@article{ author = {Mousavi, fatemeh and Shahmohammadi, davood and Kaffashi, ahm}, title = {Epidemiological Survey of Suicide in Rural Areas}, abstract ={Objective: The prevalence rate of suicide among rural population in Karaj and Savojbolagh district for a period of 5 years (1991-95) have been studied. Method: The data collected through the questionnaires, filled by health workers settled in 44 Health Houses in Savojbolagh, and 21 Health Houses in Karaj city. The population of these two districts were nearly 76804, and 26577 individuals respectively. Findings: The results obtained from this study indicate that over the five years period, 14 out of 7530 recorded death in Savojbolagh, and 3 out of 495 in Karaj, were reported as suicide. It is investigated that the rate of suicide outbreak among 100000 population in Karaj is 11.3%, and in Savojbolagh is 18.2%. The average age of suicidal individuals obtained from data is 31.5 years old. Seven individuals (41.2%) were male and 8 of them (58.8%) were female. Most of the cases had average socio-economical status, and they were either illiterate or had poor educational background. The attempts mainly caused by family crisis, 8 cases (47.1 %) had mental disorders in personal history, women mainly had self burning. and men had hung themselves. A great number of the attempts occured in summer and in the morning hours.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {4-11}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1783-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1783-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Akkasheh, godarz}, title = {Assessing the Mental Health of University Students In Kashan Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of mental health among the students in Kashan Medical University, and its relationship with their demographic characteristics. Method: In this study 253 students (185 female, 68 male) were selected as subjects and responded to the 28 items General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Those students who obtained a higher score from the cutoff point (22 for men, and 21 for women), were chosen for clinical interview. Findings: The results indicated that 28.4% of the students suffered from one of the four following disorders: major depression (8.7%), adjustment disorder, (6.7%), dysthymia (5.9%), generalized anxiety disorder (4.7%), and double depression (2.4%). The rate of disorders in non-local students was more than local students. Also the rate of disorder was higher in those with lower interest in study subject compared with those with higher interest in their study discipline. Among the single individuals was 29.5%, and in married ones was 12.4%. Moreover 52.6% of students with disorder, had a background of psychiatric disorder.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {11-17}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1784-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1784-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Daeipoor, parvi}, title = {Coping Strategies Among Adolescents In Tehran}, abstract ={Objectives: In this study the coping strategies among adolescents in Tehran is investigated. Method: 1058 middle and high school male and female students were selected randomly and assessed by 80-items Adolescent Coping Scale (ACS). The Scale evaluates 18 coping strategies, and three coping styles. Mean and t-value for all groups were calculated. Findings: The findings indicate that the effective ways of coping decrease as age grows. Girls in comparison with boys are showing more wishful thinking, anxiety, tension reduction, not coping, self blame, self control and seeking spiritual support. Whereas boys use more social action strategies, reject spiritual support, ignore problems, focus on positive points, seek professional help, and desire physical recreation.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {17-27}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1785-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1785-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Tavakkoli, mohamad ali and Baghooli, hosayn and GhamatBoland, hamid reza and Bolhari, jafar and Birashk, behroz}, title = {Standardizing Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale Among Iranian Population}, abstract ={Objective: Standardizing the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale among Iranian population from birth through 18 years and 11 months of age. Method: The Scale is consisted of four domains: Communication, daily life skills, socialization and motor skills. To validate this Scale on Iranian population, 1650 normal subjects composed of 15 age groups in urban and rural areas in Fars, Khorasan, Zanjan, Kohkilouyehboyr'ahmad, and Tehran provinces were selected, Also 130 mental retarded subjects were chosen to be assessed by this Scale. To determine the reliability of the Scale, it was performed on 140 parents of the subjects with retest method. Findings: The findings indicate that the items of this Scale is valid and reliable on Iranian population. Also the table of standardized scores were calculated with 2, 3, and 4 months intervals, adaptive levels in the fields, compound adaptive behavior, the level of maladaptive behavior, percentile ranks, normalized scores, age equivalents in the fields and subfields, and the compound parts of adaptive behavior. Result: This Scale is valid to assess adaptive behavior on Iranian population and has the ability to differentiate between mentally retarded individuals and normal groups. Hence, the differential validity of the Scale may be considered as yet another measure for the structure reliability.