@article{ author = {Omidvari, sepideh and Bina, mehdi and Yassemi, mohamad taghi}, title = {Pre-Hospitalization Pathways among Psychiatric Patients in Imam Hussain Hospital in 1999}, abstract ={Objectives: The survey was designed to identify which pathways psychiatric patient go through in seeking psychiatric services, how often they visit general physicians, other specialists, health care centers, and traditional healers, whether they use herbal medicine, and how they refer to Imam Hussein General Hospital Psychiatric Training Center. Method: 256 Patients (109 female and 146 male) who refered to the center were studied by administering a 23 items questionnaire. They were selected through random sampling. Their average age was 28.9±14.2 years. 41% were married and 55.5% were single. The findings were analyzed through chi2, Findings: The results demonstrated that, as the first step in seeking treatment, 84.3% of subjects visited physicians and medical centers, 14.5% turned to traditional healers and alternative treatments. 42.5% of all cases had turned to sorcerers. 65.7% had been refered to the center by relatives and friends. The average time interval between appearance of the first symptoms and first visiting the physician/healer was 2.2±4.08 years and the average time interval between appearance of the first symptoms and referring to psychiatrists or psychiatric centers was 3.6±5.39 years. Findings: The results demonstrated that traditional healers still play an important role in attracting patients, and that <shape id="_x0000_i1026" style="WIDTH: 6pt HEIGHT: 37.5pt" standalone="yes" encoding="UTF-8" equationxml="}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {4-13}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1953-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1953-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Malakouti, kazem and Mehrabi, ferydon and Bolhari, jafar and Dadfar, mahbobeh}, title = {The Impact of Personality Disorders on Medical Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Patients}, abstract ={Objectives: The study was designed to examine the impact of the comorbidity of personality disorders with the obsessive-compulsive disorder on the medical treatment of patients suffering from both. Method: Following a quasi-experimental design, 30 subjects suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder were selected through convenient sampling, 15 with personality disorders and 15 without, They were treated with Fluoxetine for 3 months. The research tools comprised a demographic questionnaire, Hamilton Depression Scale, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, and the MCMI-f1. The subjects were homogeneous in terms of other variables affecting treatment, such as sex, age, and duration of the disorder. The data was analyzed by t-test and chi2 statistical methods. Results: The results demonstrated that: a) there was no significant difference in the severity of post-treatment obsession among the two groups, and that medical treatment significantly reduced obsession in both groups b) there was no significant difference in the severity of pre-treatment obsession among the two groups.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {13-23}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1954-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1954-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Abdullahian, ebrahim and Zohravi, tahereh and Mousavi, zohreh}, title = {A Comparison of TRH Results in Patients with Major Depression and those with other Psychological Disorders}, abstract ={Objectives: The present study was carried out to examine the thyroid diseases and major depression and to compare it with other psychiatric disorders. Method: The study was carried out with two groups of subjects, and experimental group, made up of 30 out-patients (15 male and 15 female) with major depressive disorder, and a comparison group made up of 30 out-patients (15 male and 15 female) with other psychiatric disorders. Thyroid tests, i. e. T4, T3RU, Base TSH, and TRH were administered to each patient. Findings: 30% of depressed patients and 36.7% of the subjects in the comparison group showed slow response to TRH. 13.3% of the depressed patients plus 16.7% of the comparison group showed an increased response to TRH. A t-test was applied, and no significant difference was noticed in the results of thyroid tests and of the TRH between the two groups. The interactive impact of sex and age on thyroid disease was studied in both groups. The hypothesis relating to the changes of TRH on depression are later discussed in the paper.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {23-32}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1955-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1955-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Toofani, hamid and Musavi, sayed abbas}, title = {Lunar Phases and Overdose Attempted Suicide}, abstract ={Objectives: The present study was carried out to investigate the relationship between different lunar phases and the occurrence of overdose attempted suicide. Method: The study was carried out for a period of three lunar years (Shaban 1416 to Shaban 1419) with patients admitted to the Intoxication Emergency Clinic at Imam Reza Hospital in Mashad. In this research, 13422 cases of suicide attempts, which were recorded in the hospital files were studied. Admission dates which were originally recorded according to solar calendar, were later converted to lunar calender for the purpose of this study. Then, on the basis of lunar phases and the shape of the moon as observed from the earth, the days of lunar months were divided into four periods: the crescent-to-half moon period, the half moon-to-full moon period, the full moon to half-moon period, and the half moon-to-crescent period. The data collected for each period were analyzed through chi2. Findings: The result demonstrated that the highest numbers of overdose suicide attempts were made during the full moon period and the days around it. The frequency of attempts shows a significant difference in the above periods (P<O.05).