@article{ 
author = {AsmariBardezard, Yousef and Khanjani, Sajad and MousaviAsl, Esmaeil and Dolatshahi, Behrooz},  
title = {Effect of Emotion-focused Therapy on Anxiety, Depression and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation in Women With Binge Eating Disorder}, 
abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) on depression, anxiety, and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation (DER) in women with Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test/post-test/follow-up design using a control group. Study population consists of all women referred to the obesity clinics in Tehran in 2019. Of these, 40 were selected using a purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=20) and control (n=20). The intervention group received 10 sessions of EFT, each session for 90 minutes. Data collection tools were the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Binge Eating Scale (BES), which were completed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measure ANIVA in SPSS v. 21 software. Results: Group EFT significantly reduced the mean anxiety, depression, DER and severity of binge eating after intervention and over the 2-month follow-up period in BED women (P<0.05). Conclusion: The EFT can reduce anxiety, depression, DER and binge eating severity in BED women, and its effect remains constant after two months. It can be useful in the treatment of BED.},  
Keywords = {Anxiety, Depression, Binge eating disorder, Emotion-focused therapy, Emotion regulation},
volume = {27},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {2-15}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3246.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3119-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3119-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Yaghoubi, Soheila and Birashk, Behrooz and Aghebati, Asma and Ashouri, Ahm},  
title = {Mediating Role of External Shame and Self-compassion in the Relationship Between Peer Victimization and Depression in Adolescents}, 
abstract ={Objectives: The present study aims to examine the mediating role of external shame and self-compassion in the relationship between peer victimization and depression in adolescents.  Methods: This is a descriptive-correlational study. Participants were 300 middle-school students of Shahin Shahr city in Isfahan, Iran (150 girls and 150 boys), who were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data collection tools were Multidimensional Peer-Victimization Scale, the Other As Shamer Scale, Self-Compassionate Scale-Short Form, and Mood & Feeling Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS v. 19 and AMOS v. 20 applications. Results: There were significant relationship among peer victimization, external shame, self-compassion, and depression (P<0.01). The measurement model had a good fitness (Root mean square error of approximation=0.037, normed fit index=0.997, comparative fit index=0.999). Path Analysis results reported that peer victimization had indirect effect on depression through mediation by external shame and self-compassion. Conclusion: External shame and self-compassion can mediate the relationship between peer victimization and depression in adolescents. Considering them in designing effective preventive and therapeutic interventions can be helpful for adolescents to cope with peer victimization and depression.},  
Keywords = {Adolescents, Victimization, Shame, Compassion, Depression},
volume = {27},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {16-31}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3288.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3150-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3150-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Khanjani, Mohammad Saeed and Mosavat, Shadan and Bbahmani, Bahman and Bakhshi, Enayatollah},  
title = {Comparison of the Childhood Trauma, Mindfulness Attention Awareness and Integrative Self Knowledge in Cancer Patients and General Population}, 
abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to compare childhood trauma, integrative self-knowledge and mindfulness in patients with cancer and healthy people. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 139 patients with cancer and 139 healthy people referred to Firoozgar Hospital and SAMAR Charity House who were selected by a convenience sampling method. They were asked to complete Integrative Self-Knowledge (ISK) Questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic methods including MANOVA. Results: There was a significant difference between patients and controls in terms of ISK (P<0.001), mindfulness (P<0.001) and childhood trauma (P<0.001). Conclusion: Cancer patients have lower ISK and mindfulness but higher childhood trauma compared to healthy people. Attention should be paid to the role of these factors in prevention and treatment processes.},  
Keywords = {Integrative self-knowledge, Mindfulness, Childhood trauma, Cancer},
volume = {27},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {32-47}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3187.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3083-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3083-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {SaberiZafarghandi, Mohammad Bagher and Eshrati, Sahar and Arezoomandan, Reza and Farnia, Marziyeh and Mohammadi, Hosein and Vahed, Neda and Javaheri, Arash and Amini, Mehdi and Heidari, Samaneh},  
title = {Review, Documentation, Assessment of Treatment, and Harm Reduction Programs of Substance Use Disorder in Iranian Prisons}, 
abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to assess the implementation of drug-related harm reduction programs in Iranian prisons and suggest solutions for their improvement. Methods: This study was conducted in three steps. First, library method was used for collecting data from the central library of Iran’s Prisons, Security and Corrective Measures Organization. In the second step, performance indicators were extracted based on the results of first step and two researcher-made checklists were designed. Finally, a field visit and a semi-structured interview with the authorities involved in the treatment and harm reduction services were carried out. Results: In most of prisons, drug-related harm reduction programs were underway. Despite a lack of human resources and budget at the beginning, the quality of measures was gradually increased and the attitude of authorities was improved. Methadone Maintenance Treatment and Triangular Clinics were the most common harm reduction programs, in addition to HIV and tuberculosis screening programs in collaboration with medical sciences universities. The program continued despite the change of officials. Conclusion: Harm reduction programs are able to reduce infection diseases, self-harm and violent behaviors in prisons of Iran. Cultural programs along with other harm reduction programs, briefings and seeking support from the authorities can greatly help with continuation of the programs in prisons. By eliminating the shortage of manpower and redefining the security areas for ordinary prisoners, it will be possible to make better use of the facilities of universities and research centers.},  
Keywords = {Harm reduction, Addiction, Prison, Illegal drugs},
volume = {27},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {48-63}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3324.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3167-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3167-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {SabziKhoshnami, Mohammad and Sheybani, Fahime and Mohammadi, Elham and Arshi, Maliheh and Ostadhashemi, Leila and Khalvati, Maliheh},  
title = {From Leaving Home to Losing Identity: A Qualitative Study on Rough Sleeping in Drug Addicts in Iran}, 
abstract ={Objectives: The phenomenon of rough sleeping in big cities of Iran, particularly in Tehran is a serious social problem. The term rough sleeping is mostly used for those who sleep on the public spaces including pavements, parks or under bridges. It is assumed that rough sleeping and drug addiction are linked to each other. This study aims to evaluate the process of rough sleeping based on the experiences of homeless drug addicted in Iran. Methods: This is a qualitative research. Participants were 20 homeless addicts (9 males and 11 females, mean age= 36.2 years) in Tehran city who were recruited using a purposive sampling method, and sampling continued until data saturation. The data were collected through a semi-structured in-depth interview and observations. Data analysis was performed based on the grounded theory recommended by Strauss and Corbin (1998). Results: The rough sleeping process had two steps: (a) Leaving home voluntarily (to protect family or escape from family problems) or involuntarily (Due to being expelled from home and losing the roof over the head), and (b) Being homelessness which had four main categories: Elusive life, informal and contravened subsistence, involving in exploitative relationships, and loss of individual/social identity. Conclusion: When leaving home and becoming rough sleeper, the individual becomes elusive, delinquent, damaged and socially rejected homeless, in addition to the risk of becoming a drug addict. Therefore, this group can be considered as a severely injured group involved in various social, legal and psychological issues. Given the complexity of the homelessness aspects in drug addicts, there is a need for coordinated interventions between individuals, families and the support systems at all levels.},  
Keywords = {Homeless, Grounded Theory, Social harm, Loss of identity, Leaving},