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {27-37}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1786-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1786-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {.Gharaii, banafsheh and Mehryar, amie and Mehrabi, fereydo}, title = {Attribution Style in Patients with Anxiety and Depression Comorbidity}, abstract ={  Objective : The present study is investigating the attribution style in patients with the anxiety and depression comorbidity. Method: Subjects are 26 patients with major depression, 25 patients with generalized anxiety disorder, 17 patients with comorbidity of anxiety and depression, and 30 normal individuals. The aparatus used in the study for data collecting were Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and Attribution Style Questionnaire. Findings: This result indicated that the patient group with the anxiety and depression are different in attribution style than compared with the other groups, and be distinguished considered as having their specific style of attribution. In other words, general attribution style for failures unsuccesses and specific attribution style for success is their distinguished feature from the generalized anxiety disorder group, and flexible attribution style, for success is their distinguished feature from the group with major depression. The main feature of this group is their specific attribution style .}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {37-43}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1787-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1787-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Abbasi, ensiyeh and Ghasemzadeh, habib allh and Ashayeri, has}, title = {Assessing the Relationship Between Verbal and Mathematical Skills}, abstract ={Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate verbal and mathematical skills among young children. Method: The population of this study is composed of 5 and 6 years old children from nursary schools of the welfare organization in east of Tehran. An 10 test on 218 children, was administrated and 120 individuals were selected as the subjects for the present study. The 10 of these subjects were 90-110. The research apparatus used in this research were Mathematical Scale and Verbal Classification Test. The data were analyzed statistically. Findings: The findings of this research indicate that there is a significant and direct correlation between verbal and mathematical skills among the subjects. The other findings of this study show no significant difference between the mean scores of the verbal and mathematical skills obtained by girls and boys. Besides there is a significant difference between the mean scores obtained by 5 and 6 years old children in verbal skills}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {43-51}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1788-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1788-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Raeeisi, puoran and Kebriaii, ali}, title = {Job Satisfaction Among the Primary Health Workers\' in the Health Centers}, abstract ={Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate job satisfaction and general welfare among the primary health workers (Behvarzes) in the primary health centers in Kashan. The following seven items were assessed: Physical, social, and psychological, environmental, organizational, educational, and administration structure and job facilities. Method: Subjects consist of 22 male and 43 female primary health workers in Kashan health centers who completed the research questionnaire by themselves. Findings: The findings indicated that 41,6% of these health workers were not satisfied with their jobs, 50.5% were satisfied, and 8.9% were nutural. Most of the health workers were satisfied with their social, psychological and educational aspects of their jobs, but unsatisfied with their physical environment, organizational structure, management, and job facilities. Women were more satisfied with their jobs than men, and singles were more content than married ones. Age had direct correlation with their job.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {51-62}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1789-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1789-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Ahmadi, ali asghar}, title = {Conduct Disorder and its Clinical Characteristics}, abstract ={Conduct disorder is a general psychiatric classification encompassing a variety of behavior patterns in which the individual repetitively and persistently violates the rights, privilages and privacy of others, for these children and adolescents, the authority figures like parents and teachers are assumed as intervening and punishing individuals, Some of these patients are diagnosed as having attention deficit or hyperactivity. Conduct disorder may be concomitant with one or several other disorders such as mood disorders, substance abuse, learning and emotional disorders. The probability of conduct disorder in children with biological or non biological parents having antisocial personality, and or have siblings with behavioral and communication disorders, is more than normal people. Also for children with alcoholic, mood disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychosis and conduct disorder parents, the probability of having the symptoms is higher than children with normal parents.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {62-70}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1790-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1790-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {mohamadi, masuo}, title = {Translate}, abstract ={(American Journal of Psychiatry) 1997,154,No.6 }, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {70-0}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1791-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1791-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {MosaviNasab, sayd masuod mosavi and Tobaie, sholeh}, title = {Premenstrual syndrome in working women in Shiraz}, abstract ={  Purpose: in order to evaluate the frequency of clinical syndromes and the way of nurses, medical students and teachers in Shiraz was studied.   