’ performance, health, and occurrence of panic disorder as well as its process and prognosis. Method: 51 subjects diagnosed with panic disorder were compared with 51 normal subjects through NEO Personality Inventory- Revised (NEO PI-R). Findings: The findings indicated that subjects suffering from panic disorder were more susceptible  to experiences of anxiety, depression, aggression, guilt-feeling, and stress. They were less extraverted, but as capable of controlling their impulses as normal subjects they prefer to have a stable life, and are not interested in experiencing adventures. Results: The study demonstrated that the personality traits of the subjects diagnosed with panic disorder more likely correlates with those of the Cluster C of personality disorders. }, Keywords = { panic disorder, personality traits, NEO inventory }, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {10-17}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-231-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-231-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Nazari, T. and Yassemi, M. T. and Doust-Mohammadi, M. and NematzadehMahani, K.}, title = {Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety among Patients in Internal and Surgical Wards}, abstract ={}, Keywords = { depression, anxiety, inpatients, internal ward, surgical ward}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {18-25}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-232-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-232-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {SardarpourGoudarzi, Sh. and SultaniZarandi, A.}, title = {Mental Health and Fasting in Ramadan}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Ramadan, psychiatry, fasting, SCL-90-R, mental health}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {26-32}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-233-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-233-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Shoja’ian, R. and ZamaniMonfared, A.}, title = {The Relation Between Use of Prayers, Mental Health, and Job Performance Among Technical Workers of Tehran Ammunition Industries}, abstract ={Abstract Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the relation between use of prayers, mental health, and job performance among the technical workers of Tehran ammunition Industries Group in Tehran. Method: The subjects, 304 men were randomly selected. The average age of subjects was 38.9 years and their average years of service was 18. Most of the subjects (42.1%) had primary education. The data were collected through GHQ- 28, a prayer questionnaire,  and a job performance questionnaire. Through descriptive statistical methods, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, t-tests and one-tail ANOVA, data were further analyzed. Findings: The findings showed that a significant relation exists between the use of prayers and mental health among the subjects an increase in the use of prayers resulted in the increase in mental health level. Moreover, the use of prayers showed a significant relation with Anxiety and Depression sub-scales of General Health Questionnaire. In other words, increased use of prayers was accompanied by reduced scores of anxiety and depression. Results: There is a relation between prayers and mental health. However, there is niether a relation between prayers and job performance, nor between job performance and mental health. }, Keywords = {prayers, mental health, job performance, GHQ}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {33-39}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-234-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-234-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Ebrahimi, A. and Bolhari, J. and Zolfaghari, F.}, title = {Stress Coping Strategies and Social Support in Depressive Veterans with Spinal Cord Injury}, abstract ={AbstractObjectives: Considering the role of internal resources, such as coping strategies, and external resources, such as social support, in the adaptation strategies employed by patients suffering from spinal cord injury (SCI), the present study was designed to examine the relation between coping strategies and the quality of social relationships with depression among veterans with SCI. Method: 70 home-staying veterans with spinal cord injury were randomly selected as the subjects of the study. They were assessed through CS-R, QRI and BDI scules. The data were then analyzed through t-tests and Chi square. Findings: The findings showed that veterans with lowest degrees of depression significantly used effective and focused coping strategies, such as resorting to religion, active coping, planning, seeking social support, and positive interpretation. Moreover, veterans with highest degrees of depression enjoyed less social support and reported to having more interpersonal problems as compared to those with lowest degrees of depression. In addition, employment and volunteer service at the front (an index of belief and focused internal control) proved to be much less related to depression. Results: The results demonstrated the effective role of social support and special coping strategies in reducing depression, improving feelings, and enhancing tolerance for the complications and consequences of severe injuries such as SCI.  }, Keywords = { spinal cord injury veterans, social support, stress coping, depression}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {40-48}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-235-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-235-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Nazer, M. and SayyadiAnari, A. R. and Khaleghi, E.