volume = {27},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {64-77}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3071.2},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3063-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3063-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Arzanlou, Mohammad and Armanikian, Alireza and Saed, Omid and Dobakhti, Faramarz and Motamed, Nima and Ahmadiafshar, Akefeh},  
title = {Accuracy of Niacin Skin Flush Test for Diagnosing Schizophrenia}, 
abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to investigate niacin sensitivity in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy people and examine the accuracy of niacin skin flush test in diagnosing schizophrenia. Methods: This diagnostic study was conducted in 2018 in Zanjan, Iran. Three niacin concentrations (0.001 M, 0.01 M, and 0.1 M) was first applied topically to the skin of 36 schizophrenia patients and 33 healthy controls. Flush responses were evaluated at 10 and 15 min after application. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of the test were measured for each niacin concentration and evaluation time.  Results: At 10 min, the highest test accuracy was reported when 0.001 M niacin solution was used (Sensitivity=94%, specificity=50%, PPV= 51%, and NPV= 94%). At 15 min, the highest test accuracy was observed at 0.01 concentration (Sensitivity=52%, specificity=92%, PPV=79%, and NPV=77%). Conclusion: Flush responses to niacin is more impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, niacin can be considered as a biological marker of schizophrenia and can be used for its diagnosis.},  
Keywords = {Schizophrenia, Niacin, Sensitivity, Specificity, Predictive Value},
volume = {27},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {78-91}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3144.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3044-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3044-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kalsoom, Ume and Hanifa, Bibi},  
title = {Depression, Anxiety, Psychosomatic Symptoms, and Perceived Social Support in Type D and Non-type D Individuals}, 
abstract ={Objectives: This study examines depression, anxiety, psychosomatic symptoms, and perceived social support among type D and non-type D individuals.  Methods: A total of 300 individuals aged 18 to 40 years were recruited in the investigation. We used the distress personality scale (DS 14), Pakistan anxiety and despondency scale, psychosomatic symptoms, and perceived social support scales to obtain the study data. The study participants were divided into Type D (n=166) and non-Type D individuals (n=134) based on their DS 14 cut-off scores. In this descriptive study, a random cluster sampling technique was utilized to choose the samples. The study was conducted from September to December 2017. Data analysis was performed utilizing independent samples t-test and regression analysis. Results: The recurrence of the Type D personality was 55%. Results indicated a considerable difference between Type D and non-Type D personality on depression, anxiety, and psychosomatic side effects (P < 0.001 for all side effects). The findings also suggest that Type D individuals perceived less social support from family, friends, and significant others. Conclusion: People with type D character qualities show more depression, anxiety, psychosomatic symptoms, and less perceived social support when compared with non-Type D people.},  
Keywords = {Depression, Anxiety, Psychosomatic symptoms, Perceived social support, Type D individuals},
volume = {27},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {92-103}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3479.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3285-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3285-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Malakouti, Seyed Kazem and KeshavarzAkhlaghi, Amirabbas and Shirzad, Fatemeh and Rashedi, Vahid and Khlafbeigi, Mitra and MoradiLakeh, Maziar and Hajebi, Ahm},  
title = {Urban Mental Health Initiative: Developing Interdisciplinary Collaboration, the Role of the Family Physician in Management of Severe Mentally Ill Patients}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Mental health in Iran was approved in 1988. However, and then this program was integrated into the primary care system in our country and was implemented within the villagers' family physician program with great success. In urban areas, there is no structured health network. However, regarding the demographic changes in the country's population, huge sprawling of cities, and the changes in urban-rural population proportion, demands for a coherent plan to provide mental health services to the urban population are felt more than ever. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and establishment of a model of urban mental health network for severe psychiatric patients. Methods: This plan is based on resource reviews, Use the experiences of other countries, Model World Health Organization, The services available in the country currently run by the beneficiary organizations, Description of the responsibilities of the responsible organizations, Collaboration between the Ministry of Health and various organizations responsible for mental health, Having the views of national expert and international constant in this field from other countries cooperated with the aim of examining how to compile a coherent and integrated urban health service plan. This model is estimated by community-based services for 100,000 people. Results: The proposed model for providing immediate psychiatric services with greater cohesion and increasing training and skills capacity among staff 110, 115, 1480, and 123 services, as well as a space for hospitalization of 3 to 5 emergency patients next to the public hospital, is recommended. Depending on the number of patients in a population of 100,000, we will need community-based services, including 2 to 3 home visit teams to cover 80 patients per team, and 3 daily centers to provide services to 40 patients. If community-based services are provided, we will need 12 acute psychiatric beds and 5 beds for mid-term rehabilitation to provide inpatient services. In terms of employment and accommodation, 50 patients will need supported employment, respectively, and two apartments with an area of about 60 meters will be needed to accommodate about eight people. The provision of the above services requires the equal participation of the interested organizations. The family physician will play an essential role in continuing medical care for severe and mild psychiatric patients under the constant supervision of specialists Discussion and Conclusion: To achieve a better model of mental health services in cities that can cover a wide range of people in urban areas and at various levels from prevention and care to treatment and rehabilitation, we need the coordination between the organizations providing these services for the accurate planning of the interests of each organization, elimination of duplicate services, and saving human capital and resources of the country.},  
Keywords = {Mental health, Community-based services, Urban mental health, Family physician},
volume = {27},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {104-119}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.2987.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3130-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3130-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mozafari, Ali‌ Ashraf and Adibi, Amir and Shafiei, Elham and Sahebi, Ali},  
title = {An 8-year-old Boy With Three Failed Suicide Attempts by Hanging: A Case Report}, 
abstract ={Objectives: Suicidal behavior in children under 10 years of age is a warning and a matter of concern. It can be an important indicator for evaluating the mental health of individuals in the community.  Case Report: This study reported an 8-year-old boy who had three failed suicide attempts by hanging. The psychiatric assessment revealed that he had major depressive disorder which had not been diagnosed. Conclusion: Evaluation of his behavior by using the Child Behavior Checklist completed by his parents showed that he had the highest scores in aggressive behavior, attention problems, rule-breaking behavior, and anxious/depressed subscales. Lack of parental attention to meeting the needs and creating a supportive environment may have led to behavioral-emotional disorders and risky behaviors such as suicide in the boy.},  
Keywords = {Suicide attempt, Major depressive disorder, Child behavior, Child neglect},
volume = {27},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {120-127}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3347.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3179-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3179-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {DewiPuspasariKarisma, Karisma and SafiraNabilaZulfany, Zulfany and SalisYuniardiSalis, Muhammad and Latipun, Latipu},  
title = {Application of Negative Reinforcement and Reward Technique to Reduce Behavior of Collecting Goods In Individual with Schizophrenia}, 
abstract ={Our subject is a 55-year-old man and a former civil servant. He claimed to have seen someone who others could not see. He believed that he is an important person. He had strange behavior such as separating himself from others, speaking and laughing alone, and collecting rubbish. Based on the assessment through observation, interviews, and psychological tests, the subject was diagnosed with schizophrenia and behavioral problems such as collect things. The subject’s behavior appears because he feels pleasure after collecting goods. He did not do other activities that make him feel good; thus, the behavior was repeated. The intervention aims to reduce the frequency of collecting things through negative reinforcement and rewards techniques. The intervention eventually suppressed the behavior of collecting things carried out by the subject gradually.},  