Method : subjects completed PMS forms for one hundred days continuously. In order to avoid misdiagnosis, these syndromes should be seen at least in two consecutive menstrual periods. Of 180 subjects who were given these questionnaire, only 72 subjects returned completed questionnaire. Results: the results showed that 9.7% of subjects had premenstrual syndrome. Age and marital status were not found to be related to this syndrome. The most prevalent psychological symptoms were moodiness, irritability, sadness, sleep disturbance, and the most prevalent somatic symptoms were headaches, back pain, acne, and frequent urination.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {4-10}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1761-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1761-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {AhmadiAbhari, sayad ali and .Mohtasham, sae}, title = {Clinical trial of H2 blocker: augmentation treatment of Schizophrenia}, abstract ={  Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of famotidine, a H2 blocker, in the improving schizophrenic patients’ symptoms.   Method: 28 chronic schizophrenic patients were randomly assigned to two groups, with each group consisting of 14 patients. One group received 20 mg of haloperidol per day and the other group was on 40 mg famotidine and 20 mg of haloperidol per day. The effectiveness was assessed by the positive and negative symptoms scale which was administered at the beginning of the treatment, 28 days and again 42 days following the beginning of the experiment. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney Test.   Findings: the findings indicated that famotidine group showed a reduction in all of the symptoms of schizophrenia than the control group. There was a difference between the two group in terms of the negative symptoms. However, this difference was not statistically significant.   Conclusion : probably low permeability of famotidine in the central nervous system and the chronicity of patients’ symptoms were responsible for the ineffectiveness of this drug.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {10-18}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1762-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1762-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Tofani, hamid and Behdani, fatemeh}, title = {Report of one case of agranulocytosis after clozapine treatment}, abstract ={  Introduction : clozapine is the first effective antipsychotic drug with the least extra pyramidal side effects and more agranulocytosis than other standard neuroleptics. Granolocytopenia or agranulocytosis occurs in 1 to 2 percent of all patients treated with clozapine. agranulocytosis due to clozapine is a fatal disorder that requires immediate clinical intervention.   Method : this paper reports agranulocytosis after clozapine treatment in a 52 years old women with chronic schizophrenia. Conclusion: since agranulocytosis after clozapine treatment is rare and its side effects in psychotic patients are very few, it seems that clozapine with regular blood cell count is an effective drug in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia, patients with tradive dyskinesia and those experiencing severe extra pyramidal side effects.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {18-22}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1763-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1763-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {AfkhamEbrahimi, azizeh and Daneshamooz, badri}, title = {The comorbidity of depression and personality disorders}, abstract ={  Introduction : comorbidity is a new term in psychiatric nosology which despite its expansive use is not clearly defined. Overlapping of axis I and Axis II disorders in multiaxial system of DSM and controversy over which disorders belong to which axis, have also complicated the issue. A number of studies investigating patterns of comorbidity for axis I and axis II disorders could not find a one to one relationship between axis I and axis II disorders. But specific personality disorders were found to co-occur in certain chronic conditions, particularly in dysthymia.   Purpose : the aim of this study is to investigate the comorbidity of depression and personality disorders. Method: 60 inpatient and outpatient clients who received a diagnosis of major depression or dysthymia were recruited from two psychiatric centers. The structured clinical interview for DSM and MCMI-II were used to assess the axis I and axis II disorders. Results: the results showed a comorbidity of depression and passive aggressive, schizoid, avoidant, antisocial and dependent personality disorders. This finding is similar to those reported in most studies. Since personality disorders might interfere with the treatment of clinical syndromes, the implications for treatment of dually diagnosed clients were discussed.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {22-30}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1764-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1764-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Naziri, ghasem and Birashk, behroz and Mohamadian, mehr}, title = {Perfectionistic child-rearing style and parents’ perfectionistic traits: predisposing factor for obsessive-compulsive disorder}, abstract ={  Purpose : the purpose of the present study was to investigate the assumptions that: 1) parents of obsessive compulsive patients rear their children in a perfectionistic manner and 2) these parents had perfectionistic traits. Method: in this retrospective study, based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and psychiatric interview, three groups of obsessive compulsive patients, depressed patients and normal individual, each consisting of 20 subjects, were studied. The latter two groups were control groups. All of the subjects reported their parents’ characteristics and child-rearing style by a questionnaire specifically developed for this purpose. The validity and reliability of this questionnaire were confirmed in a pilot study.   Results : the results supported the finding of other studies which had confirmed the assumption. In this study, the depressed patients also reported that their parents’ child-rearing style were perfectionistic too.