}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {32-38}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1956-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1956-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Yazdandoost, rokhsareh and Rezvantalab, hadi and Payrovi, hosay}, title = {Investigation of Dysfunctional Attitudes, Depression and Severity of Coronary Heart Disease in Patients Admitted at C.C.U.}, abstract ={Objectives: The present research was carried out to investigate the role of psychological structures particularly dysfunctional attitudes with its consequence depression in incidence and severity of coronary heart disease. Method: In this research 30 patients (28 males and 2 females) suffering from myocardial infarction and 30 nonpatient individuals (28 males and 2 females) after matching were studied and compared with regard to depression and dysfunctional attitudes through Beck Depression Inventory, Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale and Personal Data Questionnaire. In addition, severity of myocardial infarction in relation to depression and dysfunctional attitudes in patient group was also studied. Research data were analyzed through t-test and coefficient of correlation. Results: This investigation indicated that frequency of depression in patients suffering from myocardial infarction is more than nonpatient group and the mean of their severity of depression as compared to nonpatinet group is significant. Also, the mean score of dysfunctional attitudes in patient group as compared to nonpatient group has a significant difference. Although in both the groups there is a positive correlation between depression and dysfunctional attitudes, but this correlation is much stronger in patient group than in nonpatient group.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {38-45}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1957-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1957-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {KhodayariFard, mohamad and GhobariBonab, bagher and .ShokouhiYekta, mohse}, title = {The Domain of Psychological Researches on Religion}, abstract ={The studies on psychology of religion, which began in the 19th century in the context of experimental psychology and psychoanalysis, fall into two categories those which explore the impact of religion on various individuals and social dimensions, and those which concentrate on the methodology of religion. The present paper deals with the former category. Few studies have so far shown a positive relationship between religion and physical and mental health. Various viewpoints and models have been suggested in this respect of which two are discussed in this paper: the role of religion in coping with stressors, and a cognitive model of religion. Some studies have explored the relationship between religion and personality disorders, focusing on aspects, such as introversion-extraversion, psychosis, neurosis and obsessive personality disorder, as well as the internal and external locus of control. The impact of religion on social phenomena has already found several applications in counseling and psychotherapy.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {45-54}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1958-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1958-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Ehsanmanesh, mojtab}, title = {Epidemiology of Mental Disorders In Iran:}, abstract ={The epidemiology of psychological disorders plays a significant role in the identification of the present state of mental health in the society and estimation of its requirements at any period of time. Based on worldwide epidemiological researches on mental disorders, the findings and instruments of 29 such researches carried out in Iran were reviewed. The review demonstrated that the studies varied in their tools, method and populations, which represented different socio-economic groups, and that the prevalence of mental disorders was therefore reported differently in different researches, ranging from B% to 53% among the various populations. The acceptable piont prevalence may therefore be estimated between 18% to 23% in the country, which is higher than that of western countries. One of the striking findings of the researches was that mental disorders are two to three times more common among women than among men. The review further examines some methodological problems of the epidemiology of mental disorders.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {54-70}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1959-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1959-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Ramezani, tahereh}, title = {Degree of Depression and the Need for Counseling among Women with Breast Cancer in Kerman Chemotherapeutic Centers}, abstract ={Objectives: The present study was carried out to determine the rate of depression and the need for counseling among women with breast cancer in Kerman chemotherapy centers. Method: 120 subjects were selected through convenient sampling within one year from among the female breast cancer patients calling on chemotherapy centers in Kerman. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered together with a questionnaire on counseling needs. The collected data was then analyzed with the help of Kruskal-Wallis Test and chi square tests. Findings: The results demonstrated that the age range for most of the patients (68.3%) was 35 to 55, and that the degree of depression among 40.8% of the patients ranged from medium to high. None of the patients had received therapeutic counseling services, but 60% of them believed that they needed such services during cancer treatment. The need for counseling was extremely high among 91.6% of the patients. There was a significant difference between the patients' occupational/educational status and their degree of depression, The more educated they were, the less depressed they proved to be. Also, working women were less depressed than housewives. The greatest need for counseling was witnessed among the patients who received medicine and radio-chemotherapy (59.3%). No relationship was found between depression and the need for counseling.