Keywords = {Negative reinforcement, Reward, Behavior therapy, Schizophrenia},
volume = {27},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {128-137}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3233.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3109-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3109-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shirdel, Saeedeh and Bolhari, Jafar},  
title = {Infidelity a Challenge Facing Therapists}, 
abstract ={It seems vital to address the problem of extramarital relationships or marital infidelity, which is a traumatic issue for families and spouses and a common issue in counseling and treatment for mental health therapists. This social problem is also very common, however, due to its crucial and personal aspect, accurate information about its prevalence is not available in Iran. Infidelity refers to any concealment of a spouse about an extramarital affair. In fact, secrecy is an important part of an illegitimate and romantic relationship. Types of infidelity include sexual, emotional, and virtual (Internet) infidelity. Men react more strongly to sexual infidelity and women to emotional infidelity. An important point to note is that dissatisfaction with marriage can lead to infidelity, but a successful marriage is no guarantee that it will not happen. Despite its prevalence, not much research has been done in this area. In a US study, integrative intervention therapy was used for couples with such problem and it was found that this integrated treatment model had a good effect on the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Some tudies have been conducted in Iran despite the sensitivity of the issue. In a systematic review conducted in Mashhad to investigate the causes of infidelity in married women, four causes of individual-personality, cultural-social, family-educational, and religious-belief were more effective than other causes. In another study, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) was performed in Tehran to reduce anxiety and depression among women with extramarital affairs and it was observed that this treatment clearly reduces the mentioned symptoms.},  
Keywords = {Extramarital relations, Betrayal therapist},
volume = {27},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {138-143}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.1.3287.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3148-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3148-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mohammadi, Saeed and ZahediTajrishi, Komeil and Tashkeh, Mojtab},  
title = {Effect of Exercise and Meditation on Depression and Anxiety Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis}, 
abstract ={Objectives: Despite the studies that examined the effect of exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety, no meta-analysis has proved this effect so far. Also, the effect of these factors is unknown in terms of gender and aerobic exercise. This meta-analysis addressed these gaps. Methods: Major electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, were searched until July 2019. Studies addressing the effect of exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety were found. Q-test and I2 statistic investigated the heterogeneity across the studies. The probability of publication bias was explored using Begg's and Egger's tests. The results were expressed as the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval using a random-effects model. Results: We identified a total of 10015 references and 51 studies involving 3594 participants. Compared with the control group, the SMD estimate of anxiety was -0.7 (-1.20, -0.19) for meditation, -0.9 (-1.24, -0.57) for aerobic, and -1.07 (-1.67, -0.46) for other exercises. Also, the SMD estimate of depression was-0.84 (-1.26, -0.42) for meditation, -0.44 (-0.72, -0.17) for aerobic, and -1.10 (-1.55, -0.65) for other exercises. Conclusion: Exercise and meditation had a significant effect on depression and anxiety. Furthermore, there was an effect of the exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety regarding the female gender and aerobic exercise.},  
Keywords = {Anxiety, Depression, Exercise, Meditation, Meta-analysis},
volume = {27},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {144-161}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.2.3406.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3218-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3218-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ghasemizadeh, Parisa and Shameli, Leila and Hadianfard, Habib},  
title = {Effect of Time Perspective Therapy on Dark Tetrad Personality Traits of Mothers and Separation Anxiety Disorder of Their Preschool Children}, 
abstract ={Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Time Perspective Therapy (TPT) on dark tetrad personality traits of mothers and Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) of their preschool children.  Methods: This is quasi-experimental clinical trial with pre-test, post-test, follow-up design. Participants were the mothers of 32 preschool children with SAD in Kazerun County, Iran in winter 2019 who were selected using a convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into intervention (n=16) and control (n=16) groups. Mothers in the intervention group received TPT at six 90-min sessions, once per week. The data were collected using the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen inventory, Short Sadistic Impulse Scale, and Children Symptom Inventory. The collected data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS v. 22 software. Results: The TPT led to a significant decrease in SAD symptoms and narcissism (P≤0.05) at the post-test and follow-up phases, but had no any significant effect on other dark tetrad personality traits of mothers (P≥0.05). Conclusion: The TPT of mothers decreases their narcissism and the SAD symptoms of their children.},  
Keywords = {Dark personality traits, Preschool children, Separation anxiety, Time perspective},
volume = {27},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {162-179}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.2.2849.3},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3168-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3168-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mohammadi, Elnaz and Shadbafi, Mohamm},  
title = {Comparison of Sensitivity to Reward and Punishment, Response Inhibition and Sustained Attention Between School Boys With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo}, 
abstract ={Objectives: Recent studies have identified a disorder called Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) which has similarities with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in attentional problems and often is mistakenly diagnosed as ADHD. Attentional problems cause executive dysfunction and often affect the hot and cold executive functions. This study aims to compare the sensitivity to reward and punishment, response inhibition and sustained attention between school boys with ADHD and SCT. Methods: This is a casual-comparative study. Participants were 100 elementary school male students (50 with ADHD and 50 with SCT) in Tabriz, Iran in the academic year 2019-20, who were selected through a screening method and based on the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham-IV (SNAP-IV) and the SCT questionnaires. The Balloon analogue risk task was used to measure the sensitivity to reward and punishment, while the continuous performance test was used to measure response inhibition and sustained attention. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of variance was performed in SPSS v.20 software. Results: The boys with ADHD had higher scores in sensitivity to reward, while those with SCT had higher scores in sensitivity to punishment. Moreover, the boys with ADHD had deficits in response inhibition, while those with SCT had deficits in sustained attention (P<0.0001). Conclusion: It seems that school boys with SCT have deficits in hot executive functions, and those with ADHD have problems in cold executive functions.},  
Keywords = {Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Sluggish cognitive tempo, Sensitivity to reward, Sensitivity to punishment, Response inhibition, Sustained attention},
volume = {27},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {180-193}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.2.3294.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3184-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3184-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {FarokhnezhadAfsha, Pouya and Malakouti, Seyed Kazem and Rashedi, Vahid and Ajri-khameslou, Mehdi},  
title = {Relationship Between Place Attachment and Social Functioning in the Elderly}, 
abstract ={Objectives: The world’s aging population is increasing. Considering the importance of aging in place and its impact on lifestyle, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between place attachment and social functioning in the elderly. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study. Participants were 400 older people in Tehran, Iran (234 males and 166 females with a Mean±SD age of 66.31±6 6.78 years) who were selected through quota sampling. The data were collected by the Place Attachment Scale (PAS) and Social Adaptation Self-Evaluation Scale (SASS). Data were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 software. Results: The PAS dimensions of place identity (β = 0.23, P< 0.001), place dependence (β = 0.17, P= 0.001) and social relations in the neighborhood (β = 0.19, P= 0.001) could explain SASS dimension of social activities quality, while place dependence (β = 0.31, P< 0.001) and social relations in the neighborhood (β = 0.22, P< 0.001) could explain the SASS dimension of social relations quality. Conclusion: Place attachment is related to the social functioning of the elderly.},  