}, title = {The Impact of Teaching Environmental Control, Attention Diversion, and Thought Stopping in Reducing Craving Behavior in Opiate Dependents}, abstract ={Objectives: The present study focuses on the techniques of controlling thoughts and depression/anxiety-inducing mental images such as attention diversion and thought stopping to control thoughts and mental images related to craving of opiates. It also attempted to clear and control the subjects' environments to prevent possible temptation. Method: This study followed an experimental design. The subjects were selected from an available sample and randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group, each comprised of 30 subjects. For a period of three weeks, the subjects in the experimental group were provided with twice a week training sessions of an educational program on environment control, attention diversion, and thought stopping, with each session lasting 35 minutes. The control group received the normal treatment used in the clinic. A 30-item questionnaire to obtain demographic information along with a daily scale to determine the frequency of temptations as well as its duration were utilized. Findings: The results showed that after 6 months, 19 out of 30 subjects in the experimental group were “clean”, from opium whereas in the control group the number of “clean” subjects in the same period was 4 out of 30. During the 6th month, the daily average frequency of using thoughts was 0.89 in the experimental group in the control group it was 1.1, the difference of which was not statistically significant. The duration of such thoughts in the 6th month was 5.8 minutes per day for the experimental group, and 38.7 minutes for the control group this difference was significant. Results: Training on cleaning the environment, attention diversion, and thought stopping keeps more subjects clean in the experimental group up to six months. It also reduces the duration of temptations, but does not lead to any significant difference in the daily frequency of temptations. In general, application of this technique reduces temptation and craving. }, Keywords = { temptation, opiate dependence, environmental and thought control, relapse, addiction, treatment, Craving}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {49-55}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-236-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-236-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Seghatoleslam, T. and Afrouz, Gh. A. and Gharaguzlu, K. and Hejazi, E.}, title = {Psychological Intervention in Controlling Epilepsy among Children and Youths}, abstract ={AbstractObjectives: This research aimed at assessing the efficacy of psychological and non-medicinal treatments in controlling epilepsy of children and youths. Method: 30 boys, aged 9 to 24, with normal IQ, diagnosed with tonic-clonic epilepsy were selected as the subjects of the research. They had been under medicinal treatment for two years, but showed no adequate response. The subjects randomly were assigned to three groups. Group 1 received Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) in a group modality. Group 2 received biofeedback training. Group 3 (the control group) received no intervention or psychological treatment. Three dimensions of epileptic convulsion were studied: (a) severity of symptoms, (b) frequency of seizures, (c) a feeling of control over the tonic-clonic convulsive epileptic attacks, which were assessed through the Epilepsy Symptoms Scale (ESS). Findings: The findings demonstrated that CBT reduced the severity of symptoms and increased the feeling of control over epileptic attacks, but did not reduce their frequency. Biofeedback training did not significantly reduce the frequency of symptoms. The failure to reduce the frequency of epileptic seizures might be due to several factors, such as medicinal treatment, and inaccuracy of the information provided to the therapist by the parents of the epileptic patients. Results: Psychological intervention is effective in the control of epileptic attack it calls for further research. }, Keywords = {children, youths, epilepsy, cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), biofeedback}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {56-64}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-237-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-237-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Mofrad, S. and Atefvahid, M. K. and Bayanzadeh, S. A.}, title = {Comparison of the Worries of Anxious and Normal Children in the Schools of Dashtestan}, abstract ={AbstractObjectives:  The present study was designed to compare the worries of anxious children to that of normal children in the town of Dashtestan in Booshehr Province. Method : This was a post-hoc study conducted in two phases. In the initial phase, the validity and reliability of the research tools were assessed. In the main phase, the  tests were administered on the subjects next the collected sets of data were compared to one another. The anxious group was comprised of 30 subjects, (17 girls, 13 boys). In the normal group, there were 50 subjects (26 girls, 24 boys). Both groups were matched in terms of sex, age, and level of education. The age of the subjects ranged from 8 to 14 years, and their level of education ranged from the 2nd grade of primary school to 3rd grade of junior high school. The instruments used in the study were  List of Children’s Worries , Children’s Worries Questionnaire, and Revised Children’s Anxiety Scale. Findings: The study indicated a significant difference between the normal & anxious children in terms of anxiety indices the anxious children were more worried than the normal subjects. Further examination of the impact of age and sex on anxiety indices showed that older children were more worried about their personal performance, whereas younger children were more worried about personal injury.The frequency of worrisome matters was greater among boys than girls. The review of anxiety indices in the different groups of subjects demonstrated no significant relationship between type of illness and anxiety indices.  }, Keywords = {worries, anxiety , cognition , children}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {65-72}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-238-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-238-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Ghaderi, T.}, title = {Psychopathology and Mental Health in Middle Persian Manuscripts}, abstract ={AbstractObjectives:  The present study was designed to trace the literature related to the history of psychopathology and mental health in Middle Persian manuscripts. Method: The method consisted of library research into the hand written manuscripts and the collection of Middle Persian (Pahlavi) texts dating back to some fifteen hundred years ago. Findings: The frequency of the term ravan (psyche) and its lexical combinations reveal the basis of psychopathology, techniques of mental health care, and the history of psychology in ancient Persia.  }, Keywords = {Psyche, Persia, body and mind, moderation, socializing}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {73-79}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-239-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-239-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Ardalan, A. and Shahmohammadi, D.}, title = {Psychiatrist Manpower in Iran: A Planning Evidence}, abstract ={Abstract The purpose of human resources planning in the health services system is to account for a sufficient number of efficient manpower in all the needed professions, who are appropriately distributed in terms of geographical, gender, and organizational parameters. Any inadequacies in such planning will lead to lack of coordination between supply and demand. Planning for psychiatrist manpower follows the same rule. The changes in social, cultural, and economic conditions, followed by an increase in the intensity of mental disorders more than ever before calls for extended implementation of mental health programs and careful attention to proper human resources planning, which plays a governing key role in the success of such programs. The purpose of this article is to examine the various aspects of human resources planning in Iran. In this regard, it presents an assessment of the present conditions of manpower in Iran, a critique of reviews implemented in this area, a survey of the number of psychiatrists and its ratio to the population as compared to other countries, and the significant factors affecting the need for psychiatrists. Finally, appropriate suggestions are provided with regard to the lack of an existing integrated planning system, and the lack or inadequacy of the data required for future policy making in the country’s mental health and treatment system.  }, Keywords = { human resources, mental health, psychiatry, Iran}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {4-13}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-240-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-240-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {AhmadKhaniha, H. R. and TurkmanNejad, Sh. and HussainiMoghaddam, M. M.}, title = {Epidemiology of Depression and Sexual Abuse among Street Children}, abstract ={AbstractObjectives: This study reviews the prevalence of present as well as prior history of sexual abuse and depression among the street children of South Tehran. Method: Using K-SADS, 87 street children as the subjects of the study from District 12 of Tehran were screened for depression. The prevalence of their experience of sexual abuse was assessed through clinical interviews. The average age of the subjects was 11 years. 56 children (64%) were boys and 31 children (36%) were girls. Findings: The results showed that 26 girls (86.7%) and 27 boys (48.2%) were diagnosed with depression. Significant co-relations were indicated between depression and the following variables: fathers’ history of imprisonment, fathers’ unemployment, and family income provided by someone other than the father. The findings also demonstrated that 18 subjects (20.9%) had been victims of sexual abuse in 55.5% of the cases, the abuse was committed by a stranger. No significant co-relations were found between sexual abuse with depression, drug abuse, cigarette smoking, or other variables under study. Results: The high prevalence of depression and sexual abuse among homeless children demands serious attention from both governmental and non-governmental organizations in provision of protection and education for these children. Special attention invested in this stratum of the society is quite indispensable in the eradication of venereal diseases and the prevention of the spread of AIDS. }, Keywords = {sexual abuse, depression, street children, K - SADS}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {14-20}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-241-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-241-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Ghoreishizadeh, S. M. A. and Torabi, K.}, title = {Factors Contributing to Illicit Substance Dependence among Treatment Seeking Addicts in Tabriz}, abstract ={AbstractObjectives:This study examined the leading factors causing drug abuse initiation and further continuation and relapse of illicit drug use by treatment seeking addicts in Tabriz Self-Referred Welfare Center. Method: Among those referring to the Center, 200 male addicts were randomly selected as the subjects of the study. The necessary information was collected through semi-structured psychiatric clinical interviews and a questionnaire on epidemiology as well as etiology of substance dependence. Findings: The findings demonstrated that the highest number of subjects (46%) fell in the 25 to 34-age range group 65% possessed education below high school diploma and 78% were married. The most common substance used was opium (80%). As for the causation of substance abuse, the most common responses were in the following categories: peer pressure and interaction with unsuitable cohorts (28%), Enjoyment and recreational use (26%), Physical discomfort and pain relief (19%), Psychological pressures and life stressors (13%). The factors contributing to the maintenance and continuation of drug abuse were found in the categories of Feelings of dependence (20%), Inability to tolerate withdrawal symptoms (28%), Euphoric effects (15.5%), Elimination of anxiety and stress (12.5%), Self confidence (11%), Concentration, thinking and working capacity (13%). The factors leading to relapse after some periods of abstinence included Mental stress ensuing from withdrawal (45%), Banishment by the family (10%), Peer pressure (22%), Feeling of loneliness and social ostracism (8.5%), Unemployment (6%), and Depression (8.5%). Results: This study demonstrated that various biological, psychological, and social factors contribute to different levels of illicit substance dependence.  }, Keywords = {dependence, opium, abuse, addict, withdrawal}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {21-28}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-242-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-242-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {SayyadiAnari, A. R. and Esmaili, A. and Nazer, M. and Khaleghi, E.}, title = {Demographic Features of Opium Dependent Patients with Successful Withdrawal Attempts at RUMS Outpatient Clinic}, abstract ={AbstractObjectives: The purpose of the study was to examine the role of individual and social factors in continuation of treatment as well as relapse for opium dependent patients. Method: 920 upload dependent patients admitted to the self-referring clinic at the Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (RUMS) were selected through random sampling as the subjects of the survey. In an ad hoc study, the subjects were monitored through a six-month follow up period. The data were collected through an demographic questionnaire. Findings: The results indicated 28.7% of the subjects had successful opium withdrawal, but 15.7% of them relapsed in less than 6 months, and only 119 subjects (12.9%) remained clean at the 6- month follow-up screening. In addition, there were significant differences found between the successful withdrawal group, unsuccessful withdrawal group, and the relapsed group across the following parameters: age, employment, marital status, ownership of a place of residence, type of opium, the usage route, daily dosage, initiation age, experience with other drugs, prior experiences with injection and abstinence. Results: Successful treatment cannot be judged with reference to a single variable rather, there are a number of intervening factors that determine the prognosis of treatment, of which the addict’s personal and social characteristics constitute only a part.  }, Keywords = {opium dependence, demographic features, prognosis, treatment, withdrawal, abstinence, Iran }, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {29-38}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-243-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-243-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {KhodayariFard, M. and GhobariBonab, B. and Faghihi, A. N. and VahdatTorbati, Sh.}, title = {Forgiveness Treatment with an Emphasis on Islamic Perspective: A Case Study}, abstract ={Abstract Objectives: The present article examines the application of “forgiveness” with an emphasis on Islamic perspective as a treatment method to improve interpersonal relationships and to enhance problem-solving skills in the resolution of difficulties and internal conflicts such as resentfulness toward others in particular. Method: The study was conducted as a library research and a testimonial report of two case studies in which the spoken treatment had been used. Findings: The findings demonstrated that by using this method, the resentful subjects were able to gradually replace their negative thoughts and feelings toward others with positive ones. Results: Forgiveness treatment-method is effective in reconciliation of the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors of the resentful it improves relationships with others. This method seems to be more effective for those who have stronger religious inclinations.  }, Keywords = { forgiveness, treatment, Islamic perspective}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {39-48}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-244-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-244-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Shakeri, J. and Sadeghi, Kh.}, title = {Prevalence of Personality Disorders among the Hospitalized Patients at an Educational-Treatment Center in Kermanshah}, abstract ={Abstract Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to examine the comorbidity of personality disorders with mental disorders that are focus of clinical attention. Method: 203 hospitalized patients (124 male and 79 female) at the psychiatric ward of Farabi Educational-Treatment Center in Kermanshah were selected from an available sample as the subjects of the study. A symptom check list was used to review the patients' psychiatric symptoms based on DSM- IV diagnostic criteria. Findings:  67.5% of subjects were found to suffer from co-existing personality disorders. Some of the most common dually diagnosed disorders were as follow: schizoid personality disorder with schizophrenia (25.8%), paranoid personality disorder with psychosis (48.3%), narcissistic personality disorder with bipolar (38%), borderline personality disorder with major depression (61.2%), and antisocial personality disorder with drug- dependency (29.5%). Moreover, personality disorders were found to be more prevalent among the following groups of subjects: women, literate, younger, unemployed, third born or younger children of the family, patients whose parents were relatives, patients with personal or family history of psychiatric disorders, and subjects in higher socio-economic classes.   }, Keywords = {prevalence rate, personality disorders, mental disorders, comorbidity}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {49-56}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-245-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-245-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Firouzabadi, A. and Momeni, T.}, title = {Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Hospitalized Patients with Bipolar Disorder}, abstract ={Abstract Objectives: The study was implemented to investigate the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in the hospitalized patients suffering from bipolar disorder in Shiraz. Method: The subjects were 384 bipolar patients (192 female and 192 male) hospitalized in the psychiatric wards of Ibne’Sina and Hafez hospitals in Shiraz. The subjects' age range was between 13 to 85 years their history of diabetes was evaluated and then compared with the general population in terms of prevalence of the disorder. Findings: 7 females and 9 males were diagnosed with diabetes, of whom only one was diagnosed with type II diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes among the population under study was 4.2%, which was significantly different from that of the general population. Results: The study implies that the comorbidity of the two disorders might be due to genetic inheritance, a cause-effect relationship, the presence of a shared disorder involving specific brain areas, or the effect of the medication. }, Keywords = { diabetes, bipolar disorder, comorbidity }, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {57-60}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-246-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-246-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Naziri, Gh. and Birashk, B.