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {70-80}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1960-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1960-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2001} } @article{ author = {Mohajer, mortez}, title = {Polypharmacy consumption in psychiatry treatment: acute mania}, abstract ={Prescribing the overdose of medicatioin or polypharmacy for a patient is not principally recommended. Although , studies indicate that the usage of polypharmacy, specially from different groups of medicines, and in particular for refractory patients to treatment, if it is prescribed carefully, not only is beneficial but is necessary too. From the total patients who refer to medical doctors for any reason, 28 to 35 percent suffer from one kind of mental disorder, and those patients whose illnesses are diagnosed as more severe and complex would be referred to psychiatrists by their physicians. Perhaps for that reason, psychiatrists are forced more than any other medical doctors to prescribe polypharmacy. The medication often prescribed as polypharmacy in psychiatry are, 1) antidepressants and benzodiazepins (25%), 2) antipsychotics and antidepressants (17%), and 3) lithum and antidepressants (8%). Among psychiatric patients, the sufferer from mania need to take polypharmacy more than any other patients to be able to control the symptoms of their illness. Today, considering the peculiarity of psycho-pharmacological medications on one hand, and more complexity of medical treatment in psychiatry on the other also increasing number of the refractory patients on the treatment, it have necessitate gaining adequate and up to date by psychiatrists knowledge for prescribing polypharmacy. This article also argues about the limitations, difficulties, reasoning and the method of applying psychopharmacological drugs in mental disturbances, specially in acute mania.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-4}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1817-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1817-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {.Abdollahian, ebrahim and SeyedNozadi, mohsen and Sargolzaii, mohamad rez}, title = {Economical burden of the depressive disorders on patient and society}, abstract ={Objective: depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders which may cause disability and premature mortality. Also coerces extra expenditures of depressed patients involved in the number of times referred to the physician, number of paraclinic checking , and the absent days from work or school throughout the year with those of the general population. Method: one hundred depressed patients (67% female and 33% male) and 100 non-depressed (66% female and 34% male) who had equal demographic status such as age, educational level and occupation, were assessed by questionnaire. The statistical data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and t-test. Findings: the findings indicate that the two groups were significantly different on the number of their referring to physicians (excluding psychiatric visits) and laboratory checkings also on the days not attending to their work or classes.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {4-20}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1815-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1815-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Bolhari, jafar and Ehsanmanesh, mojtaba and .KarimiKaisami, es}, title = {Relationship between the stressors, stress symptoms, and reliance on God (Tavakkol) in Medical students}, abstract ={Objective: this study has been carried out in Iran and Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences to assess the relationship among stressors, the rate of reliance on God and stress symptoms. Method: the 408 study sample (M=234, F=174), were randomly selected from the students, with the age mean score 22.4 years old (SD= 3.45), studying in different educational levels of basic sciences, physiopathology, clinical and internships. The data were collected through "Reliance on God Questionnaire", "Stressors Questionnaire", and "stress symptoms questionnaire", and were statistically analyzed by variance, and Sheffe's methods. Findings: the findings showed that 44.1% of the subjects had low level of stress, 31.1% had average level and 24.8% had high level of stress. The stressors like failing in exams, death of the beloved ones, and severe fights with father, gained the highest percentile rate among the students respectively. From the symptoms, distress, anxiety and shyness are reported more than any other symptoms by the subjects. Results: the comparisons between the scores obtained from the two scales indicated that the higher the scores of "reliance on God Questionnaire" results a decrease of the scores in "Stress Symptoms Questionnaire".}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {20-25}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1823-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1823-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Bahrami, hadi}, title = {Phobic disorders among students in Tehran}, abstract ={  Objective : this study examined forty nine instances of phobic adolescents pheromena classified in the following seven categories: school phobia, agoraphobia, zoophobia, claustrophobia, social phobia, physician fear, exam anxiety. Method: the subjects were 120 female and 120 male high-school and pre-university students selected through random cluster sampling. The data were analyzed through descriptive method and t-test. Findings: the findings indicate that social phobia are on the top of the rank of other phobias hierarchically followed by zoophobia, physician phobia, school phobia, agoraphobia and phenomena ranked respectively. Notably, the scores obtained by female students were higher than males both in the number of phobic instances and in the intensity of the condition.