Keywords = {Aged, Social environment, Social adjustment, Social behavior},
volume = {27},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {194-203}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.2.2822.2},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3160-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3160-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Taban, Mozhgan and Hajebi, Ahmad and Gholami, Mehri and Naserbakht, Mortez},  
title = {Evaluating the Performance of Community Mental Health Centers in Iran: Strengths and Challenges}, 
abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the performance of Community-based Mental Health Centers (CMHCs) in Iran and identifying the strengths and challenges in the provision of mental health services. Methods: This is a qualitative study, conducted using 36 individual interviews and 13 focus group discussions. Content analysis was performed and data were categorized. The findings were presented in terms of the needs for program implementation, achieving the expected goals and outcomes, and the findings of program evaluation. First, the points related to the provision of infrastructure and setting up the centers were mentioned, and then, the features, strengths and challenges facing the program were discussed.  Results: Significant successes were achieved in providing infrastructure and implementing the community-based mental health program. Challenges in the implementation of this program included the barriers to attracting more general physicians and the impact of culture and attitudes in each city on the effectiveness of the program. Conclusion: To improve the performance of CMHCs, more attention should be paid to psychiatry and mental health educational programs in the general medicine curriculum, public education about the mental health and providing solutions for better implementation of the program.},  
Keywords = {Program evaluation, Community-mental health centers, Qualitative study},
volume = {27},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {204-215}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.2.747.4},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3329-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3329-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Damari, Behzad and Akrami, Forouz},  
title = {Sexual Health Challenges in Iran and the Strategies for its Improvement}, 
abstract ={Objectives: Sexual health has been considered as a necessary condition for achieving reproductive health, rather than being a part of it. This study aimed to identify the challenges of sexual health in Iran and the strategies for its improvement. Methods: In this qualitative study using content analysis, a semi-structured interview was used to collect data. The participants were 16 experienced experts who were selected using a purposive sampling method. After individual interviews and theoretical data saturation, data analysis was performed using the deductive content analysis method. Results: Five main themes including the taboo of sexuality and low public awareness, unconventional sexual behaviors and emerging social ills, stigma and discrimination, lack of the political commitment of the government, and lack of statistical indicators and not utilization of existing capacities were identified as the challenges of sexual health in Iran. The strategies to address them included: Public education and empowerment with a special focus on the adolescents and young people, adopting policies and revising the related laws in line with social changes; gaining the political support of the government, promoting the right attitude with a focus on banishing stigma and discrimination against groups with high-risk sexual behaviors, collecting indicators and designing interventions using human resources and existing capacities, and promoting professional ethics and gender equity. Conclusion: For addressing the challenges and achieving the highest levels of sexual health in Iran, it requires the political commitment of the government, revising laws, and inter-sectoral cooperation to design and implement multidisciplinary and multidimensional interventions.},  
Keywords = {Sexual health, Reproductive health, Stigma, Discrimination, Gender equity, Iran},
volume = {27},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {216-233}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.2.3502.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3284-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3284-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Alizadeh, Mohsen and Hasani, Mohsen and Mianbandi, Gohar and Ashouri, Ahm},  
title = {Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Nomophobia Questionnaire}, 
abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to assess the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) for use on Iranian population. Methods: This is a correlational study. Participants were 280 undergraduate students in Mashhad, Iran in 2017 who were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. They completed the Persian version of NMP-Q and the Cellphone Overuse Scale (COS). To assess the test-retest reliability, 40 participants completed the questionnaire again two weeks later. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS v. 20 and LISREL v. 8 applications using Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson correlation test, and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The results showed the high internal consistency of the questionnaire (α= 0.921 for overall scale and 0.748-0.885 for subscales). Correlation coefficients for assessing concurrent validity and test-retest reliability were reported 0.51 and 0.81, respectively. According to the results of confirmatory factor analysis, all four subscales of the main version were confirmed in the Persian version. Conclusion: The Persian version of NMP-Q has good validity and reliability for use in Iran.},  
Keywords = {Nomophobia questionnaire, Smartphone, Anxiety},
volume = {27},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {234-247}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.2.3030.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2994-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2994-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Farrahi, Hassan and Gharraee, Banafsheh and Oghabian, Mohammad Ali and Zare, Roghaye and Pirmoradi, Mohammad Reza and Najibi, Seyed Morteza and Batouli, Seyed Amir Hossei},  
title = {Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Patient Health Questionnaire-9}, 
abstract ={Objectives: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is one of the most commonly used measures for screening, diagnosing and monitoring of depression. So far, four studies have examined some of the psychometric properties of Persian version of PHQ-9 in physical and psychiatric patients; however, some aspects of its psychometrics have not yet been adequately evaluated in the student population. Therefore, this study aims to examine more psychometric properties of the Persian version of PHQ-9 in the student population. Methods: In this descriptive study, 463 students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2018-19 participated who were selected using a convenience sampling method. The reliability of the Persian PHQ-9 was assessed using internal consistency and test-retest reliability for a 2-week interval. Its construct validity was evaluated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. To evaluate its convergent validity, the second version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the depression subscale of the 21-item Depression Anxiety Depression Inventory (DASS-21), the neuroticism subscale of NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the negative affect subscale of the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) were used. The openness subscale of NEO-FFI and the positive affect subscale of PANAS were also used to assess its discriminant validity. Results: Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.856 and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.869 indicated high internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Persian PHQ-9, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis results showed a one-factor structure, accounting for 47.59% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that all questions were related to one factor. Positive correlation of the Persian PHQ-9 score with BDI-II (r= 0.769), the neuroticism subscale of NEO-FFI (r= 0.508), the depression subscale of DASS-21 (r= 0.647) and the negative affect subscale of PANAS (r= 0.430) indicated an acceptable convergent validity, while its negative correlation with the positive affect subscale PANAS (r= -0.444) indicated its acceptable discriminant validity; however, its score had no significant relationship with the openness subscale of NEO indicates NEO-FFI (r= 0.116). Conclusion: The Persian PHQ-9 can be used in clinical and research fields to screen, diagnose, and monitor clinical and/or subclinical depression in the Iranian student population. },  
Keywords = {Depression, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Validity, Reliability},
volume = {27},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {248-263}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.2.3375.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3200-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3200-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {MusaArgungu, Zulkiflu and OlalekanOladele, Tajudeen and HassanHassan, Murtal},  
