@article{ author = {KarimpourVazifehkhorani, Alireza and BakhshipourRoodsari, Abbas and KamaliGhasemabadi, Hossein and EtemadiChardah, Niloofar}, title = {Effectiveness of Reward-Based Task on Affective Levels of Depressed Individuals}, abstract ={Objectives The present study examined the effects of reward-driven task on improving the affective levels in individuals with depressive symptoms. Methods The present study is an experiment study with pretest- posttest and follow-up with control group. The community of this research was the students in Tabriz University in 2016-2017 semester. The sample size was 40 students which had visited the university counseling center 20 of them were assigned randomly to control group and 20 other experimental group. The intervention was given to the experimental group during 8 sessions (45 minutes per session) and 25 days by the Balloon Analogue Risk (reward-based task test), and the equivalent score obtained in each session was given to material rewards. Beck Depression Scale (BDI-II) and Mood Adjective Check List (MACL) were used for data collection. For data analysis, covariance analysis and SPSS version 23 software were used. Results The posttest mean scores of the participants based on reward-based task in the intervention group were 18.1, 12.6, and 14.1 for hedonic tone, tense arousal, and energetic arousal, respectively, and 13.9, 19.3, and 13.2, respectively for the control group; the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.01). The effect size of the present intervention was 0.70. In addition, the observed difference between the mean scores of the affective levels in the participants based on the reward-based task in the intervention group (mean scores 15.7, 14.4, and 11.7 for hedonic tone, tense arousal, and energetic arousal, respectively) and the control group (mean scores 14.1, 18.9, and 13.6 for hedonic tone, tense arousal, and energetic arousal, respectively) differed significantly in the follow-up stage (P<0.01). The provision of the reward-based task had been effective in improving the affective levels of the participants of the intervention group in posttest and follow-up stages, and statistical power equaling 1.0 indicated a reliable statistical accuracy. Conclusion Rewards and consequences of fun-producing factor  strengthened the desire to earn rewards and improve the activity levels that would affect the depressed patients, and the negative effect was reduced with the reward situation.  }, Keywords = {Depression, Reinforcement, Reward-based task, Affective levels}, volume = {24}, Number = {1}, pages = {6-15}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.24.1.6}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2714-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2714-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Fazaie, Samira and Ashayeri, Hass}, title = {The Impact of Music Education on 7-9-Year-Old Children’s Creativity in Tehran}, abstract ={Objectives The present study investigated the impact of music education on the creativity of 7–9-year-old children in Tehran, Iran. Methods semi-experimental study comprised of pretest-posttest and control groups. The study participants were 7–9-year-old children from primary schools from 20 regions of Tehran. The sampling method used in this study was based on availability that recruited 20 individuals, who were and randomly selected (n=10 each for the test and control groups). Data were collected by Torrance creativity questionnaire as well as the Wechsler Intelligence Test 4, and analyzed by SPSS software in two descriptive and inferential parts using independent samples t-tests and analysis of covariance tests. Results The results showed that children had sufficient intelligence to receive music education, which significantly affected the components of children’s creativity. Conclusion Thus, music education can be taken into consideration as an effective tool for developing creativity in children.}, Keywords = {Music teaching, Creativity, Children}, volume = {24}, Number = {1}, pages = {16-29}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.24.1.16}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2664-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2664-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hooshyari, Zahra and Delavar, Ali and Minaee, Asghar and Eskandari, Hossei}, title = {Comparison of Two Approaches for Measuring Moral Development: Neo-Kohlbergian Approach and Moral Study Challenges}, abstract ={Objectives A few of the challenges involved in measuring moral development includes tools and methodology. The present study compared two neo-Kohlbergian approaches in the study of moral development. Methods A total of 40 peoples referred to the Center for Behavioral and Mental Health Assessment were selected as a sample group, subjected to QUAN-QUAL (equal) design, and assessed using Defining Issue Test (DIT), Sociomoral Reflection Measure-Short Form (SRM-SF), semi-structured interviews based on hypothetical moral dilemmas, and in-depth interviews based on real-life dilemmas. Results The results showed that DIT and SRM-SF scores were correlated in the moral maturity index; however, these two methods and the results of conflicts in real life exhibited significant differences . Conclusion Therefore, standards and instructions were applied to both methods including test based on the memory or recalling that would yield similar results. Furthermore, the difference between these two methods with respect to results and interviews based on real-life dilemmas might be dependent on the situation of the individual than the tools, making self-judgment easier for individuals.}, Keywords = {Defining Issue Test, Sociomoral Reflection Measure- Short Form, Moral judgment interview, Hypothetical dilemmas, In-depth interview}, volume = {24}, Number = {1}, pages = {30-43}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.24.1.30}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2740-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2740-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {mohammadzadeh, ali and ashouri, ahm}, title = {Comparison of Personality Correlates of Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy (Dark Triad of Personality) in Three Factor Personality Model}, abstract ={Objectives Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy are often referred to as the dark triad of personality. This study explored the relationships of those personalities with three factor personality models. Methods The current study was conducted in correlational descriptive research context. A group of 203 normal participants from Tabriz Payame noor university students answered to MACH-IV, MCMI-II and EPQ-R personality questionnaires. Data analyzed using the stepwise multivariate regression analysis method. Results According to three factors model of personality, Machiavellianism was correlated to neuroticism (r=0.46, P<0.01) and psychoticism (r=0.32, P<0.01), Narcissism was correlated to psychoticism (r=0.17, P<0.01) and extraversion (r=0.17, P<0.01), Psychopathy was correlated to psychoticism (r=0.43, P<0.01) and neuroticism (r=0.43, P<0.01). Conclusion The dark dimension of personality can be described in terms of high psychoticism, according to three factor personality model.  }, Keywords = {Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Antisocial personality, Personality disorders}, volume = {24}, Number = {1}, pages = {44-55}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.24.1.44}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2426-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2426-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Toufighi, Hamidreza and Sharifi, Vandad and AlaghbandRad, Javad and Shadloo, Behrang}, title = {Development and Implementation of Discharge Planning Service in Roozbeh Hospital}, abstract ={Objectives Discharge Planning is a dynamic, collaborative and comprehensive process which is aimed to promote the continuity of care after discharge and providing necessary services and support to the client and his/her caregivers. Recently, the efficacy of discharge planning has been shown in multiple studies on factors like re-admission, treatment adherence, length of stay, treatment costs, symptoms resolution and patients’ quality of life. Methods We used an evidence-based service development model which contained five steps, including needs assessment, situation analysis, cost-effectiveness evaluation, prioritization and structural design. Results Needs assessment studies and situation analysis showed that Roozbeh Hospital had some deficits in adherence to outpatient visit and length of stay indices. In the next step, prioritization among possible interventions and designing the structure and details of this service in Roozbeh Hospital performed based on the principles mentioned in the literature, needs of the center and feasibility of services, and finally a comprehensive, collaborative and continuous program designed which includes some steps which are patient data registration, needs assessment, coordinating services and checklists of the affairs. Conclusion Development and implementation of the discharge planning service has been performed as the first one in Iran, in Roozbeh Hospital and requires to be evaluated and revised continuously, and we hope that this program be prominent to other psychiatric inpatient centers and also higher order mental health organizations.  }, Keywords = {Mental disorders, Patient discharge, Health services}, volume = {24}, Number = {1}, pages = {56-69}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.24.1.56}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2593-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2593-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {BaradaranEftekhari, monir and forouzan, ameneh setareh and mirabzadeh, arash and dejman, masoumeh and Yousefi, Hadi}, title = {Maintaining and Promoting Techniques for Mental Health Used by Iranian Married Women: A Qualitative Study}, abstract ={Objectives Mental health problems are prevalent especially in women all over the world. These problems have adverse effects on various aspects of life. Interventional programs to mental health promotion related to sociocultural structure and it is needed to know the coping mechanisms and mental health promotion strategies and it is the aim of this study. Methods This is a qualitative study. The relevant data were collected by in-depth interviews with 15 married women (18-65 years old) in Tehran. Then the obtained data were investigated through content analysis. Results Married women used four strategies to cope with the stress and promote the mental health status: a) strengthening the spiritual aspects, b) learning the skills of stress management, positive thinking, self-controlling and problem solving, c) seeking help, and d) setting their priorities setting and avoid daily boring tasks. Conclusion Teaching coping mechanisms based on problem-solving techniques is essential for mental health promotion in married women.  }, Keywords = {Mental health promotion, Women, Qualitative study}, volume = {24}, Number = {1}, pages = {70-79}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.24.1.70}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2699-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2699-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MehradSadr, Mohammad and Khademolreza, Nooshin and Akhbari, Saharnaz and Olamaei, Marzieh and Hashemian, Seyed Sepehr}, title = {Psychometric Characteristics of Persian Version of Parenting Style Index}, abstract ={Objectives The present study investigated the factor structure and reliability of the Parenting Style Index 2. Methods A total of 381 students of Hakim Sabzevari University filled out the survey. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate the factor structure of the method, and Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest methods were employed for examining the reliability. Results The results of the principal component with varimax rotation showed three- and four-factorial solutions that explained 45.13% and 52.17% of the total variance, respectively. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factorial solution was a better indication of the data than the four-factorial solution and that it fitted the data adequately in the Iranian society. The Cronbach’s alpha of the instrument was 0.65 and that for the subscales of the instrument was 0.53–0.75. The correlation coefficient of test-retest was 0.77, which demonstrated acceptable reliability of the instrument. Conclusion Acceptable reliability and fitting well with the data in Iranian society rendered the 3 factor PSI II as a suitable measure for determining the perceived parenting style with respect to screening or clinical purposes.  }, Keywords = {Factor structure, Reliability, Parenting style, Parenting style index}, volume = {24}, Number = {1}, pages = {80-91}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.24.1.80}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2627-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2627-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Khalili, Navid and Panjalizadeh, Mohammad Esmaiel and Jahani, Yunes}, title = {Validation of the Brief Persian Version of the Affective Temperament Auto-Questionnaire TEMPS-A}, abstract ={Objectives Affective temperaments are subclinical trait manifestations related to mood disorders. The temperament evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) has been translated into more than 25 languages worldwide and has been shortened in a few of these translations. The primary objective of the study is to validate a brief Persian version of the TEMPS-A. Methods The sample consisted of 694 University students educated in 10 different faculties of Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. After translation and back-translation process, participants were asked to complete the Persian translation of the original 110-item TEMPS-A. The exploratory factor was analyzed using the principal component analysis  method. A five-factor solution was applied based on other studies and theoretical assumptions. Results The five factors such as irritability, anxiety, dysthymic, cyclothymic, and hyperthymic temperaments with a total of 35 items showed acceptable Cronbach’s alpha 0.63, 0.63, 0.66, 0.6, and 0.6, respectively. Anxious-dysthymic and anxious-irritability pairs showed the highest Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.4. Female subjects scored significantly more on the dysthymic, anxiety, and irritability temperaments and less on the cyclothymic temperament. The subscales of the short Persian version showed satisfactory Pearson’s correlation coefficients between 0.48 and 0.78 with similar subscales from the Persian translation of 110-item TEMPS-A. Conclusion The 35-item Persian version of the TEMPS-A demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and sufficient correlation with the original version, and hence, can be conveniently used for the temperament studies of individuals using Persian language.  }, Keywords = {Temperament, Mood disorders, Psychometrics, Iran}, volume = {24}, Number = {1}, pages = {92-107}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.24.1.92}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2665-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2665-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Dobson, Keith Stephe}, title = {Globalization and the Cognitive-behavioral Therapies}, abstract ={There is little doubt that the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies (CBTs) have become one of the primary approaches to mental health in the world. There is a large database that supports the efficacy of the CBTs for a range of disorders [1], and some authors have gone so far to declare the CBTs the “gold standard” for specific disorders [2]. In addition, while many of the CBT models were first developed in Western countries, they have now been culturally adapted and for promoted for widespread global use [3]. The promotion of the CBTs and their global growth has happened in the absence of much strategy or systemic planning. There have been regional CBT conferences, and notably those of the European Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies (EACBT), as well as global conferences on a tri-annual basis offered by each of the World Congress Committee and the International Association of Cognitive Psychotherapies. Unfortunately, the World Congress Committee is only a loose agreement among several partners to hold a world congress (the next in Berlin, Germany, in June, 2019; see http://www.wcbct2019.org). There has been no truly global organization that represents the wide range of contemporary approaches to CBT. It is the hope of this working group that a new global entity will soon emerge. The World Confederation of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies (WCBCT; a working title) is envisioned as a global organization of organizations. Its proposed structure would include representation from different regional CBT organizations (e.g. EABCT, the Asian Association of CBT, the Latin American Association of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies- ALAMOC), which in turn represent a large number of national CBT organizations within their geographical area. There has been a working group of members, including the current author, who have been developing a proposal and getting response from regional organizations. Our hope is that the new WCBCT can officially start its activities as of the World Congress in 2019. The WCBCT will support the development of CBT worldwide. There are a number of countries that do not yet have a national CBT organization, so the early goal is to promote this development where it makes sense. It is hoped that once enough national organizations exist in Africa, for example, An African Association of CBT might also form there. The WCBCT can also facilitate the development of the CBTs as a scientific discipline and professional activity across the world. The intention is to develop a website with connections to studies and experts who can facilitate the training of professionals and delivery of services. In doing so, the WCBCT hopes to become an effective agent to help develop and disseminate the CBTs. The notion is that all variations and models of CBT will be captured with the regional structure of the WCBCT, and so the confederation can foster effective working alliances among countries to maximize a focus on research, training, clinical practice, and dissemination of CBT. In case of success, the World Confederation will be able to work with other governmental and non-governmental organizations, such as the World Health Organization, UNESCO or the Red Cross/ Green Crescent. It is easy to imagine a global alliance of CBT clinicians who are prepared to share resources, conduct training, or respond directly to global disasters. In a world that is “getting smaller” due to global communications, available travel and international effects such as global warning, there is an urgent need for effective leadership and communication. Indeed, there is even a role for cognitive-behavioral principles and processes in international negotiations themselves [4]. Therefore this Organizing Committee hopes that the WCBCT will become an effective voice for the CBTs and evidence-based therapies in general, and as a consequence improve the lives of citizens in all parts of the world.    }, Keywords = {Globalization, Cognitive-behavioral Therapies}, volume = {24}, Number = {2}, pages = {118-123}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.2.118}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2802-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2802-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Bolhari, Jafar and Amiri, Tina and KarimiKeisomi, Isa and MohseniKabir, Masoome}, title = {Domestic Violence Prevention Advocacy Program: A Pilot Study in Tehran Urban Area}, abstract ={Objectives This study was undertaken with the aim of delivering/implementing safety promotion and domestic violence prevention advocacy program in organizations, institutions and also individuals’ coverage by West Tehran Health Center. Methods This study is an action/operational research and a pilot study undertaken with both quantitative and qualitative research method approach. It is a community-based intervention and Health System Research (HSR). The samples of the pilot study were selected from the key stakeholders including relevant institutions or organizations and their staffs working on domestic violence prevention, together with domestic violence affected married women (victims) in neighborhood were 9 from Tehran. Instruments applied in this study included monitoring and evaluation questionnaire, interview, observation, amount of distribution of educational resources, written documents, meeting reports and staff reports. Results Most of the stakeholders/institutions and organizations supported and have effective collaboration in implementation of safety promotion and domestic violence prevention advocacy program. Other key findings of this study are as follows: Failure in achieving many individual and organizational responsibilities; discontinuing support/helping to battered women; bureaucratic barriers and inefficiency of some organizations; and lack of program/action plan, budget and planning for domestic violence prevention in all organizations except West Tehran Health Center which is supported by Ministry of Health. Conclusion Advocacy program offered in draft of national policy on safety and domestic violence prevention, is acceptable, based on evidence, and is functional in this urban area. However, this study recommends that there is a highly critical need for a strategic decision making and planning at national level considering sufficient administrative authority and budget for supporting victims of domestic violence.  }, Keywords = {Advocacy, Domestic violence, Spouse abuse}, volume = {24}, Number = {2}, pages = {124-135}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.2.124}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2737-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2737-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MahmoodAliloo, Majid and HashemiNosratabad, Tooraj and KarimpourVazifehkhorani, Alirez}, title = {The Role of Impulsivity, Sensitivity to Reward and Anhedonia in Distinction People With Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder From Ordinary People}, abstract ={Objectives The aim of this study is to determine the role of impulsivity, sensitivity to reward and also anhedonia in distinction People with symptoms of borderline personality disorder from normal people. Methods This study uses both the descriptive and correlative method. The sampling method was sampling and targeting type. The samples comprised of students from Tabriz University (2016-2017 academic year), initial 200 candidates for screening and subsequent 80 candidates for target sampling. In the first step of this study, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) was used for screening followed by Balloon Analogue Risk Task for measuring the impulsivity and resistance variable as sensitivity to reward and the Snaith-Hamilton scale of pleasure is used to measure anhedonia variable. Results It was illustrated broadly that the impulsivity variable, with 0.61 ratio, has the most important role in the Detection function. The resistance variable towards earning rewards with a 0.47 ratio occupies second place in the Detection function; the anhedonia variable occupied the third place in the Detection function with a ratio of 0.42. Conclusion Reward deficiency syndrome can be considered as a fundamental pathological symptom of impulsivity and anhedonia in borderline personality disorder BPD. The poor functioning of the brain’s rewards system is a deprivation of sensory mechanisms in people affected with BPD, that led to anhedonia and low arousal and finally impulsivity.  }, Keywords = {Reward sensitivity, Anhedonia, Impulsivity, Reward deficiency syndrome, Sub-threshold borderline personality}, volume = {24}, Number = {2}, pages = {136-147}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.2.136}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2781-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2781-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Pourshahriar, Hossein and Alizade, Hossein and Rajaeinia, Kazem}, title = {Childhood Emotional Abuse and Borderline Personality Disorder Features: The Mediating Roles of Attachment Style and Emotion Regulation}, abstract ={Objectives  This study aimed to evaluate the mediating role of attachment styles and emotional regulation in the relationship of childhood emotional abuse and borderline personality disorder features. Methods In a descriptive-correlational study, a sample of 312 students of Shahid Beheshti University was selected using cluster sampling method. Participants responded to the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS). Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) of Path Analysis type. Results  Evaluation of the hypothesized model showed that this model has suitable fitness indices. Results showed that anxious attachment style and difficulties in emotion regulation can predict borderline personality disorder feature in full mediation. Conclusion The result, supporting theoretical model for borderline personality disorder, proposes a suitable framework for etiology of the disorder.