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {25-35}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1825-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1825-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Kaviani, hosay}, title = {The efficacy of films on inducing pleasant and unpleasant emotions, and modification of startle reflex}, abstract ={  Objective : the studies indicate that the "eye-blink" components of "acoustic startle reflex" can be modulated through emotionally slide stimuli. Pleasant stimulants reduce eye-blink amplitude, whereas unpleasant stimulants enhance them. Method: the present study examines the modulation of the acoustic startle reflexes through a short film clips (2-min), classified as pleasant, unpleasant and neutral, on the basis of subjective ratings on 22 males and females aged between 18 – 45 years old. Findings: results indicate a significant reduction of startle during the pleasant clips and an increase during unpleasant clips. However, one of the two unpleasant clips (a medical demonstration film depicting details of toe surgery) inhibited the startle reflex rather than augmented it. This is discussed in terms of the proposition that only stimuli which arouse fear, can be guaranteed to augment startle, and repulsive stimuli may produce perceptual and emotional "blunting" that reduces startle amplitude.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {35-45}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1826-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1826-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Haqshenas, has}, title = {Developing and standardization of "word reading Scale" as verbal intelligence scale}, abstract ={  Objective: neuropsychological findings suggest that the ability to write short words do not give any hints of those words to be pronounced correctly. This is one of the brain's abilities that could be defected by brain's lesion on the basis of these findings, a scale was invented in Farsi language consisting of 50 words to assess words reading as the scale of verbal intelligence called "word Reading Scale" abbreviated as "MHK". Method: this self-made inventory has been standardized on 154 samples from the city of Shiraz (F= 76 & M=78). Raven Progressive Matrices were used as external criterion to signify the correlation between the scores of "word reading Scale" and general intelligence quotient. Also the correlation coefficient between these scales and the level of education of the subjects were calculated. Conclusion: the data indicate that the Word Reading Scale is significantly valid and it may assess general level of intelligence.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {45-52}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1827-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1827-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Ya'ghoobi, hami}, title = {The role of human factors in car accidents in Iran}, abstract ={  Introduction : in any car accident four factors may be involved: human factor, road, vehicle and environment. About 90 to 95 percent of car accidents in Iran are caused by human factor which could be pointed out as driving errors, traffic misconception, tiredness, drowsiness, drug and alcohol consumption driving in dark hours (late night, early morning, and after lunch), youngsters' driving, specially at late night weekends and while they are accompanied by their pals. Method: this is a library method study which also looks to the results obtained from the researches administered in Iran and the world organizations on car accidents. Findings: comparing the rate of car crashes between Iran and other countries reveals a 55% growth of car accidents in Iran during 1993 – 1995. Also the mean score of the car accident victims in Iran is many times higher than other countries. Most of the victims are among the pedestrians in active age-group- 20 to 50 years old. Results: to prevent car accidents, an educational programme has been suggested for students, drivers and pedestrians.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {52-60}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1828-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1828-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {HaydariPahlavian, ahmad and FarzadSeear, kamran and Eqbalian, masumeh}, title = {The effect of psycho-social and educational factors on school performance among shahed students}, abstract ={  Objective : early school dropout and its social and behavioral consequences is one of the important problems among the students in particular at middle school level. In this study the psycho-social factors associated with school performance of middle school Shahed [1] students are examined in Hamedan province. Method: 889 Shahed students and 51 non-Shahed students from the same school were evaluated by survey method and through the following scales: Questionnaire developed by the researcher as educational attitude scale, Cooper-smith Self-Esteem Scale, and Children Depression Scale (CDS). Findings: the data analysis of this research was based on multivariate regression, indicates that from the variables associated with the research hypothesis, some factors such as family, self esteem, depression, level of satisfaction with mother, and the length of the father's absence, can explain the variation of students' average scores on school performance.