title = {Socioeconomic Factors as Determinants of Suicidal Behaviors Among Adults in Nigeria}, 
abstract ={Objectives: Suicidal behavior is seen in the context of a variety of mental disorders and it is believed that suicide has become a serious issue in both developed and developing countries. This study was done to evaluate the associated factors of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among Nigerian adults. Methods: The data were collected from Federal Medical Center Birnin Kebbi and the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Kebbi State, a nationally representative sample was recruited using a multi-stage clustering method.  Results: Female gender, being divorced/widowed, lower education, and lower-income level were associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempt (OR=1.56; CI=1.31–1.97, OR=1.91; CI=1.09–3.31). In particular, the effect of age on suicidal ideation presented a reverse pattern based on gender; there was a positive association for men and a negative association for women. Conclusion: This study suggested that low education, low-income level, marital status, and age were predominantly associated with the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in women than men.},  
Keywords = {Suicidal ideation, Suicide attempt, Socio-economic status, Age},
volume = {27},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {264-275}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.2.3535.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3303-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3303-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shams, Amir and EslamiNosratabadi, Mahdieh and Sangari, Mandana and Mirmoezzi, Masou},  
title = {Effect of Cognitive Rehabilitation Combined With Physical Exercise on Sustained, Selective, and Alternating attention in School-aged Girls Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder}, 
abstract ={Objectives: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders in childhood. This study aims to assess the effect of cognitive rehabilitation combined with physical exercise on sustained, selective and alternating attention in ADHD children. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with a Pre-test/posttest design. The study population consists of all primary school girls with ADHD in Yazd, Iran. Of these, 40 aged 9-12 years were selected and randomly divided into four groups of cognitive rehabilitation, physical exercise, combined (exercise + rehabilitation), and control. The Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS) was used for initial assessment of children, Goodenough- Harris Drawing Test (GHDT) to measure intelligence score, Integrated Visual and Auditory-Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT) to assess sustained attention, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to measure alternating attention, and Stroop test to measure selective attention. For cognitive rehabilitation, My Brain application was used. The intervention was presented at 16 sessions, each for 60 minutes. Posttest assessment was performed 24 and 72 hours after the end of intervention. ANCOVA was used for data analysis. All analyses were performed in SPSS v. 20, considering a significance level of P<0.05. Results: The results of ANCOVA showed that the combined group had significantly lower errors in sustained, selective and alternating attention tests compared to other groups. In the omission response variable, the mean score of the children in the combined group was significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Cognitive rehabilitation combined with physical exercises can improve different types of attention in children with ADHD.},  
Keywords = {Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Rehabilitation, Cognitive, Attention},
volume = {27},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {276-287}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.3.3342.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3176-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3176-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Lotfi, Mozhgan and Amin, Mahdi and Shiasy, Yasam},  
title = {Comparing Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Emotion Regulation Models in Explaining Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in College Students}, 
abstract ={Objectives: Emotion regulation is an important transdiagnostic construct and one of the main and underlying dimensions in emotional disorders. This study aims to compare interpersonal and intrapersonal models of emotion regulation in explaining depression and anxiety symptoms in college students. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Participants were 517 students of public universities in Tehran, Iran who were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method. They completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and short form of Symptom Checklist (SCL-25). Results: Intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation models had a significant role in explaining depression and anxiety symptoms, where the intrapersonal emotion regulation model had a significant and stronger effect in predicting depression and anxiety symptoms (P<0.01). Conclusion: Both intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation models have a role in explaining depression and anxiety symptoms and can be effective in predicting and treating emotional disorders.},  
Keywords = {Anxiety, Depression, Emotion regulation, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal},
volume = {27},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {288-301}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.2.2359.2},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3154-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3154-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Moradi, Prosha and Masjedi, Abbas and Jafari, Mahdi},  
title = {Effect of Computer Games on Working Memory, Visual Memory, and Executive Functions of the Elderly}, 
abstract ={Objectives: Decline of cognitive ability is one of the changes old age. Recent studies have shown that computer games has a positive effect on cognitive abilities. Accordingly, the present study aims to assess the effectiveness of computer games in improving working memory, visual memory, and executive functions in the elderly. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design conducted on 40 older people in Tehran, Iran who were selected using a purposive sampling method based on the inclusion criteria and after a clinical interview. They were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control groups. The Intervention group played a one-hour computer game (Lumosity) at 15 sessions, while the control group did not play any computer games. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS v. 25 software. Results: The Computer game had a significant effect on the improvement of working memory, visual memory, and executive functions in the Intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Computer games can improve memory and cognitive functions of the elderly. It is recommended to use these games in nursing homes and the related centers to rehabilitate the elderly. },  
Keywords = {Aged, Video games, Memory, Executive functions},
volume = {27},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {302-317}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.2.3401.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3215-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3215-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Etemadnia, Marzieh and Shiroodi, Shohreh and Khalatbari, Javad and Abolghasemi, Shahnam},  
title = {Predicting Love Trauma Syndrome in College Students Based on Personality Traits, Early Maladaptive Schemas, and Spiritual Health}, 
abstract ={Objectives: Love Trauma Syndrome (LTC) is common among college students which can lead to psychological and educational problems. The current study aims to assess the role of personality traits, early maladaptive schemas and spiritual health in predicting LTC in college students. Methods: This is a descriptive/correlational study. Participants were 500 students of universities in Tehran, Iran suffering from LTC who were selected using a cluster random sampling method. They completed the Love Trauma Inventory, HEXACO Personality Inventory, Young Schema Questionnaire- Short Form, and Spirituality Index of Well-Being. Data analysis was performed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in LISREL software.  Results: The SEM results showed the good fit of the study model (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation= 0.043). Personality traits, early maladaptive schemes, and spiritual health could predict LTC. Extraversion, emotionality, honesty-humility, self-sacrifice, abandonment, and life schema were the strongest predictors. Conclusion: Personality traits, early maladaptive schemes, and spiritual health can predict LTC.},  
Keywords = {Love trauma syndrome, Spiritual health, Personality traits, Early maladaptive schemas},
volume = {27},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {318-335}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.2.1096.2},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3122-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3122-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Zargarinejad, Ghazaleh and EbadiZare, Saeed and Gharraee, Banafsheh and Aghebati, Asma and Farahani, Hojjatollah and Shirazi, Elham},  
title = {Inter-parent Agreement and Discrepancy on Core Symptoms and Externalizing Problems in School-age Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder}, 
