@article{ author = {Memaryan, Nadereh}, title = {Spirituality in Mental Health Services}, abstract ={Spirituality is the sublime aspect of human existence bestowed on all humans to traverse the path of transcendence which is closest to God. Despite many studies in this field, no evidence supports their contribution in treatment and care programs of the mental health system. Simple trainings in the” spirituality and health” can certainly affect our mental health services.  }, Keywords = {Spirituality, Mental Health, human existence}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {6-9}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.18869/nirp.ijpcp.23.1.6}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2590-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2590-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mousavi, Elnaz and Gharraee, Banafsheh and RamazaniFarani, Abas and Taremian, Farh}, title = {Comparison of Cognitive Errors and Rumination in Obsessive-Compulsive and Social Phobia Disorders}, abstract ={Objectives The present research was conducted to compare cognitive errors and rumination in patients with obsessive–compulsive and social phobia disorders. Methods The research design was cross-sectional post event descriptive survey. The research participants included 30 patients with social phobia disorder and 30 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who were aged between 15 and 50 years in Zanjan city, who were available    samples.  They were selected on the basis of psychiatrist diagnosis and structured diagnostic interviews (SCID-I) and (SCID-II), and the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cognitive errors questionnaire and ruminative response style questionnaire were used to measure the variables. Results The results, analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance, indicated that there is a significant difference with regard to the components of cognitive error between the patients belonging to the two groups (obsessive–compulsive and social phobia disorders )(P≤0.05). There was no significant difference between the mean scores of rumination components in groups’ P≤0.05 level. Conclusion According to the research findings, cognitive errors and rumination play important roles in obsessive–compulsive and social phobia disorders as experienced by both the groups. However, the patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder had more cognitive errors compared to the patients with social phobia disorder. The results confirm the equal role of rumination in the psychopathology of these two groups.}, Keywords = {Obsessive compulsive disorder, Social phobia disorder, Cognitive errors, Rumination}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {10-21}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.18869/nirp.ijpcp.23.1.10}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2390-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2390-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Babaei, Shirzad and Asgharnejadfarid, Aliasghar and Lavasani, Fahimeh and Birashk, Behrooz}, title = {Comparing Impulse Control and Emotional Regulation in Patients With and Without Food Addiction}, abstract ={Objectives This study examined the variables of impulse control and emotional regulation in patients with food addiction compared to the control group. Methods The study was cross-sectional, and the sample was composed of men. Thirty patients admitted to a clinic for food addiction were part of the research group, and another 30 persons were part of the control group. Semi-structured interviews were used for screening the participants. The Yale Food Addiction Scale was used for diagnosis and research groups, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and Graz Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale were used to assess impulse control and emotional regulation, respectively. To evaluate each variable, multivariate analysis of variance was conducted. Results The findings demonstrated that patients had statistically achieved the lowest scores in all aspects of food addiction, impulse control and emotional regulation compared with the control group. Conclusion Patients with food addiction had high impulsivity and lower emotion regulation compared to the control group. Thus, it can be inferred that impaired impulse control and emotional regulation are important factors in the formation and persistence of addictions.  }, Keywords = {Food addiction, Impulse control, Emotional regulation}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {22-37}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.18869/nirp.ijpcp.23.1.22}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2435-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2435-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Dasarband, Bita and Panaghi, Leili and Mootabi, Fereshte}, title = {Relationship Between Spouse Abuse and Depressive Symptoms in Women: The Moderating Role of Personality Characteristics}, abstract ={Objectives Spouse abuse against women is the most prevalent type of family violence, and its harmful consequences threaten both women’s health and their well-being in family and society. It is very important to find the factors that eliminate these deleterious effects and protect women’s health. The aim of this study was to explore the moderator effect of personality characteristics in the relationship between spouse abuse and symptoms of depression among women. Methods For this purpose, 300 married women were provided with questionnaires measuring spouse abuse, depression symptoms (Beck depression inventory) and personality characteristics (NEO-FFI). Results According to the results, depressive symptoms in women were correlated with spouse abuse. Agreeableness was found to serve as a moderator between spouse abuse and depressive symptoms. Conclusion From these findings, one can conclude that women who experience spouse abuse suffer from depressive symptoms. The battered women who were more agreeable experience less depressive symptoms.  }, Keywords = {Depression, Personality characteristics, Spouse abuse}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {38-49}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.18869/nirp.ijpcp.23.1.38}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2485-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2485-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {NasrEsfahani, Mehdi and AttariMoghadam, Jafar}, title = {Development of the Draft of Law (Mental Health Act)}, abstract ={Objectives Mental health acts have been developed in different countries to protect human and civil rights of people with psychiatric disorders. In Iran, although there are some scattered laws within the existing body of laws, there is no separate mental health act. The aim of the present project was to prepare a draft pertaining to the mental health act in the country. Methods The draft of the mental health act was developed over three stages. In the first stage, the authors reviewed the existing literature on domestic and foreign codified laws. Thereafter, the selection procedure of one mental health act, which seemed more complete and thorough as a model and guide, took place. Then, various issues were discussed from different vantage points in group sessions; and finally, keeping in mind the cultural aspects, the first draft of the act was prepared. The draft was sent to a number of mental health experts, organizations, governmental and non-governmental institutions, and their views were summarized and categorized. Following that, the disputed issues were presented at a national workshop in which various experts and stakeholders participated. Their opinions were summed up and the initial draft was finalized. In the second stage, at the Center for Ethics and History of Medicine, where a number of lawyers participated, the draft was converted into the form of legal codes (articles) and like the first stage, the opinions of legal experts, judicial authorities and a large number of universities, governmental and non-governmental organizations were obtained. In order to make the final decision, the conflicting views were addressed at a second national workshop, where the final corrections were made, and the draft spanning 10 chapters and 112 articles was prepared. In the third stage, considering the suggestion of the legal office of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, the prepared text was revised and the draft was condensed into 50 articles. Results The first draft of the mental health act was developed over 8 years and included six chapters and 50 articles. The draft includes chapters on Definitions, Hospitalization, Involuntary Treatment, Special Treatment Methods, special groups, and other provisions.}, Keywords = {Mental health act, Iran, Involuntary hospitalization, Criminal patient, Guardianship}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {50-67}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.18869/nirp.ijpcp.23.1.50}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2507-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2507-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mohammadzadeh, Ali and Ashouri, Ahm}, title = {The Study of Some Religious Correlates of Death Depression Among University Students}, abstract ={Objectives Death depression consists of death despair, death loneliness,death sadness, death dread, and death finality. The present study was carried out with the aim of investigating some religious correlates of death depression. Methods In this descriptive analytical study, a sample of 347 participants was selected using stratified sampling method. The participants responded to death obsession, acting on religious beliefs, religious coping, and attachment to God Scales. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results Among the religious variables, insecure attachment to God and negative religious coping showed high contribution in predicting death depression. Conclusion When the participants faced real-life events, those who used negative coping strategies experienced higher death depression. In addition, those who considered God Asa source of punishment rather thana source of love and remained doubtful and anxious in accepting God as a secure base showed higher death depression.  }, Keywords = {Research anxiety, Student, Validation}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {68-77}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.18869/nirp.ijpcp.23.1.68}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2432-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2432-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {GholamiBooreng, Fatemeh and Mahram, Behrooz and Kareshki, Hossei}, title = {Construction and Validation of a Scale of Research Anxiety for Students}, abstract ={Objectives The aim of this study was to design and validate a scale of research anxiety for students at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Methods The correlation method was used in this study. The population consisted of MA students at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in the academic year 2014-15. The prepared scales were analyzed in two stages: preliminary and final stages. In the preliminary stage, the scale was implemented on 100 students selected via convenient sampling, and in the final stage, the tool was implemented on 400 students selected via quota sampling method based on gender and field of study. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results The results showed that the factor analysis using varimax rotation supported only one factor, and 40 items were selected on each phrase for at least 0.3 loadings. The validity of the scale was obtained with the help of the judgment of experts, convergent-divergent validity, and factor analysis. Scale converging-diverging validity done of correlation with the Spielberger State-Trait anxiety (STAI) and Cooper Smith self-esteem. The results showed negative relation (- 63.0) between self-esteem and research anxiety and a strong positive correlation (0.650) between Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety and research anxiety. Scale reliability was 0.87 via Cronbach's alpha and 0.76 via re-test after seven days. Conclusion The results showed that research anxiety scale has acceptable reliability and validity and can be used for a variety of applications.  }, Keywords = {Research anxiety, Student, Validation}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {78-93}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.18869/nirp.ijpcp.23.1.78}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2423-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2423-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Amiri, Sohrab and Yaghoubi, *, Abolghasem}, title = {Psychometric Properties of Body Image Psychological Inflexibility Scale}, abstract ={Objectives The aim of present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the Body Image Psychological Inflexibility Scale (BIPIS) in students of both genders. Methods The study sample consisted of Bu-Ali-Sina University students enrolled during the academic year 2016. A total of 329 students were selected based on multistage cluster sampling. To study the psychometric characteristics of the BIPIS, it was first translated with the help of the double-translation technique and then administered along with the Body Dysmorphic Meta-Cognitive Questionnaire and Body Image-Acceptance and Action questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed, and thereafter, its reliability, validity and confirmatory factor analysis were calculated. Results Analysis of the collected data showed that the scale has a reliability of 0.90 to 0.93 alpha coefficients in general and both genders. In addition, the concurrent validity of both genders with the sub-scales of Body Dysmorphic Meta-Cognitive Questionnaire and Body Image-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire was 0.71, 0.62, 0.75, 0.69 and -0.58 for Meta-Cognitive strategies, thought- action fusion, Meta-Cognitive negative and positive beliefs, safety behaviors, and body image-acceptance and action questionnaire respectively. Which in the P<0.01 level was significant. Moreover, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the factor structure of the questionnaire. Conclusion The BIPIS favors psychometric properties among Iranian students.}, Keywords = {Psychological inflexibility, Body image, Body dysmorphic, Factor analysis}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {94-107}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.18869/nirp.ijpcp.23.1.94}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2410-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2410-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Pad, Belgheis and Alavi, Kaveh and Hajebi, Ahm}, title = {A Randomized Controlled Trial of Telephone Follow-Up in Patients With Severe Mental Illness: Study Protocol}, abstract ={Objectives This study aims to determine the effectiveness of telephone follow-up in patients with severe mental illness after discharge from hospital compared to Treatment As Usual (TAU). Methods This is a randomized control trial with the primary hypothesis that telephone follow-up for patients with severe mental disorders in outpatient clinic would be more effective when compared to TAU in reducing the length of hospital stay and any psychiatric hospitalization. The sample population was recruited from Iran Hospital. After obtaining informed written consent, the patients were randomized  into two intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, the research team closely followed the patients by telephone a day before their psychiatric follow-up visit after discharge, for timely attendance and also the day following the appointment to be ensured about their attendance. Patients were then followed up for 12 months afterward. The primary outcome measures were length of hospital stay and any hospitalization during 12 months follow-up. The secondary outcome measure was the severity of the patients’ psychopathology during the follow-up period. Conclusion This article presents a study protocol for an RCT that assesses the effectiveness of telephone follow-up for patients with severe mental disorders in an outpatient clinical setting in Iran. The findings of this study can influence policy-making and planning for patients with severe mental disorders across the country.  }, Keywords = {Telephone follow-up, Severe mental disorder, Study protocol, Effectiveness}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {108-117}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.18869/nirp.ijpcp.23.1.108}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2344-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2344-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Ghadiri, Mohammad and Rasoulian, Maryam}, title = {History of Iran Psychiatry Hospital}, abstract ={ Navab Safavi Mental Hospital was established in 1981 while it suffered from considerable shortages in therapeutic and welfare infrastructures, as well as in professional human resources. After foundation of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 1986 the hospital was involved in training nurses, medical students, and psychiatric residents. In 2001, by request of  Navab Safavi’s  family the name was changed to Iran Psychiatric Hospital and Now, after 35 years, the hospital has 160 beds in 6 wards, including men, women, neurotic (Mehr), emergency, substance and alcohol wards, and extensive facilities like community psychiatry, cognitive-behavioral and analytical psychotherapies, neurocognitive lab, and substance use disorder clinic. The increasing growth of Iran Psychiatric Hospital in more than 3 decades has been in line with qualitative and quantitative development of Iran University of Medical Sciences.  }, Keywords = {Iran Psychiatry Hospital, Navvab Safavi Mental Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {23}, Number = {1}, pages = {118-125}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.18869/nirp.ijpcp.23.1.118}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2478-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2478-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Pirnia, Bijan and RasoulzadehTabatabaei, Seyyed Kazem and Pirkhaefi, Alireza and Soleimani, Aliakbar}, title = {Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Cognitive-Behavioral and Mother-Child Interactive Therapies on Anxiety of Children With Under-Methadone Treatment Mother}, abstract ={Objectives Anxiety is one of the most common disorders in childhood. Some of the treatment approaches in clinical psychology determined the treatment of the anxiety symptoms in the interactional field, and others defined it in cognitive framework. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of cognitive behavioral treatment based on anxiety prevention program with parent-child interaction therapy on the anxiety index of pre-school children with parents under methadone maintenance therapy. Methods This study is based on the combined design of pre-test, post-test and follow-up for six months.  It included mothers under methadone maintenance therapy who were referred to two methadone treatment clinics in Tehran. Seventy-five  mothers and children were randomly selected and grouped into three groups of cognitive-behavioral therapy, parent-child interaction therapy, and control group (n=25 each group). The treatment protocols were provided in two groups for eight sessions in two weeks, and control group was set in waiting list. The anxiety level of the children was evaluated in three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up by Spence Anxiety Scale (responding rate=91%), and data were analyzed using the chi-square, Independent Sample t-test and ANOVA with repeated measure. Results The results of the study showed that both types of treatment had a significant effect on the anxiety index compared to the control group (P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the efficiency of both treatments (P>0.65). Conclusion The findings of the study can be helpful in explaining the causes of the anxiety index in children and planning the preventive interventions.  }, Keywords = {Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT)}, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {136-147}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.2.136}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2466-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2466-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Amiri, Sohrab and Isazadegan, Ali and Yaghobi, Abolghasem and Abdollahi, Mohammad Hossei}, title = {The Effects of Cognitive Appraisal and Emotional Suppression on Autonomic Nervous Reactions on the Basis of Sensory Processing Sensitivity}, abstract ={Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of emotion regulation strategies of cognitive appraisal and emotional suppression on autonomic nervous reactions based on high and low sensory processing sensitivity among students. Methods For this purpose, 500 students of Bu Ali Sina University of Hamadan were selected through a stratified sampling approach. Based on final score distribution (Z Standard) in sensory processing sensitivity scale, 45 of the subjects were chosen for testing the study hypothesis.  The participants were studied for autonomic nervous reactions under normal viewing conditions, cognitive  appraisal and emotional suppression. To evaluate the results of the study, the collected data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of covariance, univariate covariance and post hoc tests. Results The results showed significant differences between three groups in the autonomic nervous reactions based on emotion regulation and sensory processing sensitivity. The group with high sensory processing sensitivity  gained higher heart rate and systolic blood pressure. In normal viewing, suppression and cognitive appraisal, the diastolic pressure was lower compared to the baseline. Conclusion The suppression and cognitive appraisal compared to normal viewing was followed by decreased diastolic pressure that represents low levels of heart rate in normal viewing mode compared to the baseline. The use of cognitive appraisal and suppression compared to normal viewing led to increased heart rate. Therefore, cognitive appraisal and suppression as emotion regulation strategies can interact with personality traits associated with sensory processing sensitivity that influences the physiological reactions.}, Keywords = {Emotions, Autonomic nervous system, Sensitivity}, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {148-163}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.2.148}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2766-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2766-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {MoinAl-Ghorabaiee, Fateme and Karamloo, Samira and Noferesti, Azam}, title = {Metacognitive Components in Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Depressed Mood Disorder}, abstract ={Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the metacognitive factors between individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), dysthymic disorder (Dys), and non-clinical disorders (Normals). Methods Metacognitive Questionnaire - short form (MCQ-30), Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ), and Anxious Thought Inventory (ATI) were administered to a sample of 120 individuals (OCD-30; GAD-30; Dys-30 and Normals-30). Results Results of MANOVA and post-hoc comparison revealed significant differences in metacognitive factors between all groups except attention distraction and cognitive confidence. Post-hoc comparisons also showed that OCD patients have significantly higher scores in punishment and reappraisal subscales than GAD and non-clinical groups. Likewise, GAD patients have significantly higher scores in social and health worry than OCD patients and in positive and negative beliefs about worry and need to control subscales than OCD and non-clinical groups. Also Dys group had significantly higher scores in health and social worry than others. In general, nonclinical sample had lower scores in all metacognitive questionnaires, RSQ, and neuroticism. Conclusion Metacognitive beliefs and strategies could differentiate between diagnostic groups. Also findings support the Self regulatory executive function model of Wells.  }, Keywords = {Metacognitive factors, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Dysthymia, Self Regulatory Executive Function (SREF) }, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {164-177}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.2.164}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2352-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2352-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Ahadianfard, Pantea and Asgharnejadfarid, Ali Asghar and Lavasani, Fahimeh and Ashoori, Ahm}, title = {Role of Cognitive, Metacognitive, and Meta-Emotional Components in Prediction of Emotional Distress in Students}, abstract ={Objectives The study aims to investigate the role of cognitive , metacognitive and meta-emotional components in predicting emotional distress in college students. Methods This is a descriptive correlation study, and the study sample consisted of 400 college students who were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Data were obtained using Emotion Regulation Scale (ERS), Leahy Emotional Schemas Scale (LESS), Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (SQ-SF), Meta Cognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30), Mindful Awareness Assessment Scale (MAAS), and Acceptance and Commitment-II (AAQ-II).  Results Negative emotions like  the acceptance and commitment, emotional self-awareness and mindfulness and positive emotions like acceptance of feelings, social isolation/alienation, vulnerability and trying to rationality can explain 42.1% of the inner inefficient emotion regulation methods. Negative emotions like higher values, mindfulness and acceptance of feelings and positive emotions like mistrust/abuse and agreement can explain 27.2% of the external inefficient emotion regulation methods. Conclusion Levels of acceptance and practice, emotional self-awareness, mindfulness and acceptance of feeling less and social isolation/alienation, trying to rationality and vulnerability are higher as a result of the internal inefficient methods becoming higher. As levels of higher values, mindfulness and acceptance of feeling less and the mistrust/abuse and agreement are higher; as a result, the external inefficient methods becoming higher.  }, Keywords = {Emotions, Cognition, Metacognition}, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {178-191}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.2.178}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2538-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2538-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Hosseini, Elnaz and Talepasand, Siavash and RahimianBoogar, Isaac}, title = {Body Image and Eating Problems: Testing a Tripartite Model}, abstract ={Objectives The aim of this study was to develope and test three competing models for explaining eating disturbance based on Tripartite Influence model. Methods Two hundred women who had been referred to nutrition clinics and sports clubs in Mashhad participated in this study. They were recruited by stratified random sampling. Eating Attitudes Test, The Perception of Teasing Scale (POTS), Multidimensional Body- Self Relations Questionnaire, and Socio-cultural Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire were completed by them. Data were tested by path analysis model. Results Family factor and social comparison directly affect overeating, whereas inhibition of eating has an indirect effect on overeating. Media through comparison and inhibition of eating indirectly affected overeating. Peers did not have any effect on overeating and inhibition of eating. Body image  dissatisfaction does not play a mediating role. Conclusion Tripartite Influence model can be used as an effective model to explain eating disturbance.  }, Keywords = {Eating disturbance problems, Body image, Social comparison, Family, Peer}, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {192-207}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.2.192}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2349-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2349-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {pourasghar, mehdi and Najafi, Kyumars and Tirgari, Abdolhakim and Yazdani, Jamshid and Falaki, Mozhgan and Salehi, Farib}, title = {Investigating Employees’ and Health Care Practitioners’ Communication Skills}, abstract ={Objectives Communication skill is one of the basic skills of human social life  that have a profound impact on the success of individuals, organizations, and institutions. This study is conducted to determine the status of communication skills and related factors in staff and health workers of burn and psychiatric hospital in Sari city.  Methods This descriptive-analytical study has been done with a sample size of 409 people, comprising staff and health workers of a burn and psychiatric hospital in Sari city in 2015. In this study, the samples were selected using the census method. Instruments used for the study were demographic data and communication skills questionnaire consisting of skills of understanding message, listening skills, insight to the communication process and certainty in communication that was completed in an interview with hospital staff. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS software version 18 using Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA, and t-test. Results Findings of the present study indicate that the mean of communication skills of staff is 154, which is at a desirable level. In this study, it is shown that there is a significant difference in the mean score of communication skills according to work experience variables, education, work location, employment status, and position (P<0.5). There is also a significant relationship between certainty and the participants' education degree. Conclusion Based on the findings of the current study, it is recommended that the education level and communication skills of the staff and health workers in hospitals should be increased. To increase these skills, it is necessary to conduct service training. It is also important to provide job security to health workers and staff by reviewing job rules and employment status using rewards and timely encouragements and determining service place of staff regarding their interests and expertise. This can result in significant improvements in communication skills, thereby, raising the satisfaction of staff and clients.}, Keywords = {Communication skills, Health care workers, Message, Communications}, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {208-217}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.2.208}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2454-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2454-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Panaghi, Leili and Ghahari, Shahrbanou and Mokhtarnia, Iraj and Dasarband, Bita and Nabavian, Vahideh}, title = {Preliminary Study of Psychometric Features of Wife Abuse Questionnaire}, abstract ={Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the confirmatory factor structure and validation of wife abuse Questionnaire in sample women of subclinical. Methods The study is cross-sectional and Married women’s Mashhad city of formed the study population. Sample size of 671 women was selected by Availability sampling  and the Qahari wife abuse Questionnaire  with questionnaires Beck depression inventory, Sherer Self-Efficacy Scale and CTS-R questions given to was applied in the sample. Results The results of confirmatory factor analysis support three factors. The Investigate Criterion validity by Pearson correlation coefficient in the wife abuse Questionnaire with The Beck depression inventory and Sherer Self-efficacy Scale, were between 0.31 and 0.45 and also convergent validity with Revised Conflict Tactics Scale, 60.0 correlation coefficient was obtained than are very satisfactory. A significant difference between the factor of questionnaire wife abuse in the women of divorce and non-divorce showed that the questionnaire has features of validity discrimination.  The results of Cronbach's alpha coefficient in the Cronbach's alpha for the total questionnaire and factors were between 87.0 and 95.0 that was satisfactory. Conclusion Therefore, based on the results of this study wife abuse’s Questionnaire has psychometric properties applied for research and family counseling.  }, Keywords = {Psychometric properties, Questionnaire wife abuse, Women}, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {218-231}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.2.218}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2541-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2541-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Soleimanisefat, Erfan and Sa’adati, Himman and Azimian, Sorayya and Amani, Shahin and Salehmanijeh, Hiva and Leshni, Leil}, title = {Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of Young-Rygh Avoidance Inventory}, abstract ={Objectives Avoidance is a maladaptive schema that leads to maladaptive coping responses, followed by psychological problems. In this regard, we need a tool that is able to measure Avoidance schema. Also, there is no Persian version for measuring avoidance schema, so we need a tool that be able to measure Young-Rygh Avoidance schema in Iran. Thus, the aim of the present research is to assess the validity, reliability and factor analysis of the Persian version of Avoidance Inventory. Methods The sample included 382 students of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences University who were selected using convenience sampling method. To assess the convergent-divergent validity, the Avoidance Questionnaire, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, Beck Anxiety Questionnaire, and the Young overcompensation inventory. Results Factor analysis extracted eight factors that explained 54.92 percent of total variance. Internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha is acceptable (0.69-0.83), and time reliability is appropriate (0.72-0.92). Relationship of Avoidance Inventory with anxiety inventory (0.29), depression inventory (-0.21), excessive compensation (0.43) and acceptance and action scale (0.30) shows the convergent-divergent validity. Conclusion The Persian version of Avoidance Inventory is a reliable and valid tool.  }, Keywords = { Validity, Reliability, Factor analysis, Avoidance Inventory }, volume = {23}, Number = {2}, pages = {232-243}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.2.232}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2516-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2516-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Shirazi, Elham and Shabani, Amir and HakimShooshtari, Mitra and GhadiriVasfi, Mohamm}, title = {Definition of Cycle and Episode in Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder: An Area of Debate in Diagnosis and Research}, abstract ={Kraepelin was the first who recognized the phenomenon of cycling in bipolar disorder in 1913. The term rapid cycling was proposed by Dunner and Fieve in 1974. Later on, Kramlinger and Post defined ultra-rapid cycling and ultradian cycling in 1996. Frequent rapid mood switches are an inherent characteristic of bipolar disorder, and rapid cycling is included as a course specifier for bipolar disorder in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Although the terms cycle and episode are commonly used to delineate discrete periods of mood disorders, literature still suffers from the inconsistent and indistinct definition for them. Therefore, the reported prevalence of rapid cycling bipolar disorder shows a wide variability across studies, which ranges from 15% to 53.6% in adults, and 41.8% to 87.1% in children. Moreover, studies have used different definitions for rapid, ultra-rapid, and ultra-ultra-rapid/ultradian cycling, which has reduced the comparability of data across studies. However, the higher prevalence of rapid, ultra-rapid, and ultra-ultra-rapid/ultradian cycling reported in children with bipolar disorder, compared to adults, may make the pattern of cycling a key criterion in the diagnosis of early-onset bipolar disorder. Obviously, there is a significant need to stabilize a distinct specific definition for each of the terms episode, cycle, rapid cycling, ultra-rapid cycling, and ultra-ultra-rapid/ultradian cycling, based on the consensus of experts in bipolar disorder, in children and adults. In addition to increasing the value of research, using common terminologies and definitions enables comparison between studies and improves diagnostic criteria of rapid cycling bipolar disorder and its therapeutic and management plans in both the early- and adult-onset types.   }, Keywords = {Bipolar disorder, Cycle, Episode, Rapid cycling}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {254-259}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.3.254}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2684-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2684-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {abazari, kobra and malekpour, mokhtar and ghamarani, amir and abedi, ahmad and faramarzi, salar}, title = {Impact of Individual Differences Intervention (Floortime) Based on Parents’ Expressed Emotion on Children’s Social Skills With High-Functioning Autism Disorder}, abstract ={Objectives This study was conducted to design Individual Differences intervention based on parents’ expressed emotion and its impact on children’s social skills with high-functioning autism disorder. Methods The first part of this study is comparative-causal and the second part is a semi-experimental study. In order to design Floortime treatment plan based on parents’ expressed emotion, first in an Embedded Design Mixed Research Method by means of researcher’s questionnaire for qualitative measurement and family questionnaire for quantitative part of emotional state of mothers with autistic children were measured. Accordingly, the treatment plan with 23 meetings was codified. Finally, 20 children with high-functioning autism were selected from the autism centers by available sampling. Out of them, 10 children were put into the experimental group and they were provided designed intervention plan in addition to the ABA intervention, and the other 10 children formed the control group, who merely received Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) intervention. Tools used were Family Questionnaire, ASSQ test, Stanford-Binet intelligence test, and Gilliam and Vineland social compatibility tests. Results Results show that there are significant differences in mother’s expressed emotion in case of normal and autistic children. The expressed emotion of mothers of autistic children is high in terms of the total score of expressed emotion, criticism, and Emotional Over-Involvement (EOI). After the intervention, no significant difference was observed in the social compatibility and communication skills between the two groups of children who were under the ABA intervention and who were under Floortime intervention. But after the intervention, the experimental group had a better score in relation variable. Conclusion Given the high level of excitement expressed by parents of children with autism, various interventions have to reduce their excitement. You can also use social interventions such as floortime intervention to increase the association of children with high performance autism disorder}, Keywords = {Autism, Expressed emotion, Floortime, Mothers, Social skills}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {260-277}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.3.260}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2565-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2565-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Ebrahimi, Ali and RamezaniFarani, Abbas and lotfi, Mojgan and hakimshushtari, Mitr}, title = {Relationship Between Autistic Traits, Social Problem-Solving Deficiencies, and Depressive - Anxiety Symptoms: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach}, abstract ={Objectives The current study investigated the structural relationship between autistic traits, the components of social problem-solving deficiencies and depressive-anxiety symptoms. Methods The study was conducted in 2015-2016 consisting of 336 students (male and female) with their age ranging from 18 to 35 years old. They were selected by using the convenience sampling method, and were assessed on Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), social problem-solving (SPSI-SF), and depression and anxiety symptoms (BAI and BDI-II). For data analysis, Pearson conduct coefficient, structural equation modeling, and boot stooping methods were conducted. ResultsThe results of the analysis revealed that the deficit in social problem-solving component has an intermediary role in assessing the relationship between the severity of autistic traits, and depression-anxiety symptoms. All other hypothetical fitness indices model were in the appropriate range of positive cross-correlation (0.45≥r≥0.25) between autistic traits, problem-solving deficiencies component, and depression- anxiety, All relations were found to be statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion The findings from the current study provide further support to the structural relationship between the components of the problem-solving deficiencies, severity of depressive - anxiety symptoms, and autistic traits. The understanding of how they are related to depressive - anxiety symptoms will hopefully help in informing about the future attempts for adopting an effective problem-solving programs for individuals with autistic traits.  }, Keywords = {Autistic traits, Social problem-solving, Depression, Anxiety, Structural equation modeling}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {278-293}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.3.278}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2550-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2550-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {TehraniDoost, Mehdi and Shahrivar, Zahra and KhorramiBanaraki, Anahita and MohammadZadeh, Azar}, title = {Validity of the “Moving Shapes” Paradigm: A Test to Evaluate the Ability to Understand Others’ Intentionality}, abstract ={Objectives Attributing the intention to others’ behavior is one important factor in the theory of mind development. This study aimed to assess validity of the “Moving shapes” paradigm in a group of Iranian school-aged children to evaluate their understanding the intention of others’ behavior. Methods Through randomized cluster sampling, students at grades 3 to 5 were recruited among the mainstream schools in Tehran. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). After using the Ishihara test to rule out color-blindness, the “Moving shapes” paradigm was performed for all participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods, T test, linear regression, and Pearson’s correlation analysis. Results The mean age of the participants was 9.96(SD=0.916) years, and 49.2% of them were male. There was no association between age and gender with intentionality score. All variables of the paradigm were significantly correlated with each other (P<0.05). The correlation coefficient for intentionality score and number of metallizing terms was 0.612 (P=0.01). There was no significant association between the CBCL subscale scores and animated variables. Conclusion The “Moving shapes paradigm” can be used as a valid test for evaluation of the intentionality in Iranian school-aged children.  }, Keywords = {Intention, Validity, Children, Theory of Mind}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {294-305}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.3.294}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2447-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2447-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Shahrivar, Zahra and MahmoodiGharaei, Javad and Zare'i, Maryam and Zarrabi, Mozhgan and Shirazi, Elham}, title = {Clinical Characteristics, Function, Quality of Life, and Premorbid Adjustment in Children and Adolescents With First-Episode Psychosis Admitted at Roozbeh Hospital}, abstract ={Objectives This study was done to evaluate the clinical characteristics, function, quality of life, and premorbid adjustment of inpatient children and adolescents with First-Episode Psychosis (FEP) at Roozbeh psychiatric hospital. Methods During a two-year cohort study (2013-2014), all admissions in the child and adolescent psychiatric ward were evaluated. Diagnoses were made using clinical assessment and the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version-Persian Version (K-SADS-LV-PV). The Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS), Clinical Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), and WHO-Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-Brief) were used to assess the related variables. Results Among 44 participants (47.7% boys) with a mean age of 193.11(21.5) months, 68.3% were suffering from Bipolar Disorder (BD) and 15.9% from Schizophrenia. Poor premorbid adjustment before the emergence of psychosis was indirectly related with academic level and directly consistent with suicidal risk and duration of psychotic disorder (P<0.05). The level of premorbid global functioning was higher than 80% only in 7% of the participants. This score was less than 40% in 95% of the participants during admission. Conclusion Bipolar disorder was the most common diagnosis among the child and adolescent inpatients with FEP. FEP was consistent with poor premorbid adjustment and severe global functioning impairment. These findings confirm the need for prevention and early interventions in at-risk individuals.  }, Keywords = {Adjustment, Adolescent, Children, Function, Psychotic disorder, Quality of life}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {306-319}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.3.306}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2490-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2490-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mohammadkhani, Shahram and Bahari, Ali and AkbarianFiroozabadi, Mahs}, title = {Attachment Styles and Depression Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Rumination}, abstract ={Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the mediating role of rumination in relation to the attachment styles and depression symptoms. Methods This is an expost facto study with causal design. Around 175 students of Iranian University answered to Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS), and the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ), which were analyzed using variance analysis, regression, and mediation analysis. Results The study results showed that attachment orientation is related to rumination (P<0.001) and depression (P<0.0005). Specifically, avoidance index of attachment system is strongly associated with brooding (P<0.002). Our results also supported the mediating role of brooding in  between avoidance index and depression symptoms (P<0.0005). Conclusion Brooding mediate in between avoidance index and depression symptoms. The study findings also emphasize the role of caregiver-child relationship in the formation of rumination and depression, and recommend implementing preventive programs in order to restrain the development of such dysfunctional construct.  }, Keywords = {Attachment style, Depression, Dimensional model of attachment, Rumination}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {320-335}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.3.320}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2606-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2606-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {TalaeiZadeh, Siavash and Panaghi, Leili and Hosseini, Seyyed Mohammad Mehdi}, title = {The Study of Self-Narration of Patients With Schizophrenia Based on Genette’s Structural Analysis Theory}, abstract ={Objectives Aim of this study is to investigate the self-narration of patients with schizophrenia. Methods The study was done by narrative analysis and the statistical sample consisted of nine patients with schizophrenia, who were selected through purposive sampling. Research instruments used were Mental Status Examination form (MSE) and McAdams life story interview. Structural analysis and content analysis methods were used for analyzing data. Results Results showed that the narrations of these patients began with an unstable situation in which there were some clues of a great chaos. This chaos is usually caused due to schizophrenia that totally impacts the narrator’s life. According to content analysis the main theme of the narrations of patients with schizophrenia was be sacrificed. Rejection, insecurity, loneliness, shame, and guilt were other important themes in their narrations. The absence of a father and an over-involved mother were also the themes of the narration. Conclusion Data showed that the self-perception of patients with schizophrenia was self-centered perception and the illness had a critical role to play in that.  }, Keywords = {Schizophrenia, Self-narration, Structural analysis, Genette}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {336-347}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.3.336}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2631-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2631-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {RezapourMirsaleh, Yasser and Ahmadi, Khodabakhsh}, title = {Psychometric Characteristics of Secondary Trauma Questionnaire (STQ) in Warfare}, abstract ={Objectives The purpose of the present study was to investigate some psychometric characteristics of Secondary Trauma Questionnaire (STQ) in the wives of warfare victims. Methods Children of warfare victims living in Yazd, Esfahan, Shiraz, and Ahvaz and studying at Shahed and Isargar Schools of present in these cities in 2011-12 academic year were the target population for this study. Of this population, 379 subjects were selected by cluster sampling method. Secondary Trauma Questionnaire (STQ), Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), Mississippi PTSD Scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) were used to collect the data. Confirmation factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and independent samples t-test were used to analyze the data. Results Findings of confirmation factor analysis revealed that STQ, similar to the one approved by the developers of this scale had a one-factor structure in Iranian samples. Face validity of STQ using item impact method and content validity of this scale using Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were confirmed. There were significantly high correlations among the STQ scores of participants and STSS, PTSD Scale, and DASS that approved the convergent validity of the scale (P<0.01). By using STQ, we were able to discriminate the group of subjects with high mental health from those with low mental health (discriminant validity). Conclusion The Farsi version of secondary trauma scale was valid and reliable for the wives of Iranian warfare victims.  }, Keywords = {Secondary Trauma Questionnaire, Warfare victims, Validity, Reliability, Confirmatory factor analysis}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {348-361}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.3.348}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2407-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2407-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Taslimbakhsh, zeinab and Sadeghi, Khirollah and Sadeghi, Khirollah and Ahmadi, Seyed Mojtab}, title = {Investigating Factor Structure, Validity, and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale: Form C (SHSS: C)}, abstract ={Objectives The Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale: Form C (SHSS: C) was first introduced by Weitzenhoffer and Hilgard in 1952 and then revised and completed in 1962. The given scale mainly measures behavioral compliance and suggestibility within a whole range of hypnotic phenomena (movements as well as examples of imagination and cognitive distortions) in a short time. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of SHSS: C in a non-clinical population. Methods This descriptive study was conducted on 300 students from different schools of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in Iran selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method and tested via research instruments such as SHSS: C, the Hypnotic Induction Profile (HIP), the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility by Spiegel, and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and Guttman’s split-half coefficient using the SPSS software version 22. Results Factor analysis using varimax rotation from the principal component analysis extraction method for the SHSS: C could lead to the extraction of three factors of hypnotic susceptibility talents of perceptive-cognitive abilities, sensory-motor phenomena, cognitive distortions, and post-hypnotic effects. The reliability coefficients (alpha, test-retest, and internal consistency) were also equal to 0.80, 0.75, and 0.74, respectively. Moreover, three types of validity (concurrent, criterion, and correlation between subscales and total scale and inter-correlations) for the HIP, the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility by Spiegel, and the NEO-FFI were reported to be 0.89, 0.84, and 0.68, respectively. Conclusion The results showed that the SHSS: C was endowed with desirable psychometric properties in an Iranian population, and it could be used in research studies on psychology and psychiatry.  }, Keywords = {SHSS, Hypnotic susceptibility, Factor structure, Validity, Reliability, Psychometric properties, Persian norms}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {362-379}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.3.362}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2530-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2530-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Bolhari, Jafar}, title = {History of Tehran Institute of Psychiatry (Part III)}, abstract ={Objectives In 1974, Iraj Siasisi and Ahmad Mohit decided to open a psychiatry/mental health institute in Iran. They aimed to radically change mental health, addiction prevention, and mental rehabilitation training, as well as national mental health research and services in Iran. To this end, two years later in 1976, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry was founded in Tehran. Then in 2013, its name changed to School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health. This paper reports the process of developing the Institute and mental health services in Iran and Eastern Mediterranean Region. Methods This report is the last section of a three-part report published in this journal in 2017. The study method was an in-depth interview with the present director of the Institute and literature/ document analysis. The author at first recorded and documented the interview and then reviewed its content and relevance to academic literature. Results The main purpose of establishing Tehran Institute of Psychiatry was to decentralize the services of psychiatry, clinical psychology, and mental health from state and big psychiatric hospitals to small medical centers in Iran. This important step resulted in an evolution in mental hospitals care facilities and decentralization care in many small/ general hospitals all over Iran. This center integrated mental health into the primary health cares in Iran, created a platform to develop mental health program for the country, and became responsible for implementing it, as well. Furthermore, every year a lot of experts in relevant areas of knowledge are being trained in this institute and many national research has been undertaking in it. Conclusion History of mental health and addiction prevention, decentralization of psychiatric services, and integration of mental health in primary health care in Iran and some other countries are immensely devoted to Tehran Institute of Psychiatry: School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health.