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {60-68}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1829-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1829-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Tatari, fayzeh and Soudi, suodabeh}, title = {Investigating Delusional Disorder Among Hospitalized Patients in Farahi Hospital in Kennanshah}, abstract ={Objectives: The present study focused on the frequency of Delusional Disorder (DD) in the patients hospitalized in a psychiatric ward in the west part of Iran (Kermanshah), Method: In this retrospective and descriptive research, 601 hospitalized patients' files (1992 to 1996) at Farabi Hospital were inspected. The frequency of the patients with DD, their demographic information, co-morbid somatic complaints with DD, types of delusion, perceptual disturbances, mood state, state of insight and course of illness were studied. Results: Fifty-nine cases (8,9%) were found with the diagnosis of DD. The prevalence of DD was more common among men than women, while the available literature shows the reverse pattern. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the characteristics of the DD are somewhat similar to the earlier reports, but the gender and mood state showed noticeable differences.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {4-9}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1830-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1830-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Darijani, nabi allah and Mirsepasi, gholam reza and Sanati, mohamad and Novrouziav, maryam}, title = {Soft Neurological Signs in Paranoid and Other Subtypes of Schizophrenia}, abstract ={Objectives: The Present study was designed to investigate differences between paranoid and non-paranoid diagnosed patients in their soft neurological signs (SNS). The relationship between SNS and medication used for psychiatric treatment of the disorder was also noted. Method: Forty patients with diagnosis of schizophrenia (20 males and 20 females) and 15 subjects without any psychiatric disorder were asked to participate in the study. There were equal numbers of patients with diagnosis of paranoid and other subtypes of schizophrenia (non-paranoid). The patients were interviewed and examined for SNS individually. The dosage of medications used by the subjects were computed in terms of chlorpromazine equivalent and entered into the analysis. Results: patients in contrast to controls (P<O.05) and non paranoid in contrast to paranoid group (P<0,001) showed higher rate of SNS. The rate of SNS was significantly higher in patients with negative symptoms in contrast to those with positive symptoms (P<0,01). Only the total rate of SNS showed significant correlation with positive symptoms (P<O.05). There was no significant correlation between SNS and forms of thought disorder and dosage of psychiatric medication intake by the patients. Conclusion: SNSs are primary signs in schizophrenia and are more prevalent among non-paranoid patients than patients with diagnosis of paranoid disorder. The SNSs seem not to be affected by medication and are significantly correlated with negative symptoms of schizophrenia than thought disorder form.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {9-16}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1831-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1831-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Sadeghi, khayrollah and Saberi, sayd mehdi and Assareh, marziyh}, title = {Epidemiological Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Kermanshah Urban Residents}, abstract ={  Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorder in over 15 years old residents of Kermanshah, capital of a western province of Iran. Method: Five hundred and one males and females (270 females and 231 males) throughout random-cluster sampling were investigated by using Self Rating Questionnaire (SRO) and Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Results: The findings revealed that 25.2% of the sample suffered from a psychiatric disorder, anxiety disorder (16.6%) and personality disorders (8.6%) were the most common. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders were more common among females (widows and divorced), the elderly, the jobless, illiterates, housewives, families with fewer members and those with family history of a psychiatric disorder. Conclusion: Beyond the above findings, SRO proved to have proper capacity for screening purpose. The test-retest analysis and internal consistency of the questionnaire were satisfactory in these respects .}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {16-26}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1832-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1832-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Sayyadi, ahmad reza and Nazer, mohamad and Khaleghi, ezatoiiah}, title = {Body Image Disturbance Represented in Individuals Draw-a-Person Test in a Group of Schizophrenic Patients and Healthy Individuals}, abstract ={  Objectives : Body image is defined as image and feelings of an individual about size, form and parts of his or her body. The present study aimed to investigate the body image disturbance in a group of patients. Method: The present descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with a group of patients with diagnosis of schizophrenia (12 females and 15 males) and a group of subjects without any psychiatric disorder (15 females and 15 males). The two groups were matched for age, years of formal education, marital status, job and physical illness. Chi-Square analysis was used for statistical evaluation, Furthermore, Goodenough scoring system was utilized for estimating 10, and McHover method was used for psychological assessment. Results: The results showed that the patient group drew persons with a number of errors in contrast to the control group (omission of parts, placing the parts in inappropriate positions and size, deformation of shapes of parts, etc.), Furthermore. patients and the control group were different in their scores for 10 in the Goodenough scoring system. Conclusion: The findings suggested that schizophrenic patients my have impaired body concept .}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {26-32}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1833-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1833-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Alaghband-Rad, javad and Moemeni, farz}, title = {The Association Between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Learning Disorder in Boys Aged 7-12 Years Old.