abstract ={Objectives: Inter-parent agreement and discrepancy on core symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and related externalizing problems can have clinical implications for the diagnosis of the disorder. This study aims to examine inter-parent agreement and discrepancy on ratings of hyperactivity/impulsivity, inattention, behavior problems, and emotion dysregulation in children with ADHD. Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study. The study population consists of children with ADHD aged 6-10 years who referred to child and adolescent psychiatric clinics in Tehran, Iran. Of these, 51 children were selected using a convenience sampling method. They were separately assessed by their parents using the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham-IV (SNAP-IV) Questionnaire, Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory, Emotion Regulation Checklist, and the Parenting Stress Index- Short Form. Results: Parents had a moderate agreement on all scales/subscales except on emotion dysregulation which was fair. Mothers rated higher than fathers in all areas except for the inattention subscale. Mother’s parenting stress and educational level could predict inter-parent discrepancy on ratings. Conclusion: Mother-father discrepancy on the symptoms and problems of ADHD is clinically significant. Clinicians should take it to account when interpreting results of rating scales in children with ADHD. Multiple informants are suggested in using rating scales for ADHD assessment.},  
Keywords = {Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Behavior Rating Scale, Behavioral Problem},
volume = {27},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {336-349}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.3.3426.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3269-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3269-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Abdolahi, Nida and NiliAhmadabadi, Mohammad Reza and EbrahimiQavam, Soghra and Asgari, Mohammad and Aliabadi, Khadijeh},  
title = {Developing and Validating an Instructional Design Model Based on Control-value Theory of Achievement Emotions}, 
abstract ={Objectives: Supporting and managing the emotions of the learning-teaching process is very important and requires designing safe learning environments in terms of cognitive experiences, psychosocial relationships, and emotional feelings. This study aimed to develop and validate of instructional design model based on Control-Value Theory (CVT) of achievement emotions to improve the psychological health and performance of learners and educators. Methods: The research method was qualitative, and we used the inductive content analysis technique. The studies related to CVT theory were searched from 2007 to 2021 in different databases, and 175 articles were selected out of them. Based on the purposive sampling method, 63 articles were chosen for further analysis. In a systematic approach, themes related to essential components of CVT were recognized and coded in the form of key sentences in a table. Then, the codes were categorized based on similarities and differences in general categories. Finally, an instructional design model based on CVT was designed. The model was sent to 20 specialists in the fields of Educational Technology and Educational Psychology content validation. Of them, 12 experts completed the questionnaire, and the results were analyzed. Results: Based on the analyses, the main components of CVT were identified. Then, by combining instructional design principles, the experts presented and approved an instructional design model based on CVT of achievement emotions with eight components: learning environment, cognitive appraisal, emotion, achievement, learning, evaluation, design, and learner. Conclusion: The instructional design model based on CVT of achievement emotions is very effective at the micro and macro levels at all academic levels and various majors such as medicine, humanities, and basic sciences. It promises a rich teaching-learning environment in terms of achievement emotions. },  
Keywords = {Instructional Design Model, Control-value theory, Achievement emotions},
volume = {27},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {350-365}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.4.3627.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3356-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3356-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kouhestani, Parham and Mohammad-Sadegh, Homa and Eftekhar, Mehrdad and Nohesara, Shabnam and Alavi, Kaveh},  
title = {Developing and Accessing Validity and Reliability of the Persian Versions of Three Instruments Measuring Risky Sexual Behaviors}, 
abstract ={Objectives: There are a few instruments available to assess sexual issues in Persian according to indigenous culture. This study aims to translate three instruments of Sexual Addiction Screening Test – Revised (SAST-R), Sexual Risk Survey (SRS) and sexual behavior subscale of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), and evaluate their psychometric parameters. Methods: After translating the selected instruments into Persian, a group of psychiatrists evaluated its content validity. The final versions were distributed among 92 participants (45 men and 47 women) selected from among the companions of patients referred to the clinics of Iran Psychiatric Hospital. Then, the factor structure and internal consistency of them were assessed. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for Persian versions of SAST-R, SRS and sexual behavior subscale of YRBSS was obtained 0.878, 0.869 and 0.511, respectively. The factor analysis extracted 12 factors for the SAST-R explaining 71.4% of the variances, 5 factors for the SRS explaining 76.2%b of the variances, and 2 factors for the sexual behavior subscale explaining 56.7% of the variances. Conclusion: Persian version of the SAST-R has high internal consistency with a complex factor structure. The Persian version of SRS has high internal consistency with a well-defined factor structure, while the sexual behavior subscale of YRBSS has a good factor structure with a moderate internal consistency. These instruments can be used on Iranian population. Further studies are recommended to evaluate their construct validity and reliability.},  
Keywords = {Psychometrics, Sexual Behavior, Unprotected sex, Risky Sexual Behavior, Addictive behavior},
volume = {27},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {366-387}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.3.3140.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3041-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3041-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Akrami, Leila and Malekpour, Mokhtar and Abedi, Ahm},  
title = {Developing and Accessing Psychometric Properties of The Persian Version of Behavior Assessment System for Children (3Rd Edition) in Children With Mild Intellectual Disabilities and Normal Children}, 
abstract ={Objectives: The present study aims to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Behavior Assessment System for Children, 3rd edition (BASC-3) in children with mild intellectual disabilities and normal children. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2017 on 438 girls and boys with mild intellectual disabilities and normal children aged 12-18 years who were selected using a cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was the Persian BASC-3 and its Parent Rating Scale (PRS-A) and Teacher Rating Scale (TRS-A). Data analysis was performed in SPSS v. 24 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: According to the results obtained from factor analysis, assessing correlation of subscale scores with total score, test-retest reliability, and Cronbach’s alpha showed that the Persian BASC-3 and its PRS-A and TRS-A forms had acceptable validity and reliability.  Conclusion: The Persian BASC-3 and its parent and teachers forms have good psychometric properties and can be used to evaluate the behavioral and adaptive problems of normal adolescents and children and those with mild intellectual disabilities in Iran.},  
Keywords = {Behavior Assessment System for Children, 3rd edition, Intellectual Disability, Normal Intelligence, Psychometrics},
volume = {27},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {388-405}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.4.3462.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3258-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3258-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ahmed, Md Zahir},  
title = {China’s Psychological Implementation to Overcome COVID-19 Pandemic}, 
abstract ={N/A},  
Keywords = {},
volume = {27},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {406-411}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.3.3566.5},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3484-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3484-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2021}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shareh, Hossein and Robati, Zahr},  
title = {Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy on Cognitive Flexibility, Suicidal Ideation, Depression, and Hopelessness in Conscripts}, 
abstract ={Objectives: The present study aims to investigate the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on cognitive flexibility, suicidal ideation, depression, and hopelessness in conscripts. Methods: In this clinical trial with a pretest/posttest design using a control group, 60 conscripts were selected through a convenience sampling method from among those referred to military counseling centers in Khorasan Razavi Province of Iran in 2019, and were randomly assigned into intervention (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. The intervention group received ACT group therapy at eight weekly 90-min sessions, while the control group received no treatment. In the pretest and posttest phases, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Beck Hopelessness Scale were completed by both groups. Data analysis was performed using the independent ‎‎t-test and analysis of covariance. Results: ACT significantly led to increased cognitive flexibility and its components (P=0.001) and reduced suicidal thoughts (P=0.001), depression (P=0.001) and hopelessness (P=0.002). Conclusion: ACT group therapy can reduce depression, suicidal ideation and hopelessness in conscripts by increasing their cognitive flexibility.},  