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {30-37}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1765-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1765-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Dadashzadeh, hasan and .Bolhari, jafar and Bayanzadeh, sayad akbar and Arfaie, afsar}, title = {The effects of social skills training, drug therapy and their combination in females with major depressive disorder}, abstract ={  Purpose : the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of social skills training, drug therapy and their combination in the treatment of females with major depressive disorder.   Method : 21 females with major depression were randomly selected and were then randomly assigned to three (drug therapy, social skills training and combination therapy). In order to control the variables such as age, education, duration of disorder, intensity of depression and degree of adaptation, the groups were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA), which showed that there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of variables mentioned above. Initially all of the subjects were administered the Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and Social Adaptive scale, then the treatment started. Intervention lasted for 2.5 to 3 months (12-15 sessions). At the end of treatment subjects were re-assessed by the same instruments. Results: the results showed that social skills training significantly increased adaptive functioning (P<0.01). combination therapy showed the best result. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of depressive symptoms.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {37-47}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1766-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1766-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Saeedalzakerin, mansoreh and Shafyee, furuogh and Heidarnia, ali reza and Kazemnejad, anoshirav}, title = {Parents’ coping strategy: drug therapy and educational techniques in the treatment of children’s enuresis}, abstract ={  Purpose : the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of change in parents’ coping strategy in the treatment of enuresis in their children. Method: this experimental study was carried out in schools in the two districts of Tehran in 1999. Subjects were selected based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and were then randomly assigned to 3 groups (experimental, drug therapy and combined group). Initial information were gathered by the “health Belifes Pattern”, and behavior dimensions were evaluated in general and specific dimensions. Results: parents’ behaviors with children were significantly different in the three groups, with mean scores of 4.37 in the combined group, 2.83 in the educational group and 3.38 in the drug therapy group. Also there were significant differences between combined group and educational group in parents’ behaviors with their children at their bedtime, but no such difference was seen in the drug therapy group. Parents’ behavior after children’s bed wetting showed significant improvement only in drug therapy group. Conclusion: this study showed that combination of drug therapy and behavior therapy was more effective in the treatment of children’s enuresis.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {47-53}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1767-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1767-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Bakhshani, nor mohamad and Bolhari, jafar and .Bayanzadeh, sayad akbar}, title = {Community mental health promotion: a brief review}, abstract ={  The concept of health promotion, first appeared in 1975, introduced a new perspective for health activities. As a consequences, the World Health Organization (WHO) suggested that attention to health promotion needs should take precedence over treatment and prevention. This concept gradually developed into mental health field and now community mental health is the core policy and orientation of many practitioners and programme developers. Although some of the practitioners believe that the focus of health promotion programme are on normal people rather than the sick or high risk individuals, today it is believed that mental health and well-being of people with mental disorders and disabilities can be promoted through these programmes.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {53-62}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1768-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1768-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Ehsanmanesh, mojtaba and .Karimikeisami, es}, title = {A review of the history and several studies regarding substance abuse in Iran}, abstract ={  This article reviewed the addictive substance programmes in Iran and around the world. For this aim method, some of studies regarding epidemiology of substance abuse in Iran and demographic characteristics of Iranian substance abusers were reviewed. These studies revealed that although the rate of substance abuse in Iran were increased but during different years it had fluctuated. Also some unpublished studies in Research Unit of Tehran |psychiatric Institute in epidemiology of substance abuse in 1978 were presented. This article showed in spite of government wide efforts in two recent decades for decreasing substance abuse and drug illicit, founding of substance by police has been increased from 5.4 tone opium, hashish and heroin in 1974 to 194.7 tone in 1997. The most frequent substance abusers were in people with age range of 20-35, which in two recent decades had not changed. 60% to 70% of substance abusers were illiterate or had the least reading ability. It seems that in recent years prevalence of substance abuse were increased in marrieds. Although studies in rehabilitation centers showed that the prevalence of substance abuse in males were 10 times higher than females but the studies in epidemiology of substance abuse in Iran showed that the prevalence of substance abuse in male was a little higher than female.