}, abstract ={  Objectives: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) along with Learning Disorder (LD) is one of the most important child and adolescent psychiatric disorder. They are most often seen comorbidly in patients. Our study seeks to examine the relationship between ADHD and LD in our sample. Method: Thirty boys suffering from ADHD, as diagnosed by certified child and adolescent psychiatrists using the DSM-IV criteria, were compared with a control group of 30 healthy subjects matched for age as well as socioeconomic characteristics. Relevant items from Canner's Rating Scale (Parent form) were used to assess learning disorders in the subjects. Research data were analyzed using statistical descriptive methods and t-test. Results: findings showed that 13 (43.3%) patients with ADHD and 3 (9.96%) of normal controls suffered from LD. The difference between these two groups were statistically significant .}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {32-37}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1834-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1834-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Mohammadkhani, parvaneh and Delavar, ali and Muhammadi, mohamad rez}, title = {Quality of Life of the Parents\' of Abused Children}, abstract ={  Objectives : The present study was carried out to evaluate the predictive value of parental quality of life on abusive behavior with children. Method: This study investigated the life quality of the parents of 38 abused boys detected in the second grade of secondary schools of selected areas of Tehran. The results were compared with students matched for age and area of residency, without recent suffering of child abuse. Results: The findings revealed a lower quality of life of the parents of abused subjects at significant level in contrast to the control group. Comparison of the profiles of the two groups revealed lower physical health, individuation, marital discourse , parent-child relationship, job satisfaction, artistic-creative behavior and leisure time activity in the parents of abused children. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the scores of marital discourse and artistic-creative behavior scales can successfully predict the variations of abusive scores. The mentioned scales showed significant effect on abusive scores in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The quality of parents marital discourse and artistic-creative behavior have the greatest predictive value for parents' abusive behavior .}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {37-48}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1835-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1835-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Yousefi, faygh and Erfani, nasrollah and Kheyrabadi, gholam reza and Ghanei, hosay}, title = {Prevalence of Conduct Disorder in a Group of Secondary School Students of Kordestan Province}, abstract ={  Objectives : The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of conduct disorder and disruptive behavior disorder in a group of secondary school students in 1999, Method: A group of 2760 secondary school students (924 males and 1836 females) were selected through stratified random sampling. A Persian Version of Children Symptoms Inventory-4th ed. (CSI-4) and a self made questionnaire for demographic variables were used. The data were analyzed through X2 and descriptive statistical methods. Results: The results showed that the rate of conduct disorder and disruptive behavior prevalence among the sample group were 6,3% and 6.9% respectively, Satisfactory sensitivity of the CSI-4 questions were also found for predicting conduct disorder (85%) and disruptive behavior disorder (80%). This study indicated that there is a significant correlation (P<O,01) between the students past year average school score and present canduct and disruptive behaviors disorders also significant correlation between the gender and conduct disorder (P<0/01), Parent's divorce and disruptive behaviors, family income and conduct disorder was found .}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {48-55}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1836-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1836-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Hashemzadeh, eraj and Aurangi, maryam and Bahrehdar, moham}, title = {The Relationship Between Job Stress and Mental Health in a Group of Hospital Employees in Shiraz}, abstract ={  Objectives : The present study was designed to investigate the possible relationship between job stress and mental health in a group of hospital employees of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Method: Three hundred and ninety-seven employees (150 administrative and 247 medical staff) were selected randomly through stratified random sampling. They were requested to answer the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Pickle Paykel Life Inventory. Results: The findings revealed significant correlation between job stress and mental health. The medical staff showed significantly lower level of mental health when compared with office workers. More desirable level of mental health in males was observed in contrast to the female participants. Conclusion: The findings of the present study signify the importance of organization care to the mental health of the employees particularly those directly involved with patients and female personnel in general .