Keywords = {Flexibility, Suicide, Depression, Hopelessness, Acceptance and commitment therapy, conscripts},
volume = {27},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {412-427}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.2.225.12},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3095-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3095-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Farnia, Samaneh and Mahtiyan, Elham and Zarghami, Mehran and EslamiParkoohi, Parisa and Emadian, Aida and Hendouei, Narjes},  
title = {Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Adding Pregabalin to Antipsychotic Treatment in Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia: A Double-blind Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial}, 
abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding pregabalin to standard antipsychotic treatment in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, participants were 48 male inpatients aged 18-65 years with chronic schizophrenia but with clinically stable conditions. They were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=24) and control (n=24). The intervention group received 75 mg of pregabalin per day for three weeks which was increased to 150 mg per day from the fourth week to the end of the study, in addition to standard antipsychotic medication for six weeks. The severity of psychotic symptoms was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and their movement disorder symptoms were evaluated by the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS) and Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS) at baseline and at 3th and 6th weeks of the intervention. Collected data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS v.20 software, considering P<0.05 as the statistically significance level. Results: No significant differences were observed in severity of disease based on the PANSS total score and its three subscales (positive scale, negative scale, and general psychopathology) and in the BARS and SAS scores at the end of 6th week in groups and between the two groups. Conclusion: Adding 150 mg of pregabalin to the standard antipsychotic treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenia is not effective in improving their psychotic symptoms, but it is well tolerated.},  
Keywords = {Schizophrenia, Pregabalin, Antipsychotic agents},
volume = {27},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {428-439}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.3.2167.3},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3362-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3362-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ghaderi, Farzad and Akrami, Nahid and Namdari, Koroosh and Abedi, Ahm},  
title = {Comparing the Effects of Integrated Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Transdiagnostic Treatment on Symptoms of Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder Comorbid with Depression}, 
abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and transdiagnostic treatment in improving symptoms of patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) comorbid with depression. Methods: This is a single-case quasi-experimental study. The study population consists of all people with GAD comorbid with depression referred to counseling centers in Isfahan, Iran in 2019, from whom 10 were selected using a purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into two groups of CBT and transdiagnostic treatment. Subjects in both groups were assessed at baseline, 3rd, 4th, 8th, 10th sessions, and during a one-month follow-up period using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. To analyze the data, visual analysis,  Reliable Change Index (RCI), improvement percentage, and statistical and clinical significance were used. Results: Visual analysis, percentage of improvement, and RCI value showed that both treatments caused clinically and statistically significant changes in therapeutic outcomes and their therapeutic effects continued during follow-up period. However, the percentage of improvement in CBT group was higher than in the transdiagnostic treatment group. Conclusion: CBT is superior to transdiagnostic treatment in terms of effect size and stability, but both are the same in terms of acceptance.},  
Keywords = {Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Transdiagnostic Treatment, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Depression},
volume = {27},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {440-457}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.4.3067.3},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3224-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3224-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Tahmasebi, Siyamak and karimpourVazifehkhorani, Alirez},  
title = {Comparing the Effects of Motivational Manipulation and Neurofeedback Methods on Reward Sensitivity, Delay Discounting, and Impulsivity in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder}, 
abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to compare the effects of two methods of motivational manipulation and neurofeedback on reward sensitivity, delay discounting, and impulsivity in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methods: This is an experimental study with a pre-test/post-test/follow-up design using a control group. Participants were 90 children aged 7-12 years with ADHD in Tehran, Iran who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Neurofeedback and motivational manipulation were performed in the two intervention groups at 12 sessions each session for 45 minutes. Balloon Analogue Risk task and Chocolate  Delay Discounting task were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using MANCOVA in SPSS v.23 software. Results: After controlling the effects of pre-test scores on post-test scores, the difference between the groups in the post-test phase was statistically significant in terms of impulsivity and delay discounting (P<0.01) and reward sensitivity (P<0.05). The neurofeedback method (Mean=4.66) had a greater effect on reward sensitivity than motivational manipulation method (Mean=2.31) compared to the control group, which was significant (P<0.01). The effect of motivational manipulation (Mean=2.31) was not significant in comparison with the control group. Conclusion: Voluntary activation of dopaminergic regions of the brain by neurofeedback and motivational manipulation leads to endogenous dopamine control in these regions, resulting in successful regulation or inhibitory control and reduced cravings, which reduces impulsivity and reward sensitivity.},  
Keywords = {Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Reward sensitivity, Delay discounting, Impulsivity, Neurofeedback Motivational manipulation},
volume = {27},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {458-473}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.4.3572.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3324-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3324-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Nasiri, Pegah and Mousavi, Seyyedeh Fatemeh and Mollazadeh, Jav},  
title = {Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in the relationship between Brain-Behavioral System Activity and Marital Satisfaction}, 
abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to assess the mediating role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation (CER) strategies in the relationship between brain-behavioral system activity and marital satisfaction. Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population consists of all married men and women referred to two clinics of petrochemical industries in Mahshahr, of whom: 200 (106 female and 94 male) were selected using a convenience sampling method. Data collection tools were the Gray-Wilson Personality Questionnaire, ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Pearson correlation test, multiple regression analysis and path analysis were carried out in SPSS v.17 and LISREL v.8.8.  Results: All dimensions of CER (negative and positive strategies) and the activity of brain-behavioral system were significantly associated with marital satisfaction. Both negative and positive CER strategies and two Behavioral Activating System and Fight/Flight System as components of the brain-behavioral system had direct association and the Behavioral Inhibition System component had indirect association with marital satisfaction. They had good predictive power to predict marital satisfaction in families.  Conclusion: The brain-behavioral system activity, as a biological model of personality, and the use of CER strategies have can predict marital satisfaction.},  
Keywords = {Brain-Behavioral System, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, Marital Satisfaction},
volume = {27},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {474-491}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.4.3506.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3288-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3288-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ashouri, Ahmad and FarokhnezhadAfshar, Pouya and Alimoradi, Hamzeh and Talebizadeh, Megh},  