}, Keywords = {Attachment styles, Borderline personality disorder, Emotion regulation, Emotional abuse, Structural equation modeling}, volume = {24}, Number = {2}, pages = {148-163}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.2.148}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2814-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2814-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {SohrabzadehFard, Amin and HakimShooshtari, Mitra and Alibaba, Sahar}, title = {Comparison of Psychopathology and Personality Traits in Three Groups of Mothers of Children With Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Healthy Group}, abstract ={Objectives The aim of the study was to compare personality traits and psychopathology in three groups of mothers of children with Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and healthy group. Methods This research was designed as a cross-sectional descriptive study. Participants were comprised of 93 mothers (35 in anxiety group, 27 in obsessive group, and 31 in healthy group) which were selected by available sampling. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID-I) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-60) were administrated to measure the study variables. Results Results indicated that there is a significant difference (P<0.001) in the psychopathology of mothers under anxiety, obsession and healthy groups; however, this significant difference was not found between mothers in anxiety and obsession groups. Results also indicated a significant difference in mean scores of mothers in healthy group and mothers in anxiety and obsession groups especially neuroticism and openness to experience traits. Analysis of variance post hoc test showed that extraversion and openness to experience traits were significantly different in mothers of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder as compared to mothers of children with anxiety disorders and healthy group. Conclusion With reference to, psychopathology and neuroticism trait, findings showed that significant difference between mothers in anxiety and obsession group and mothers in healthy group. Thus, results of this study marked that considering parent’s psychopathology in prevention and treatment of anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders in children may be of great importance.  }, Keywords = {Mothers, Children, Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Psychopathology, Personality}, volume = {24}, Number = {2}, pages = {164-175}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.2.164}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2756-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2756-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Amarloo, Parvaneh and Shareh, Hossei}, title = {Social Support, Responsibility, and Organizational Procrastination: A Mediator Role for Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction}, abstract ={Objectives This study examined basic psychological needs satisfaction (i.e. the need for autonomy, competence and relatedness) as a mediator between social support, responsibility and organizational procrastination among school counselors. Methods A descriptive correlational study design was used. Using the census method, all the school counselors of Sabzevar were selected. The subjects completed the Vaux Social Support Appraisals Scale (SS-A), Tuckman Procrastination Scale (TPS), responsibility subscale of the California Personality Inventory (CPI) and the Basic Needs Satisfaction in Relationships Scale. Results There is a statistically significant negative relationship between components of social support and organizational procrastination (P<0.05). Structural equation modeling analysis indicates that satisfaction of basic psychological needs mediates the relationship between social support and organizational procrastination (P<0.05). The mediator role of basic psychological needs satisfaction in the relationship between responsibility and organizational procrastination was not confirmed.  Conclusion Basic psychological needs satisfaction play a significant mediating role in the relationship between social support and organizational procrastination of the school counselors.  }, Keywords = {Need, Social support, Responsibility, Procrastination}, volume = {24}, Number = {2}, pages = {176-189}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.2.176}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2723-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2723-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Yousefi, Rahim and Imanzad, Ays}, title = {Validating the Dark Tetrad Personality Model}, abstract ={Objectives Dark tetrad personality traits model is a new formulation of maladaptive personality that was introduced after dark triad personality and has added sadism component to Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy constellation. The current research aimed to study the validity of Dark tetrad personality traits model among Iranian population. Methods This cross-sectional study was implemented on 500 undergraduate university students in the academic year 2016-17. Samples were selected using stratified sampling method and were assessed by Dirty Dozen Scale and Short Sadistic Impulse Scale (SSIS). Results Test of construct validity of Dark tetrad personality traits model used for confirmatory factor analysis showed that it had a good fitness to data. Also, test-retest correlation coefficients for the total scale and its subscales ranged from 0.76 to 0.84. Internal consistency for the total scale and its subscales ranged from 0.68 to 0.88. Conclusion Dark tetrad personality traits model is confirmed among Iranian sample and has a good fitness to data.  }, Keywords = {Dark tetrad, Personality, Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy, Sadism}, volume = {24}, Number = {2}, pages = {190-201}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.2.190}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2768-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2768-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MahmoodAliloo, Majid and Bakhshipour, Abbas and Matinpour, Bahm}, title = {The Role of Spontaneous Mind-Wandering and Dispositional Mindfulness in Predicting Obsession Symptoms in the College Students}, abstract ={Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the role of spontaneous or deliberate mind-wandering and dispositional mindfulness in predicting the obsession symptoms in college students. Methods In a descriptive, correlated and tentative research, 391 students of Tabriz University were chosen and included in the inquiry via the available sampling method. The data were gathered using the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), Mind Wandering Spontaneous (MW-S), Mind Wandering Deliberate (MW-D) self-report scales and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Pearson correlation-coefficient method and multiple regression were used to analyze the data simultaneously. Results Correlation results showed that the deliberate mind wandering (r=0.19, P=0.05) and spontaneous mind wandering (r=0.64, P=0.01) have positive and direct relationship with obsession symptoms, while the components of mindfulness, the components of observation (r=0.11, P=0.05 ،acting with awareness (r=-0.41, P=0.01), disrespect to inner experience(r=-0.50, P=0.01) and lack of reaction to inner experience(r=-0.61, P=0.01) have a negative and reverse relationship with obsession. The results from the concurrent regression analysis shows that from mind wandering components only spontaneous mind wandering variable (P<0.01, β=0.51)and from mindfulness components, only act with awareness, non-judgmental orientation to one’s present experience and non-reactive orientation to one’s present experience(β=-0.20, β=-0.22, β=-0.41)can predict obsession symptoms. Conclusion The findings of this research emphasized the role of spontaneous mind wandering and components of acting with awareness, non-judgmental orientation to one’s present experience and non-reactive orientation to one’s present experience in predicting obsession symptoms in the college students. These findings will be beneficial in explaining obsession symptoms and their etiology in the college students.  }, Keywords = {Obsession symptoms, Spontaneous and deliberate mind-wandering, Dispositional mindfulness}, volume = {24}, Number = {2}, pages = {202-215}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.2.202}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2752-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2752-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {rajabi, gholamreza and Zolmajd, Zahr}, title = {Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Family Empowerment Scale}, abstract ={Objectives The aim of the current research was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Family Empowerment Scale in families with children suffering from hyperactivity/attention deficit, autism spectrum and specific learning disorders. Methods A total of 210 parents of exceptional children with the training settings from educational region 1 and 2 in Ahvaz city were selected using based-purpose and voluntary sampling method and responded to the Family Empowerment and Marital Satisfaction scales. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and statistical software SPSS-21. Results The findings revealed that the scale consisted of three factors - empowerment with respect to family system, service system and social/politics system. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients obtained 0.94 for the whole scale and ranged from 0.91 to 0.93 for the three factors, test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.86 and showed the convergent validity coefficient of 0.31 (P<0.001) between the current scale and the Marital Satisfaction Scale. Conclusion According to the results from this scale it can be used as an appropriate tool for measuring the ability of the parents to give services to their children with hyperactivity/attention deficit, autism spectrum and specific learning in exceptional rehabilitation settings and for identifying and explaining antecedents and consequences of this type of disorders.  }, Keywords = {Psychometric, Empowerment, Family, Hyperactivity/attention deficit, Autism spectrum, Specific Learning}, volume = {24}, Number = {2}, pages = {216-229}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.2.216}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2782-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2782-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Beheshti, Negar and Zemestani, Mehdi and Rezaei, Farzi}, title = {Comparing The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Focused on Intolerance of Uncertainty and Pharmacotherapy on Worry, Intolerance of Uncertainty, and Cognitive Avoidance in Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder}, abstract ={Objectives Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a highly prevalent distressing condition for individuals in both community and healthcare staff. In this regard, lack of effective psychological and medical treatments can impose a high cost on the family and society. Methods A total of 22 female patients with GAD after primary clinical evaluation and qualifying conditions were selected and divided into two therapeutic groups; first group CBT-IU (Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy focused on Intolerance of Uncertainty) (N=12) were selected through convenient sampling method, and second group pharmacotherapy (N=12) were selected through purposeful sampling method. The first group (CBT-IU) received 12 individual weekly treatment sessions and the second group under the supervision of a psychiatrist was treated with anti-anxiety medicines (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors). All subjects completed the pretest and post-test questionnaires of Pennsylvania worry questionnaire, intolerance of uncertainty scale, and cognitive avoidance questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Results Results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy focused on intolerance of uncertainty, was more effective than pharmacotherapy on worry, intolerance of uncertainty, and cognitive avoidance.  Conclusion Since CBT-IU focuses on cognitive components (worry, intolerance of ambiguity and cognitive avoidance) and selected tools also measures most of the components associated with the intervention performed for this group,  the more effectiveness of this treatment on the studied variables is justified compared to pharmacotherapy. Due to the effect of CBT-IU on cognitive components of patients with GAD, these results have practical implications for clinicians involved in medical centers. }, Keywords = {Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Cognitive-behavioral therapy focusing on intolerance of uncertainty, Pharmacotherapy, Intolerance of uncertainty, Cognitive avoidance}, volume = {24}, Number = {3}, pages = {240-255}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.3.240}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2784-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2784-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Aghakhani, Sanaz and Bahari, Farsh}, title = {The Effectiveness of Nerve Planning Group-Languages Cognitive Expectancy and Quality of Life for Children With Cancer}, abstract ={Objectives This study aimed to examine the effect of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) on the hope and quality of life in children with cancer.  Methods The study design is quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, follow-up and control group. Study population consisted of children (male and female) with cancer at AminrKabir Hospital and Tabassom Cancer Support Community in 2016 who applied for NLP training and were under treatment. Of these, 40 were selected by random sampling, and assigned to NLP and control groups. The data collection tools were Children's Hope Scale (CHS) and Generic Children’s Quality of Life (GCQ) questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and dependent t test in SPSS V. 22.  Results Results showed that NLP training had significant effect on the hope and quality of life, and could predict 40% and 70% of variance for hope and quality of life in children with cancer, respectively.  Conclusion According to the findings of this study, NLP training increased the quality of life and hope in children with cancer.}, Keywords = {Neuro-Linguistic programming, Hope, Quality of Life, Cancer Children}, volume = {24}, Number = {3}, pages = {256-269}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.3.256}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2803-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2803-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nikbakht, Ali and Neshat-Doost, Hamid Taher and Mehrabi, Hosseinali}, title = {Comparison of None-attendance Interventions Methods of Standardized Cognitive Bias Modification, Cognitive Bias Modification Based on Self-generation and Cognitive-Behavior Training on Depressed Students}, abstract ={Objectives A recent method that modifies the intrusive memories is cognitive bias modification. This study aimed to investigate and compare the three none-attendance therapies of standardized cognitive bias modification, cognitive bias modification based self-generation and cognitive-behavior training. Methods According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 51 participants were selected via purposive sampling method. Then, they were randomly assigned to either of three groups: standardized cognitive bias modification, self-generation, and cognitive-behavioral training groups. Questionnaires and scales related to mood, interpretation bias, memory bias, positive and negative emotions, and inappropriate attitudes were used as the research instruments. Results Results indicate that all three treatment methods are effective (P<0.01). But, the three groups had no significant differences in mood-related variables (depression signs, mood, positive and negative affect). Regarding the cognitive variables (interpretation bias, positive and negative memory bias, dysfunctional attitudes), interventions were effective, and the groups exhibited significant differences (P<0.01). Conclusion Standardized cognitive bias modification and self-generation through new 4-week procedures serve as effective methods for attenuating depression while improving the states of interpretation bias, inappropriate attitude, and memory.