}, title = {Optional Bias toward Guilt Feeling Signs in the Course of Information Processing in Obsessive-Compulsive Patients`}, abstract ={Abstract Objectives: The present study was designed to examine the bias toward signs related to guilt feeling in the course of information processing in obsessive-compulsive patients. Method: Within the framework of a quasi-experimental design, 20 obsessive-compulsive patients through a Stroop Test were compared with 20 depressed and 20 normal subjects. Findings: The findings of the study demonstrated that the obsessive-compulsive patients took more time to read guilt related color-signs the depressed subjects too showed the same delay when compared to the normal group. No significant difference in lapsed time was noted among the three groups in relation to the signs lacking emotional load. Results: The results verify previous research findings concerning obsessive-compulsive disorder, which emphasize the role of guilt feeling as a foregrounding, exposing, or maintaining factor in this disorder. The clinical advices derived from the results of this research are to take notice of this symptom in the cognitive treatment of obsessive patients and attempting to reduce it.  }, Keywords = {obsessive - compulsive disorder, guilt feeling, Stroop Test, process of data processing }, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {61-69}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-247-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-247-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Mehrabian, S. and MohammadAlizadeh, S. and Bahrampour, M. R.}, title = {Knowledge and Attitude of Nurses Regarding ECT among Staff at a Psychiatric Hospital}, abstract ={Abstract Objectives: Although widely used in treatment of some mental illnesses, electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) still receives negative reactions, even from medical and nursing communities. The purpose of the present study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of the nursing staff at Shahid Beheshti Psychiatric Hospital in Kerman toward ECT, and their method of care for patients under ECT treatment. Method: 80 staff members of the spoken hospital were the subjects of the study. Reviewed by an aid of a questionnaire developed by the researcher, the staff’s method of care was observed before, during, and after 80 consecutively conducted ECTs. Findings: The results demonstrated that most subjects were female (78.7%), married (73.8%), under 31 years of age (46.3%), and held a B.A. (or higher) degrees (51.3%). The subjects collectively responded correctly to 47.8% of the questions 67.3% was reached on the attitude test score. A comparative analysis of the attitude scores based on demographic features, showed a statistically significant difference in terms of age, sex, and working experience, so that staff members who were older and had more working experience obtained lower attitude scores. Results: The nurses’ limited knowledge of ECT and their slightly negative attitude toward it calls for ECT education for nurses. }, Keywords = {knowledge, attitude, electro-convulsive therapy, ECT, nursing staff}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {70-75}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-248-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-248-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Dadfar, M. and Malakouti, K. and Bolhari, J. and Mehrabi, F.}, title = {The Impact of Pharmacological Treatment on Personality Disorders of Obsessive-Compulsive Patients}, abstract ={AbstractObjectives: This study was designed to examine the changes in the diagnosis of personality disorders of obsessive-compulsive patients following a pharmacological treatment. Method: In a quasi-experimental design, 30 obsessive-compulsive patients (15 with and 15 without personality disorders) selected from an available sample, received pharmaceutical treatment for a period of three months. The tools used for this study included a demographic questionnaire, Hamilton Rating Depression Scale, Yale-Brown Obsessive-compulsive Scale, and MCMI-II. The subjects were matched in term of variables affecting treatment. The data were analyzed through a t-test, X2, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon statistical methods. Findings:  No significant difference was found in the number of personality disorders diagnosed before and after treatment in either group of obsessive-compulsive patients (with and without personality disorders). However, as a result of a personality trait comparison, a significant difference was indicated between the aforementioned groups before and after treatment. Results: Pharmaceutical treatment is more likely effective in bringing about changes in personality traits of obsessive-compulsive patients. Such an impact is either influential in alteration of the ways by which this illness is manifested or by affecting personality traits directly. }, Keywords = {obsessive-compulsive disorder, personality disorders, pharmacological treatment}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {76-87}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-249-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-249-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} } @article{ author = {Asgari, M. A.}, title = {Short Scientific Article}, abstract ={Short Scientific Article}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {89-89}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-250-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-250-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2002} }