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {62-100}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1769-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1769-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2000} } @article{ author = {Kalafi, uones and Ostovar, afshin and .Haghshenas, afshi}, title = {Mental Health Status of Afghan Emigrants Living in Shiraz}, abstract ={Emigration and cultural differences in host countries is the cause of the mental disorders increase in emigrants. The purpose of the present study was to assess the mental health status of Afghan emigrants living in Shiraz. In this study 81 Afghan emigrants were selected randomly and were assessed by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-2B). Data were analyzed using Hest, X2, Pearson correlation coefficient, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that the prevalence of mental disorders in this group was 34.6%. There was a significant relationship between age and mental disorder but no significant correlations were observed between the level of education, marital status and mental disorders. The length of time residing in Iran was related to a decrease in the level of anxiety. In this study the prevalence of mental disorders in Afghan emigrants was higher than the rates reported by different studies for the native populations in various parts of the country.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {4-11}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1771-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1771-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Nasr, mehdi and NouriGhasemabadi, robabeh and Karimi,Kaisami, es}, title = {Disability and Medical leave Due to Psychiatric Disorders in Tehran Social Security Organization Clients}, abstract ={The purpose of this study was to investigate disability and medical leave due to psychiatric disorders in patients referred to comission for psychiatric and neurological consultation of 682 patients who had been referred to the comission during 1993-94. Results showed that psychiatric disorders and mood disorders led to occupational disability and medical leave at a significantly higher rate than neurological disorders. 56.9% of disabilities and 83.5% of medical leave were due to psychiatric disorders. 43.1 % of disabled and 16.5% of medical leave were due to neurological disorders. 32.3% of disabled patients were unskilled worker and 28.3% of those on medical leave were skilled workers. The average age of disability was 46 which lost 14 years service (1974 years). The mean age and years of service in the group on medical leave were significantly less than the disabled group but the extent of their leave was equal to the disabled group (5.2 months versus 5.5 respectively). This difference was not statistically significant, especially considering that the number of clients on medical leave were 4 times more than disabled clients. If the lost days of service is divided to the number of clients in each group, on the average, those on medical leave and those on disability had lost 64.3 and 23.3 work days respectively.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-24}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1772-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1772-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Ghaffarinejad, ali reza and Khobyari, fariba and Pouya, fatemeh}, title = {Prevalence of Postpartum Depression in Kerman}, abstract ={Postpartum depression is a prevalent disorder and is the cause of considerable pathology in patient's daily life. In this cross-sectional study, 400 postpartum women in Kerman who had given birth within 2 weeks to 2 months before the study were selected randomly and were given the Beck Depression Inventory (801) and a questionnaire regarding pregnancy and its consequences. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and t-test, The results showed that 31.1 % of women had a BDI score of 16 or higher, indicating the presence of depression. Also there was a higher prevalence of depression in primiparous women and those who had experienced previous abortion, child death or unwanted pregnancy. The importance of child's sex for mothers and the higher number of children were related to higher prevalence of depression. Early recognition of postpartum depression may decrease further complications.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {24-30}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1773-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1773-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Psychiatrist, hami}, title = {Relationship between Birth Order and Season of Birth and Substance Dependency}, abstract ={Research findings have shown that birth order and season of birth are related to some of the mental disorders such as schizophrenia, mood disorders. autism, attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and substance abuse, and these disorders are related to dopamine level. A retrospective study was designed to investigate 130 substance abusers (119 males and 11 females) which were treated during 1997 by the author. They administered a questionnaire inquiring about subjects' demographic characteristics, birth order and family history of substance abuse. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results showed that the frequencies of substance abuse in first born children were 33 (27%) and in the last children were 22 (19.5%), which are 1.7 times higher than expected rate and 1.9 times higher than the rates for middle children. Thus, the first borns, especially the first born sons, are at higher risk for substance abuse than other children. In terms of the season of birth, 58% of all of the subjects were born in the cold months of the year. Thus it seems that, like schizophrenia, substance abuse is related to the season of birth and 02 receptors. Also the risk of addiction for subjects born in December, January and February that production of melatonin is at the highest rate in this period, 1.5 times more than June, July and August}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {30-37}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1774-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1774-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Bahrami, hadi}, title = {Mental Disorders in Male Prisoners as Compared to Normal Population}, abstract ={In order to determine the rate of mental disorders in male prisoners, 120 men ages 18 to 28 incarcerated in Ghasr Prison of Tehran for theft, assult, addiction, murder, unlawful sexual acts or embezzlement were selected randomly. 