}, Keywords = {Cognitive bias modification, Positive imagery, Self-generation, Cognitive-behavior training, Depression}, volume = {24}, Number = {3}, pages = {270-283}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.3.270}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2778-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2778-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Kehtary, Leila and Heshmati, Rasool and PourSharifi, Hami}, title = {Investigating Structural Pattern of Depression Based on Experiential Avoidance and Emotional Repression: The Mediating Role of Self-Compassion}, abstract ={Objectives The current study aims to investigate the moderating role of self-compassion in the relationship among experiential avoidance and emotional repression with depression. Methods For the purpose of this study, 150 students from university of Tabriz were selected through convenience sampling method. Next, they were investigated in terms of self-compassion, emotional repression and depression. Beck depression inventory-II, self-compassion scale, emotion repression inventory, and experiential avoidance questionnaire were used as assessment tools. The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and path analysis. Results Based on the results, self-compassion has significant and negative correlation with depression (β=-0.75). Also emotional repression and experiential avoidance have positive and significant effect on self-compassion. Experiential avoidance and emotional repression have indirect effect on depression by self-compassion.  Conclusion Emotional repression; experiential avoidance and self-compassion are significant predictors of depression and default model has acceptable fitness in depression explanation. }, Keywords = {Depression, Self-compassion, Experiential avoidance, Emotional repression}, volume = {24}, Number = {3}, pages = {284-297}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.3.284}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2910-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2910-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {SalimiDehaghani, Narjes and Yousefi, Zahr}, title = {Multiple Relations Among Thought Control Strategies and Symptoms of Personality Disorders with Nightmare}, abstract ={Objectives Nightmare is one of the sleep problems among adolescents. This research aimed to examine multiple relations among thought control strategies and symptoms of personality disorders among female students in Shahreza City, Iran in 2015-2016.  Methods In this correlational study, the statistical population comprised all female students in pre-university schools and the sample was 300 girls that they were randomly selected from students list. The measurements were thought control strategies, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, and Nightmare Scale (2014). The obtained data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and stepwise regression in SPSS V. 21.  Results The results showed among thought control strategies, worry and among personality disorders, dependent and histrionic personality disorders have positive and significant relations with symptoms of nightmare but antisocial and narcissistic personality disorders have negative and significant relations with nightmare. Worry, histrionic, dependent and narcissistic personality disorders can predict nightmare.  Conclusion Based on the results, changes in worries, dependent, histrionic and narcissistic and antisocial personality disorders can predict nightmares.}, Keywords = {Thought control strategies, Personality disorder, Nightmare}, volume = {24}, Number = {3}, pages = {298-309}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.3.298}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2911-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2911-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Arghabaei, Mohammad and Soleimanian, Ali Akbar and Mohammadipour, Mohamm}, title = {The Role of Family Emotional Atmosphere, Sense of Coherence, and Affects in the Prediction of Tendency Toward Substance Use Among University Students}, abstract ={Objectives Tendency toward substance use is influenced by a range of individual, familial, and social factors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between family emotional atmosphere, sense of coherence, and affects with tendency toward substance use among university students.  Methods In this descriptive-correlative study, a total of 400 students (311 males and 89 females) were selected using multistage cluster sampling method from Shahid Beheshti Teacher Training University, Mashhad, Iran. Then they completed measures of parental-child interaction rating scale, sense of coherence scale, positive and negative affect scale, and tendency toward addiction scale. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation and backward multiple regression.  Results There were significant and negative relationships between subscales of family emotional atmosphere, sense of coherence, and positive affects with tendency toward substance use among students (P˂0.01). Moreover, negative affects were positively correlated with tendency toward substance use (r=0.48; P<0.01). Regression analysis also indicated that a positive family emotional atmosphere and sense of coherence were significant negative predictors of tendency toward substance use whereas negative affects were significant positive predictors. However, the role of positive affects in the prediction of tendency toward substance use was not significant.  Conclusion Addressing family problems, developing the sense of individual coherence, and instructing strategies to regulate negative emotions in prevention and intervention programs may help reduce tendency toward substance use among university students.}, Keywords = {Family atmosphere, Sense of coherence, Affects, Substance use, University students}, volume = {24}, Number = {3}, pages = {310-323}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.3.310}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2818-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2818-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Akbari-Zardkhaneh, Saeed and Shahvarani, Seyed Mohammad and Mansurkiaie, Nader and Zanganeh, Alimohammad and Jallalat-Danesh, Mohsen and Tahmasebi, Siyamak and Zareian, Masou}, title = {Psychometric Properties of Electronic Mental Health Assessment Device for High School Students: Teacher and Parent Form}, abstract ={Objectives To the importance of screening students’ mental health and lack of a customized tool based on prevalent psychopathological problems in students, the present study aims to develop and examine the psychometric properties of electronic mental health assessment device for high school students-parent form and teacher form.  Methods The study sample included 1697 teachers and 1186 parents of high school students of Alborz, Kermanshah, Eastern Azerbaijan, Sistan and Baluchistan, Fars, and Khorasan Razavi. Parent form and teacher form consisted of 118 and 133 items, respectively. Results Items analysis based on 8 criteria showed that all items of teacher form and parent form had proper qualification. Explanatory factor analysis showed that the most proper structure for teacher form and parent form are 6-factor structure and 5-factor structure, respectively. Internal consistency was sufficiently good and alpha coefficients were ranged between 0.77 and 0.97 for teacher form and between 0.85 and 0.92 for parent form.  Conclusion In general, psychometric properties of both scales indicate their suitability for screening and research.}, Keywords = {Electronic device, Factor analysis, Student’s mental health, Teacher form, Parent form}, volume = {24}, Number = {3}, pages = {324-339}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.3.324}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2819-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2819-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Sadr, Mohammad Mehrad and Hashemian, Seyed Sepehr and Khoshsima, Hanieh and Akhbari, Saharnaz}, title = {Reliability and Factor Structure of Social Paradigm Belief Inventory}, abstract ={Objectives This study aimed to investigate the factor structure and reliability of the Social Paradigm Belief Inventory (SPBI).  Methods A total of 381 students of Hakim Sabzevari University were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method and responded to SPBI in 2016. This research is descriptive with a validation method. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to investigate factor structure of the instrument, and Cronbach α and test-retest method were employed for examining the reliability.  