}, Keywords = {History of psychiatry, Clinical psychology, Mental health, Iran, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry}, volume = {23}, Number = {3}, pages = {380-389}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.3.380}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2798-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2798-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Abbarin, Morteza and Zemestani, Mehdi and Rabiei, Mehdi and Bagheri, Amirhooshang}, title = {Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Hypnotherapy on Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Case Study}, abstract ={Objectives This study examined the effect of cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy on Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), depression, and disability of patients. Methods In this article, we present a single subject experimental design with multiple baselines. The subjects of the study were patients with BDD in Sanandaj city. Purposive sampling was used, and after obtaining diagnostic interview and qualifications of the study, subjects underwent the treatment process. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS), Beck Depression Inventory (DBI-II), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) and clinical interview were used as diagnostic tools. Cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy was employed for 15 sessions of one and a half hours and for two sessions per week. For data analysis, we used a single-case analysis using graphs and comparison of mean and median positions. Results  The results showed that participants’ scores in BDD, depression, and disability decreased noticeably. Treatment outcomes were continued up to four months of follow-up period as well. Conclusion Cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy is effective in improving BDD, depression, and disability of these patients.  }, Keywords = {Cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy, Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), Depression, Disability}, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {394-407}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.4.394}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2522-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2522-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ranjbari, Tohid and Karimi, Javad and Mohammadi, Abolfazl and Norouzi, Mohammad Rez}, title = {An Evaluation of the Contributions of the Triple Vulnerability Model to the Prediction of Emotional Disorders}, abstract ={Objectives The triple vulnerability model includes three types of vulnerability in terms of emotional disorders: general biological vulnerability, general psychological vulnerability, and disorder-specific psychological vulnerability. Since previous studies have mostly addressed only one of these components, this study was conducted to examine all the three components of the triple vulnerability model at the same time in patients suffering from emotional disorders and normal people. Methods Using a causal-comparative design, 20 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, 20 patients with major depressive disorder, and 20 patients with generalized anxiety disorder were compared with 20 normal people (control group). The data were collected from March to June 2015. The patients and control group were selected through convenience sampling from the people attending private psychotherapy clinics in the city of Urmia and the normal people living in Urmia, respectively. The patients and control groups were matched with each other with regard to some demographic variables. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to determine the differences between the patients and the control group. Results Patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and major depressive disorder were more vulnerable to general biological vulnerability and general psychological vulnerability (P=0.001). With regard to disorder-specific psychological vulnerabilities, a significant difference was found between the patients with generalized anxiety and the control group where patients being more intolerant of uncertainty (P=0.001). We also found that obsessive-compulsive patients had more thought-action fusion and major depressive patients had more dysfunctional attitudes compared with the control group. Conclusion Because of the significant difference between patients with emotional disorders and control group in terms of the dimensions of the triple vulnerability model, it can be argued that this model could be envisaged as comprehensive and suitable etiological and diagnostic criteria for these patients.  }, Keywords = {Triple vulnerability model, Emotional disorders, Normal people}, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {408-423}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.4.408}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2577-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2577-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {HosseinzadehFirouzabad, Yahya and BassakNejad, Soodabeh and Davoudi, Ir}, title = {Prediction of Subscale Test Anxiety Considering Behavioral Procrastination, Decisional Procrastination and Cognitive Avoidance in University Students}, abstract ={Objectives Test anxiety is the most important problem among students around the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between behavioral procrastination, decisional procrastination and cognitive avoidance with subscales test anxiety in students of the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Methods This survey study is correlation in form. A sample of 200 students was selected by multi- stage cluster sampling method. General procrastination scale, decisional procrastination scale, cognitive avoidance questionnaire and Fried-Ben test anxiety were used to collect data. In order to analyze data, canonical correlation and multiple regression methods were used. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS-17 software. Results The canonical analysis showed that the linear combinations of predictor variables were correlated with linear combinations of dependent variables. Regression analysis showed that procrastination behavioral and procrastination decisional significantly predicted social derogation (β=0.238, P<0.001; β=0.302, P<0.001, respectively) and cognitive obstruction (β=0.381, P<0.001; β=0.204, P<0.006, respectively). Also, procrastination behavioral and cognitive avoidance significantly predicted tenseness (β=0.314, P<0.001; β=0.246, P<0.002, respectively). Conclusion It is argued that universities should pay more attention to the factors that play significant roles in decreasing procrastination and decreasing cognitive avoidance. This is more likely to reduce test anxiety among graduate students.}, Keywords = {Behavioral procrastination, Decisional procrastination, Cognitive avoidance, Test anxiety}, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {424-437}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.4.424}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2573-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2573-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Lariche, Zahra and Haghayegh, Sayed Abbas}, title = {The Comparison of Executive Functions, Risk Behaviors, and Academic Motivation Among Adolescents With Chronology Type Morningness and Eveningness}, abstract ={Objectives This research was conducted with the goal of comparison of executive functions, risk behaviors, and academic motivation among adolescents with chronology type morningness and eveningness. Methods This is a comparative study in a population of high school students in Isfahan in 2014-15 academic year. Accessible sampling was used as a sampling method in two phases. In the first phase 320 students were selected, and in the second phase, 106 students with different chronology types were chosen as a final sample. The data gathered by using Horne and Östberg’s Morningness-eveningness questionnaire, Mohammadi and his colleagues’ Iranian Adolescents Risk Scale, Abdekhodaee’s Achievement motivation questionnaire, and Wisconsin card sorting test. Independent samples t test and Mann-Whitney U test were employed for analyzing data using SPSS-21. Results Significant relationship was found between two aspects of executive functions containing preservation error and incorrect answers responses, and chronology types (P<0.05), whereas no significant relationship existed in other aspects. In addition, morningness and eveningness chronology types were significantly different among adolescents in terms of risky behaviors and academic motivation (P<0.05). Conclusion The adolescents with morningness chronology type performed better in executive function and academic motivation in comparison with eveningness type and had lower risky behaviors.  }, Keywords = {Chronology as topic, Executive functions, Risky behaviors, Academic motivation}, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {438-453}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.4.438}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2586-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2586-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Zanjani, Zahra and Yaghubi, Hamid and Fata, Ladan and Shaiiri, Mohammadreza and Gholami, Mohamm}, title = {The Mediating Role of Fear of Contagion in Explaining the Relationship Between Disgust Propensity and Fear of Contamination}, abstract ={Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between disgust propensity, fear of contamination, and fear of contagion and also to determine the mediating role of fear of contagion in this regard. Methods This is a correlation study. Study population were students of Shahed University of Tehran. The sample consisted of 391 students who were selected by convenience sampling method and completed looming contamination scale, disgust propensity and sensitivity scale and Padua scale . Data analyzed by SPSS 22 software. The correlation, hierarchical regression based on Baron and Kenny’s method (1987), and Sobel’s Test were used for analysis. Results results showed that disgust propensity, fear of contagion (β=0.35, P<0.001), and fear of contamination (β=0.41, P<0.001) are correlated. The relationship between fear of contagion and fear of contamination was also significant (β=0.41, P<0.001). Regression analysis demonstrated that fear of contagion mediates the relationship between disgust propensity and fear of contamination (β=0.26, P<0.001), which is also confirmed by Sobel’s test (Z=6.36, P<0.001). Conclusion  The fear of contagion is a mediator in the relationship between disgust propensity and fear of contamination. As a result, it seems that this structure is important in explaining the fear of contamination. Therefore if fear of contagion is considered in the evaluation and treatment of fear of contamination, The treartment effectiveness will be increased.}, Keywords = { Fear, Contamination, Student, Disgust propensity, Fear of contagion, Mediating role}, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {454-465}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.4.454}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2506-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2506-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MahmoodAlilou, Majid and BakhshipourRoudsari, Abbas and Nasiri, Mohamm}, title = {Structural Relationships Between Behavioral Brain Systems, Disgust Sensitivity, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder}, abstract ={Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the structural relationships between behavioral brain systems, disgust sensitivity, and obsessive-compulsive disorder using structural equation modeling. It is assumed that the behavioral brain systems and disgust sensitivity in interaction with each other will lead to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Despite the prominence of this model, not enough research has been done to assess its experimental. Methods  In a descriptive-correlation study, a sample of 340 students from Tabriz University was selected using cluster sampling method. Participants responded to Inventory system activation / inhibition of behavior (Carver and White, 1994), The Disgust Sensitivity Scale, Obsessive Compulsive Inventory- Revised (OCI-R). Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results The evaluation of hypothetical model with fit indexes demonstrated that the hypothetical model fits the measurement model (CFI=0.96, NFI=0.94, and RMSEA=0.076). BIS and BAS with standardized coefficients of 0.264 and -0.241, respectively, have a significant effect on obsessive-compulsive disorder by the mediation of disgust sensitivity at the P˂0.05 level. Conclusion The result, supporting the theoretical model for obsessive-compulsive disorder, proposes a suitable framework for the etiology of the disorder. Accordingly, high sensitivity of BIS and low sensitivity of BAS by the mediation of disgust sensitivity due to an increase in the symptoms of OCD.  }, Keywords = {Behavioral brain systems, Disgust sensitivity, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Structural equation modeling}, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {466-479}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.4.466}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2592-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2592-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Veisy, Fateme and Ahmadi, Sayad Mojtaba and Sadeghi, Kheirollah and Rezaee, Mansour}, title = {The Psychometric Properties of Body Shape Questionnaire C8 in Women With Eating Disorders}, abstract ={Objectives‌ Extreme concern about body shape is the main feature of eating disorders. Eating disorders co-occur with several medical and mental disorders. So a valid and reliable tool will help prevent this disorder and its consequence. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine psychometric properties of the Body Shape Questionnaire C8 (BSQ-C8) in a sample of women with eating disorders. Methods The main tool of this cross-validation study, i.e. BSQ-C8, was translated to Persian. Then psychometric properties of the scale were studied in a sample of women with eating disorders who were selected by convenient sampling method. Data collecting tools were BSQ-C8, BSQ-34, Body Dysmorphic Meta Cognition Questionnaire (BDMCQ), and Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (YBOCS–BDD). To analyze data by SPSS version 16, correlation coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha, split half coefficient, and ROC curve were used. Results‌ In the sample of women with eating disorders the coefficients of Cronbach's alpha and split-half were 0.79 and 0.74, respectively. Concurrent validity by way of correlation between the scale and BSQ-34, YBOCS–BDD, and BDMCQ were 0.91, 0.59 and 0.58, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, and the cut point of this questionnaire were 0.80, 0.67 and 26.5, respectively. Conclusion BSQ-C8 for assessing body shape dissatisfaction in women with eating disorders has high reliability and good concurrent validity and it is useful for assessing body shape dissatisfaction in clinical and non-clinical research.  }, Keywords = {Body image, Body Shape Questionnaire C8, Eating disorders, Validity & Reliability, Cut point}, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {480-493}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.4.480}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2391-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2391-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Fallahi, Mahnaz and KafieMasuleh, Mousa and KhousroJavid, Mahnaz and KarimiLieChahei, Roghaie and Eskandari, Bij}, title = {A Preliminary Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Children’s Coping Behavior Questionnaire (CCBQ)}, abstract ={Objectives Children’s and adolescents’ coping styles are associated with distress and adjustment. Despite the significance and implications of children’s coping responses, no accepted standard exists to measure children’s coping behavior. The purpose of the present study was standardization and study of the psychometric properties of Children’s Coping Behavior Questionnaire (CCBQ) in Northern Iran (Guilan). Methods This was a correlation study and was implemented among 10- to 16-year-old students of Guilan. Among statistical population, 300 students (139 girls and 161 boys with an average age of 13.23) were selected using multistage sampling, and they responded to the items in CCBQ. To assess reliability and validity we used Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and convergent validity. The reliability was assessed by using two methods; Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest. The face validity and construct validity of the questionnaire were approved by a professors of psychology. Results Based on factor analysis using principal components and varimax rotation, final analyses revealed a 41-item coping measure with a 3-factor solution of “diversion”, “ameliorative coping”, and “destructive coping”, which explained more than 60.9% of the total variance. Convergence validity of the questionnaire showed a satisfactory correlation in the total score of CCBQ. To determine concurrent validity with the CCBQ we used State-Trait Anxiety Children Inventory correlations that were satisfactory (P<0.05). Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest for the total scale were between 0.74 and 0.91. The measurement showed strong reliability and good preliminary validity data. Conclusion Our results established that the Children’s Coping Behavior Questionnaire is a reliable and valid method and is capable to be used in Iranian society to investigate emotional problems. Future studies need to be undertaken in a clinical population.  }, Keywords = {Psychometric, factor analysis, Children’s Coping Behavior Questionnaire}, volume = {23}, Number = {4}, pages = {494-509}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, doi = {10.29252/nirp.ijpcp.23.4.494}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2461-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2461-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2018} }