title = {Psychometric properties of the Persian version of Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire in College Students}, 
abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue) in college students. Methods: This is a descriptive study. Participants were 551 students from selected universities in Tehran, Iran who were enrolled using a stratified random sampling method. The students completed the Persian version of TEIQue as well as the Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) and the Neo-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Data were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 software using independent t-test, Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson correlation and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Results: The results of EFA confirmed that the Persian TEIQue had four factors of well-being, self-control, emotionality and sociability. Cronbach’s alpha value was reported 0.95 for the global EI, and ranged 0.69-0.90 for its four factors. In the split-half reliability, the Cronbach’s alpha was obtained 0.92 for the first half and 0.89 for the second half. The convergent/discriminant validity assessment in relation to SSEIT and NEO-FFI, showed a positive correlation with the most subscales of SSEIT and a negative correlation with the neuroticism subscale of NEO-FFI. There were gender differences in TEIQue scores between males and females, where females had higher scores in the global index and in factors of well-being and emotionality.  Conclusion: The Persian version of TEIQue has acceptable reliability and validity for measuring trait emotional intelligence in Iranian adult population.},  
Keywords = {Emotional Intelligence, Personality, Psychometrics},
volume = {27},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {492-507}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.4.3123.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3031-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3031-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Gharrae, Banafsheh and Masoumian, Samira and Zamirinejad, Somayeh and Yaghmaeezadeh, Hoom},  
title = {Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Self-report Personality Questionnaire for Personality Disorders of DSM-5 (SCID-5-SPQ) in Clinical Samples}, 
abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Self-Report Personality Questionnaire of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5-SPQ) in Iranian clinical samples. Methods: This is a descriptive survey study. Participants were 289 outpatients and inpatients referred to Iran Psychiatric Hospital, Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital and the clinic of Tehran Institute of Psychiatry who were selected using a convenience sampling method. In addition to a demographic form and the Persian version of SCID-5-SPQ, the Persian version of SCID-5 Personality Disorder (SCID-5-PD) was used. Finally, face validity, internal consistency (by Cronbach’s alpha), convergent validity (by Spearman correlation test) and the differences between self-reports of women and men (by Mann-Whitney U test) were evaluated. Results: The Persian SCID-5-SPQ showed good face validity. Regarding the convergent validity, all subscales of this questionnaire showed a significant positive correlation with the SCID-5-PD (P<0.001). Moreover, Cronbach’s alpha was reported α=0.93, indicating good internal consistency. Conclusion: The Persian version of SCID-5-SPQ has good validity and reliability, and can be used alone or along with the interviews in psychiatric clinics and hospitals in Iran for screening personality disorders.},  
Keywords = {Reliability, Validity, personality disorder},
volume = {27},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {508-519}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.4.2497.3},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3275-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3275-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Zamirinejad, Somayeh and Jamil, Leili and Ashouri, Ahm},  
title = {Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Pure Procrastination Scale in College Students}, 
abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS) including reliability, validity, measurement invariance, and factor analysis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 390 college students from the three universities in Tehran participated. They completed a battery of four self-report tools including the PPS, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS).  Results: The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) results confirmed the three-factor solution of the Persian PPS which were decisional procrastination, implemental delay, and timeliness. The results of multi-group confirmatory factor analysis showed the between-group invariance of the factor structure, measurement weights, structural covariances and measurement residuals of PPS for demographic variables. The results revealed high internal consistency and high test-retest reliability. There Persian PPS and its subscales had statistically significant correlations with DASS-21, DERS, and SWLS. Conclusion: The Persian PPS has good reliability and validity for assessing procrastination in Iranian population.},  
Keywords = {Psychometrics, Procrastination, Factor analysis, Reliability},
volume = {27},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {520-535}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.4.1878.3},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3190-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3190-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Wah, Ma Tsz},  
title = {Anxiety Symptoms Associated With the Severity of Problematic Smartphone Use: The Mediating Role of COVID-19 Anxiety}, 
abstract ={Objectives: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is regarded as the biggest global health crisis in recent decades. The changes in major life domains due to infection control strategies resemble the functional impairment consequential to emotional distress and place many people at greater risk of psychiatric conditions. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic and associated social distancing have widely increased the usage of smartphone to receive COVID-19-related information in the past year. However, the excessive use of smartphones has deleterious consequences. The current study investigated general anxiety symptoms and COVID-19-induced anxiety, and their impact on problematic smartphone use (PSPU) severity.  Methods: Adults aged 18–75 years were recruited by stratified, probability sampling from a database representative of the population. Among 1080 Hong Kong Chinese (age 18–75 years), a cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted between July 23 and August 25, 2020 (the period of the third wave outbreak of COVID-19 in Hong Kong).  Participants were assessed with the measures, including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, and Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the associations among general anxiety symptoms, COVID-19-induced anxiety, and severity of PSPU by the Amos 22.0 software. Results: Using established cut-off scores, our results found that prevalence of at least moderate anxiety level in around 22% of participants. Using SEM, both general anxiety symptoms and COVID-19-induced anxiety were associated with PSPU severity. Moreover, COVID-19 anxiety partially mediated relations between predisposing general anxiety with PSPU severity. Conclusion: This study provides initial data on the mental health status of people affected by COVID-19. It also investigated the relations between COVID-19-induced anxiety and PSPU severity as a coping mechanism. },  
Keywords = {COVID-19, Anxiety, problematic smartphone use, mental health},
volume = {27},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {536-555}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.4.3862.1},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3470-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3470-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2022}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shirdel, Saeedeh and Araminia, Behin and Salehi, Mahdiyeh and Arezoomandan, Reza and Shalbafan, Mohammadreza and Kamalzadeh, Leila and Shariat, Seyedvahi},  
title = {Necessity for Improvement of Qualitative and Quantitative Contents of Persian Wikipedia in Field of Mental Health}, 
abstract ={Wikipedia is one of the most important online sources of information that can be edited by any one. About 80% of people in developed countries use the Internet to search for mental health information, which generally includes disease symptoms, illnesses, and treatment methods. Existing studies have reported varying degrees of quality for mental health information on the Wikipedia website. To our knowledge, there is no study on the quality of information on the Persian version of Wikipedia, especially in the field of mental health. Due to the importance of Wikipedia for Internet users, the main purpose of this letter is to present a brief report on the Iranian authors' efforts in improving the quality and quantity of mental health information on the Persian Wikipedia. This can a step to promote the general knowledge of the community about the mental health.},  
Keywords = {Mental, Health, Wikipedia, Internet},
volume = {27},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {556-559}, 
publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services},

doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.27.4.3287.2},
url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3547-en.html},  
eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3547-en.pdf},  
journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology},  
issn = {1735-4315}, 
eissn = {2228-7515}, 
year = {2022}  
}