Results Results of principal component with varimax rotation showed that 4-actorial and 6-factorial solutions explained 30% and 38% of whole variance, respectively. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 6-factorial solution was a better indication of the data than 4-factorial solutions and it better fits the data in Iran society. The Cronbach α value of the instrument was 0.7 and as for the subscales of the instrument, it varied from 0.54 to 0.71 and the correlation coefficient of test-retest was 0.72 that showed acceptable reliability for the instrument.  Conclusion Enjoying an acceptable reliability and fitting well with the data in Iran society make the 6-factor SPBI a suitable measure for determining adults’ cognitive development for screening or clinical purposes.}, Keywords = {Adult, Cognition, Factor analysis, Surveys and questionnaire, Students}, volume = {24}, Number = {3}, pages = {340-355}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.3.340}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2912-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2912-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shameli, Leila and MehrabizadehHonarmand, Mahnaz and Naa'mi, Abdozahra and Davodi, Ir}, title = {The Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Therapy on Emotion Regulation Styles and Severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Women With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder}, abstract ={Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effect of emotion-focused therapy on emotional regulation styles and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in women with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Methods The present study has a quasi-experimental design with pre-test-post-test and control group with follow-up. The statistical population included all women with OCD referring to clinics and counseling centers of Ahvaz City, Iran. In order to select the eligible samples, 30 women were recruited from the patients referred to the treatment centers by convenience sampling method, but some of them were excluded due to discontinuation of treatment sessions. Finally, a sample of 24 patients were evaluated in experimental group (12 subjects) and control group (12 subjects). To collect data, we used the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale and affective styles questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using covariance analysis in SPSS V. 22. Results Multivariate ANOVA test results showed that there was significant difference between test and study groups in terms of concealing style (10.0≥P, 07.7=F) and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (100.0≥P, 84.02=F) after intervention. Moreover, between female patients in both group, a significant difference was found with respect to concealing style (50.0≥P, 06.2=F) and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (100.0≥P, 99.92=F) during follow-up period. Conclusion Based on the results, emotion-focused therapy is an effective treatment to reduce the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with OCD.}, Keywords = {Emotion-focused therapy, Emotion regulation styles, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms}, volume = {24}, Number = {4}, pages = {356-369}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.4.456}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2828-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2828-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {RazavizadehTabadkan, Bi Bi Zohreh and Jajarmi, Mahmoud and Vakili, Yaghoob}, title = {The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Ruminative Thoughts, Perceived Stress and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation of Women With Type 2 Diabetes}, abstract ={Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on ruminative thoughts, perceived stress and difficulties in emotion regulation of women with type 2 diabetes.  Methods This quasi-experimental study was carried out using pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a one-step follow-up. Out of all patients with type 2 diabetes and members of the Public Sports Organization of North Khorasan Province, Iran in 2016, 30 individuals were selected via convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Patients of the experimental group participated in eight 120-minute sessions once per week of MBCT. The study data were obtained by using ruminative responses scale, perceived stress scale and difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Results Results of analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated that MBCT leads to significant decrease in ruminative thoughts (P≥0.01) and difficulties in emotion regulation expect for the knowledge subscale (P≥0.01) in the follow up and in perceived stress (P≥0.01) in post-test. Conclusion Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy decreases the ruminative thoughts, difficulties in emotion regulation and perceived stress in women with type 2 diabetes.}, Keywords = {Mindfulness, Rumination, Perceived stress, Difficulties in emotion regulation, Diabetes mellitus type 2}, volume = {24}, Number = {4}, pages = {370-383}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.4.370}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2796-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2796-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Shareh, Hossein and EshaghiSani, Maryam}, title = {Predictive Role of Morningness-Eveningness Personality, Cognitive Flexibility and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Marital Satisfaction in Middle-Aged Women}, abstract ={Objectives Recent evidence suggests the effective role of physiological, cognitive and emotional factors in the quality of couple relationships. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between morningness-eveningness personality, Cognitive Flexibility (CF) and Cognitive Rmotion Regulation (CER) with marital satisfaction in middle-aged women. Methods The research method was correlational. Statistical population included all middle-aged married women (40-60 years old) living in Mashhad City, Iran. District 1 was randomly selected as the sample area and 211 women in this district were selected using systematic sampling method. Each participant completed Enrich marital satisfaction scale, cognitive flexibility inventory, morningness-eveningness questionnaire and short form of cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. Results Multivariate regression results indicated that alternatives option perception, control perception and total score of cognitive flexibility positively predicts marital satisfaction (P<0.001). Furthermore, the role of a morningness-eveningness personality in predicting marital satisfaction was significant in a way that high scores in morningness matched with high scores in marital satisfaction (P<0.001). The results also indicated that self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, and blame of others negatively (P<0.001), acceptance and perspective-taking positively predict marital satisfaction (P<0.05). Conclusion The findings of this study, while expanding the literature of the research, highlight the physiological, cognitive and emotional characteristics of marital satisfaction in enrichment programs and premarital counseling.}, Keywords = {Marital satisfaction, Flexibility, Cognition, Emotion, Morningness-eveningness}, volume = {24}, Number = {4}, pages = {384-399}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.4.384}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2776-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2776-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Abdolpour, Ghasem and Nasiri, Mohammad and Mafakheri, Mehrab and Mansouri, Kamyar and Abdi, Rez}, title = {Structural Equation Modeling of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Symptoms of Depression and General Anxiety Disorder: Investigation of the Mediating Role of Rumination}, abstract ={Objectives Generalized anxiety disorder and depression, one of the common problems in childhood and adulthood is associated with many problems in the field of health. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of rumination in the relationship among Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) and symptoms of depression and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Methods In this descriptive correlational study, a sample of 250 students from Iran University of Medical Sciences were selected using cluster sampling method. The participants responded to intolerance of uncertainty scale and rumination scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire Inventory-revised (GAD-Q-IV), and Beck depression inventory. The obtained data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). For statistical analysis, SPSS V. 22 and LISREL 85.9 were used to classify, process, and analyze the data and to investigate the hypotheses of the research. Results The evaluation of hypothetical model with fit indexes demonstrated that the hypothetical model fits the measurement model (CFI=0.98, NFI=0.96, and RMSEA=0.060). Structural relations analysis also indicated intolerance of uncertainty indirectly through rumination over depression and directly and indirectly general anxiety disorder. Conclusion Thus, based on the current research findings, rumination has a mediating role in relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and symptoms of depression and general anxiety disorder. Considering these dimensions, the employed mechanisms can be useful in developing efficacious preventive and therapeutic interventions for depression.}, Keywords = {Intolerance of Uncertainty, Rumination, Depression, Anxiety disorder, Structural Equation Modeling}, volume = {24}, Number = {4}, pages = {400-415}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.4.400}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2822-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2822-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Ghorashi, Zohreh and Loripoor, Marzeyeh and Lotfipur-Rafsanjani, Seyede Maryam}, title = {Mobile Access and Sexting Prevalence in High School Students in Rafsanjan City, Iran in 2015}, abstract ={Objectives Advances in the electronic communication technologies, despite a lot of benefits, have exposed the youth to some threats such as sexting. This study aimed to determine the youth access to mobile phone and the prevalence of sexting in high school students in Rafsanjan City, Iran. Methods The study was a cross-sectional local survey of 944 high school students in Rafsanjan using stratified cluster sampling method. The survey tool was a questionnaire of texting and sexting quantity and quality. The obtained data entered the SPSS V. 16 and analyzed using Chi square and t-test. Results Out of 994 samples, 10.9% did not access to mobile phone. About 62.7% of samples had smart phones and internet access via mobile phones. In last six months, 34.7% of samples had sent sext and 15.7% had received sext. There was a statistical significant relationship between sending (P<0.0001) and receiving sext (P<0.0001) and the total number of texting per day. Conclusion Iranian youths have a wide access to mobile phones and sexting is prevalent among them. Such situation would expose them to threats and dangers in sexual interactions and calls for parents’ supervision and plan for parenting education.}, Keywords = {Students, Text messaging, Sexting}, volume = {24}, Number = {4}, pages = {416-425}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.4.416}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2744-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2744-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mansoori, Sima and Mozaffar, Farhang and Noroozian, Maryam and Faizi, Mohsen and Ashayeri, Hass}, title = {Relationship Between Neuropsychological and Physical Environmental Perception in Patients With Dementia and Alzheimer Disease}, abstract ={Objectives The current study examines the features of the physical environment affecting environmental perception and tries to explain paradigm of architecture based on the neuropsychological features. This paper investigates the relationship between the two aspects of the physical and neuropsychological environment in the patients with dementia Alzheimer’s type in order to meet the needs of the mental processes (sensation, perception, memory, and the organization of targeted behavior and adaptation to the environment for executive functions). Methods This study was conducted by inductive content analysis method based on 9 semi-structured interviews and inductive content analysis from related literature.  Results Environmental perception was found as category based on two inductive content analyses. Moreover, 28 concepts of first level concepts (coding) and three concepts of “indifference to the elements in the physical environment”, “willingness to attend familiar places” and “stressors in unfamiliar places” as subcategories were obtained from semi-structured interviews.  Conclusion Explaining the features of the physical environment combined with neuropsychological environment can play a significant role in creating the habitat, care and treatment environment of these patients. Therefore, the sensory cue of the environment is effective in reducing behavioral disorders. Also, the perception of a more powerful environment means a greater interaction between these two dimensions of the environment.}, Keywords = {Perception, Physical environment, Dementia, Alzheimer disease, Neuropsychology}, volume = {24}, Number = {4}, pages = {426-443}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.4.426}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2820-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2820-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Amiri, Sohrab and BabaeiNadilyu, Karim and Ghasemzade, Mahdi}, title = {Reliability, Validity, and Factor Structure of the Persian Version of the Children Reinforcement Sensitivity Scale}, abstract ={Objectives The revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) has a decisive role in the different dimensions of behavior, emotions, personality and pathology of children. The goal of this research was to validate RST in children. Methods The research is descriptive correlational. The statistical population included all school children in Hamedan City, Iran in 2018 academic year. Study participants included 417 children selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Then RST, positive and negative affect and depression anxiety stress scales were distributed among them to respond. The reliability was assessed by alpha coefficient, test-retest and split-half coefficient, and validity was assessed with other questionnaires to determine the psychometric properties of RST. The confirmatory factor structure was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis. Results Factor analysis indicated that RST has 3 factors and checking the validity of the inventory using Cronbach alpha, respectively for the factor fight-flight system, behavioral activation system, behavioral inhibition system (0.75, 0.76, 0.68) test-retest (0.48, 0.56, 0.61) and split-half coefficient (0.56, 0.51, 0.61) reflects the stability of the scale. The criterion validity of RST with other questionnaires indicated desirable discriminant and convergence validity (P<0.05).  Conclusion Overall, the findings indicate that RST has good psychometric properties in children, and can be used in studies in normal population. However, it seems that RST subscales has a low internal consistency in Iranian children in comparison with the original version. }, Keywords = {Reinforcement sensitivity, Factor structure, Validity, Reliability}, volume = {24}, Number = {4}, pages = {444-457}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.4.444}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2838-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2838-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Ghahari, Shahrbanoo and Khademolreza, Noushi}, title = {Spouse Abuse in Iran: Where Are We Today?}, abstract ={Spousal abuse is a significant social problem. Spousal abuse includes four types of violent behavior that occur between two people in an intimate relationship: physical abuse; sexual abuse; and emotional abuse. Spousal abuse as a social and health problem is accompanied with numerous negative physical and psychological outcomes. Such problems require prevention, thus many countries such as Iran have designed preventive intervention programs.}, Keywords = {Spouse abuse, Domestic violence, Preventive interventions, Women}, volume = {24}, Number = {4}, pages = {458-462}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.32598/ijpcp.24.4.458}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2829-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2829-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2019} }