120 men in the same age range who were matched with the first group in terms of socio-economic characteristics were selected from normal population as a comparison group. None of the men in the latter group had any criminal records. Data were collected through SCL-90-R and Personal Characteristics Questionnaire and were analyzed using t-test. Results showed that the rate and the severity of mental disorders in all studied 9 categories of disorders, that is phobia, anxiety, somatization, psychotism, depression, paranoid thoughts, aggression, interpersonal sensitivity and obsession-compulsion were significantly higher among the prisoners than the normal group. The level of severity was higher in paranoid thoughts, obsessive compulsive disorder, and interpersonal sensitivity than in other disorders.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {37-45}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1775-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1775-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Raessi, puoran and Monajjemi, farshi}, title = {Job Stressores for Medical Records Personnel in Teaching Hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={The purpose of the present study was to assess job stress in medical records personnel. 117 females and 78 males were assessed by Osipow et al.'s Job Roles Inventory. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. The findings indicated that the physical environment was the main source of stress for the staff of the four different units of the medical records department, (i.e. Admissions, Medical Records Archive, Statistics and Coding). The findings also revealed that there is a significant relationship between the intensity of job stress and sex, marital status and the level of education. Job stress was higher in females, single individuals and subjects with B. A. degree than in males, married individuals and those with lower education. The specific sources of stress for the medical records personell were as follows: Admission: 1-inability to respond to the needs of all the patients, 2~limited space of Admission Unit, and 3-late arrival of physicians Medical Records: 1-01d techniques in the filing system, and 2-delay in returning files to the Medical Records Archive Statistics: t-errors in reports from various sections, 2-delay in submission of reports by different units, and 3-managers' neglect of these information Coding: 1 -physician's illegible handwriting, 2-missing physician's final diagnosis, and 3-not using common coding system.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {45-55}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1776-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1776-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Alipoor, ahmad and Noorbala, ahmad ali}, title = {A Preliminary Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in Students in the Universities of Tehran}, abstract ={The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. For this aim 101 students of Allameh Tabatabai and Shahed Universities(39 male, 62 female) with a mean age of 22.5 (with an age range of 19 to 39) were studied. The study of the internal stability of the questionnaire showed that all the 29 items have high correlation with total scores, the Cronbach's alpha was 93% and split-half reliability was 92%. The assessed reliability by test-retest after 3 weeks was 79% (n=25). In order to evaluate the face validity of the questionnaire, ten experts approved the power of evaluation of happiness by this test. The factor analysis, revealed 5 factors which could explain 57.1 % of the total variance. This finding differs from the findings reported by the author of the questionnaire. Based on the findings of this research, it seems that this questionnaire is quite appropriate for measuring the degree of happiness of university students in Tehran.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {55-66}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1777-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1777-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Layeghi, hoshang and Birashk, ehroz and .EbrahimiDaryani, naser}, title = {Psychosocial Factors in Patients with Duodenal Ulcer}, abstract ={In this cross-sectional study, psychosocial factors were assessed in patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) (n=20) and healthy subjects (n=20) matched for sex, age, and education. These factors were assessed during the active phase of DU and again 3 months following the completion of medical treatment. The psychosocial factors included psychological distress symptoms, stressful life events, coping skills, and quality of social relationships. Data were gathered through SCL-90-R, Life Event Checklist, Coping Skills Inventory and Quality of Relationship Inventory (ORI). Results indicated that there were significant relationships between DU disease in acute phase and end of therapy and psychosocial distress symptoms. The severity of symptoms was higher among females than males and that the female patients showed more reduction in the severity of their symptoms than male patients. The patients had experienced significantly more acute and chronic stressful life events than the subjects in the control group and that they suffered more stress and frustration. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of their coping skills and strategies in dealing with problems. It was found that following the completion of their treatment, the patients received less support from their parents, had more conflict with their support group,  specially with their spouses, and their relationships with their parents became more superficial.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {66-79}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1778-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1778-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Jaberi, parivash and Mehrabi, fereydon and Mehryar, hoshang}, title = {Psychosocial Factors in Patients with Duodenal Ulcer}, abstract ={In this cross-sectional study, psychosocial factors were assessed in patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) (n=20) and healthy subjects (n=20) matched for sex, age, and education. These factors were assessed during the active phase of DU and again 3 months following the completion of medical treatment. The psychosocial factors included psychological distress symptoms, stressful life events, coping skills, and quality of social relationships. Data were gathered through SCL-90-R, Life Event Checklist, Coping Skills Inventory and Quality of Relationship Inventory (ORI). Results indicated that there were significant relationships between DU disease in acute phase and end of therapy and psychosocial distress symptoms. The severity of symptoms was higher among females than males and that the female patients showed more reduction in the severity of their symptoms than male patients. The patients had experienced significantly more acute and chronic stressful life events than the subjects in the control group and that they suffered more stress and frustration. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of their coping skills and strategies in dealing with problems. It was found that following the completion of their treatment, the patients received less support from their parents, had more conflict with their support group,  specially with their spouses, and their relationships with their parents became more superficial.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {79-92}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1779-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1779-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Gharraee, banafsheh and AfkhamEbrahimi, azizeh}, title = {The Codetypes of MCMI-II in Patients with Axis I Disorders}, abstract ={This study investigated the codetypes of MCMI-II in a group of patients in psychiatric centers. 85 inpatient and outpatient subjects of Shahid Nawab Safavi and Shahid Esmaili Psychiatric Hospitals with the ultimate diagnosis of schizophrenia, mood disorders and substance related disorders were administered the MCMI-II Farsi version Questionnaire. The results suggested that for each of these disorders, a specific codetype can be identified. In other words, this questionnaire can be used as an assisting diagnostic instrument for axis I disorders in addition to personality disorders.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {92-100}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1780-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Palahang, hasan and Azimi, khatereh and Zarean, jahandar}, title = {Epidemiology of Mental Disorders in Factory Workers in Shahr-e-Kord and Brojen}, abstract ={The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence rate of mental disorders in factory workers in Shahr-e-Kord and Brojen. Following a pilot study and determination of cut-off point for the SRQ-24 Questionnaire, the study was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, 503 subjects were administered the questionnaire and in the second stage, 148 subjects who had scores equal to or higher than the cut-off point were assessed by a clinical interview checklist based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Results showed that the prevalence of mental disorders was 19.9% (females 23.4% and males 19.1 %). The most prevalent disorders were anxiety disorders (7.7%) and mood disorders (7%) followed by somatoform disorders (2.4%) and adjustment disorders (1.4%). The findings also indicated that the prevalence of mental disorders among technical workers, semi-skilled workers and unskilled workers were 22.6%, 20.4%, and 18.6%, respectively. There were also significant relationships between level of education, marital status and mental disorders. In this study, the prevalence of comorbid mental disorders was 26%.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {100-109}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1781-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1781-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Bolhari, jafar and Ehssanmanesh, mojtaba and KarimiKeisami, es}, title = {The Attitude of Single Medical Students of Iran University of Medical Sciences Toward}, abstract ={The attitude of the 521 single medical students of Iran University of Medical Sciences toward marriage was studied. Subject from different educational levels were selected through cluster and simple random sampling methods. The instrument used in this study was an attitude questionnaire which its reliability had been established through test-retest procedure and its face validity had also been confirmed. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test and Scheffe test. Results showed that students' attitude was generally positive, and with regard to variables such as age, socio-economic status, place of living, educational levels there was significant difference. Results also indicated that students in the age range of 26-30, low income group, non-resident students and those who had made the decision to get married have a more positive attitude than the other groups. The findings also showed that economic, social and family support and resolution of problematic obstacles have significant main roles in young adults inclination to get married.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {109-120}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1782-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1782-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} }