}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {55-63}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1837-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1837-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Samuei, raheleh and Ebrahimi, amroiiah and Mousavi, sayad ghafour and Hasanzadeh, akbar and Rafiei, saee}, title = {Pattern of Stress Management in Clients Attending Addiction Department in Esfahan}, abstract ={  Objectives : The behavioral-cognitive framework offers methods for stress assessment and its relevant coping strategies. The present study was designed to investigate stress management pattern of substance abusers. The results may be used for effective cognitive-behavioral interventions for these patients. Method: One hundred substance abusers who sought treatment at addiction rehabilitation department were recruited in this study. A selective control group matched for demographic variables with the first group were also requested to take part in the study. Revised Carver Coping Strategy Scale and semistructured interview were carried out for assessment. Results: the results showed that patients in studied group represented a significantly different patterns of stress management in contrast to the control group, Coping strategies of the patients were almost ineffective in dealing with stress (i.e. negative thoughts, wishful thinking, magical thinking, and emotionally focused e.g., denial, disengagement, etc.). Conclusion: substance abusers may have unhealthy coping mechanisms in dealing with stress. It seems that lack of effective strategies in dealing with stress strengthens the addictive behavior. The addiction in turn brings psycho-social problems for these patients .}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {63-70}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1840-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1840-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Veissi, mokhrar and Atefvahid, mohamad kazem and Rezaee, mansour}, title = {Job Stress, Job Satisfaction and Mental Health: The Balancing Effects of Personal Hardiness and Social Support Network Factors}, abstract ={Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the effects of job satisfaction and mental health on job stress and the balancing effects of hardiness and availability of social support network in a group of medical staff. Method: Two hundred of surgery room staff were studied by utilizing a low-high social support network index, Operating Room Stress Factor Index Questionnaire, Life Event Index, Job Description Index (JDI), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Personal View Survey (PV8) and Quality Relationship Inventory (QRI). Results: The findings revealed significant negative correlation between job stress and job satisfaction and GHQ's scores. A positive and significant correlation was found between job satisfaction and GHQ's scores. The results also suggested that higher level of Job satisfaction and mental health may reduce job stress in the staff who have higher levels of hardiness. Furthermore, the staff with higher social support network seemed to have higher job satisfaction, but they did not show better mental health compared with those with lower social support network. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that social support network together with personal hardiness had a significant impact on perceived job stress, while the male staff showed higher level of hardiness when compared with the female staff.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {70-79}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1841-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1841-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {AfkhamEbrahimi,, azizeh and Salehi, mansuor}, title = {Convergent Validity of Clinical and Structural Interview Findings and MCMI-II Profiles in Diagnosis of Personality Disorder}, abstract ={Objectives: Personality inventories and clinical interview are commonly used for diagnosis of personality disorders. The present study was designed to investigate the relationships between findings of clinical and structural interviews on one hand and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, 2nd edition (MCMI-II) findings on the other. Method: One hundred and forty clients out-patient clinic of Shahid Esmaeili Psychiatric Center were assessed by using clinical interview, structural interview and MCMI-II. The data were analyzed for finding convergent validity between the measures. Results: The results revealed mild satisfactory relationship between interview's findings and MCMI-II profiles. Conclusion: The possibilities relevant to the findings are discussed. It seems that heterogeneity of the symptoms in formation of the axis II of diagnosis of personality disorder (according to DSM-IV criteria) and complications relevant to the structure of MCMI-II particularly, conceptualization congruous to the questions presented in the instrument are involved.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {79-87}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1842-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1842-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Mosavi, ashrafalsadat}, title = {Effect of Family Functioning on Mental Health of Family Members}, abstract ={ Objectives: This study attempted to search out effects of family functioning on mental health of family members. Method: The study was carried out with 45 Afghan and Iranian immigrant families (father, mother and an adolescent between 15-20 years old) who had been Jiving in England. Data obtained from Standardized Clinical Family Interview (SCFI), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) , Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales-III (FACE III) and Family Environment Scale (FES). Findings: No significant difference was found on sum of family functioning rating between "Healthy" and "Distressed' families."Depressed" families showed less cohesion, adaptability and communication. In "Depressed' families, one of the parents exercised more authority over her/his family and parent - child coalitions were more common. Parents in "Depressed" families, were less consistent in child rearing. They were less satisfied with marital and parent/adolescent relationships than 'Healthy" and "Distressed' families.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {87-100}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1844-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1844-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} }