@article{ author = {Rasulian, Maryam and Bolhari, Jafar and Nojomi, Marzie and Habib, Sepide and MirzaeiKhoshalani, Mosleh}, title = {Theories and Interventional Models of Intimate Partner Violence: Suggesting an Interventional Model Based on Primary Health Care System in Iran}, abstract ={Objectives: Domestic violence is a common phenomenon and also a health priority in all communities. Researches have shown that multiple biological, genetic, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual factors have key roles either in development or in prevention of domestic violence. Therefore, it is better to consider an integrated health care system which covers all influencing factors for preventive interventions and continuous and effective care. In recent years, several studies have been conducted about prevalence of domestic violence in Iran and also several interventions have been proposed by educational approach. Method: This research attempted to design and to implement an integrated community-based model for preventing domestic violence based on primary health care (PHC) system in Iran. In this article, the model resulted from this study has been presented. Findings: The model of “Intimate Partner Violence Prevention in Primary Health Care system” was designed by short-term training of the primary health care providers such as health workers, technicians, health professionals and family physicians in the level of small towns and rural societies for identifying the cases of intimate partner violence, communicating with people who are abused, recording the cases of violence and referring the victims of physical abuse. Also they can help these individuals to ameliorate their distress by counseling, supportive psychotherapy and some medications. Conclusion: By informing and sensitizing primary health care providers, this model could overcome all the limitations and shortcomings about unwillingness of the staff for cooperation in the program of the prevention of violence which has been reported in the study of Ramsey and colleagues, 2002. Also, it demonstrated that the medical section and primary health care system are valuable resources for assistance to perform the programs of violence prevention. However, this model has several limitations. Also some suggestions for removing the constraints in the national level and for interacting with other regional counties in terms of experiences have been provided.}, Keywords = {domestic violence, intimate partner violence, delivery of health care, primary health care, intervention and preventive models}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {3-16}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2360-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2360-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {MohseniEjiyeh, Alireza and Abedi, Ahmad and Behnamnejad, Nasri}, title = {Effectiveness of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Iran, 2005-2013: A Meta-analysis}, abstract ={Objectives: The present meta-analysis was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of applied behavior analysis (ABA) on behavioral problems and difficulties in children with autism spectrum disorders in Iran. Method: A total of 142 studies published from 2005 to 2013 were reviewed and eight studies were selected for meta-analysis based on applying appropriate methodologies. The eight studies involved a total of 200 participants and since each study focused on multiple autism-related problems, 28 effect sizes were obtained. The research instrument was a checklist of content analysis. Results: The overall mean effect size was found to be r=0.83 (p<0.001). The highest effect size (r=0.926) was obtained in the research of Khorramabadi, et al. (for the variable of cognitive skills) and the lowest effect size (r=0.151) was seen in the study of Mashhadi, et al. (for the variable of social development). Conclusion: The results indicate a large effect size of ABA on decreasing the problems and difficulties of children with autism spectrum disorders in Iran. In addition, greater effects are found when this method is used in long-term and with higher intensity. Therefore, it seems that ABA can be used as an appropriate treatment method for children with autism spectrum disorders.}, Keywords = {meta-analysis, applied behavior analysis (ABA), autism spectrum disorders}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {17-25}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2354-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2354-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mohammadkhani, Parvaneh and Mohammadi, Leila and Azadmehr, Hadie and Taghizadeh, Somayeh and Baharloo, Dors}, title = {Effectiveness of Guided Adolescent Problem Solving on Craving, Attitude Toward Drug Abuse and Coping Strategies in Adolescents with Substance Abuse}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of guided adolescent problem solving method on craving, attitudes toward drug abuse and coping strategies in adolescents with substance abuse. Method: In a quasi-experimental study with pretest/posttest design, 30 misdemeanor offending adolescents who were resident of a reformatory center (Tehran Correcting and Training Center) participated in this study and every pair of adolescents were randomly allocated in two experimental and control groups. All of these adolescents had history of drug abuse in the past year. The participants in both groups were assessed by Coping Strategies Questionnaire, Drug Belief Questionnaire, and Craving Abuse Questionnaire as well as urine toxicology tests. In the experimental group, guided adolescent problem solving was provided one session in each week for five successive weeks. In each session, 90 and 30 minutes were allocated to intervention and assessment, respectively. Three week after the last session of intervention, posttest was performed for both experimental and control groups. Reliable change index and covariance analysis were used for data analysis. Results: There were statistically significant difference between groups in terms of craving, believes related to drug abuse and verbal expression of emotions. Conclusion: Guided adolescent problem solving was effective on improving the coping strategies in adolescents with drug abuse. Expression of emotions has the key role in reducing the craving and attitude toward drug abuse in adolescents.}, Keywords = {guided adolescent problem solving, drug abuse, craving, believes, coping strategies}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {26-36}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2363-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2363-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mohammad-Sadeghi, Homa and Ahmadzad-Asl, Masoud and Mohammad-Sadeghi, Mehrasa and Ghanbari-Jolfaei, Atefe and Nohesara, Shabnam}, title = {Comparison of Attachment Styles in Subjects with and without Obesity}, abstract ={Objectives: To assess the attachment styles in obese patients and to compare it with a group of normal weight individuals. Method: In this study, attachment styles of 159 patients with obesity who referred to centers for management of obesity were compared with 183 subjects with normal weight. The attachment styles was assessed by Hazan and Shaver’s questionnaire, body mass index (BMI) as well as self-report demographic variables. Results: Total of 342 subjects (82% female) were assessed. Average age of these individuals was 34.8 years (SD=0.6. The frequencies of secure, avoidant and preoccupied attachment styles in persons with obesity were 66%, 17% and 15% respectively. There was not any significant statistical difference between the distribution of frequency of the attachment styles in obese people and persons with normal weight (p>0.05). There were significant lower medical comorbidities in subjects with secure attachment (p<0.01). In regression analysis, the determinant factors of higher body mass index (BMI) were increased age (p<0.05), the level of education under high school diploma (p<0.05), medication consumption (p<0.05), and also being housewife (p<0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study was closely aligned with the studies that have shown the association between many of psychosomatic disorders and insecure attachment styles.}, Keywords = {style of attachment, obesity, Body Mass Index (BMI)}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {37-49}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2364-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2364-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {MohseniAhouee, Shohreh and Eftekhar, Mehrdad and Negarandeh, Rez}, title = {The Experience of Parents from the Childhood of Their Children with Gender Identity Disorder}, abstract ={Objectives: The present study was performed by the aim of qualitative evaluation of the experience of parents from the prepubescent period of their children with gender identity disorder. Method: This study was a qualitative research. By the available and targeted method of sampling, 10 parents of children with gender identity disorder who were referred to Tehran Psychiatric Institute in 2012 participated in a deep unstructured interview. After typing, the recorded interviews were encoded by the method of inductive content analysis. Results: The gathered findings were classified in four main categories as “similarities to the opposite sex / differences from the same sex”, “difficulties in school”, “the way of coping with the reality of gender identity issues”, and  “parents’ feelings”. By the different ways, the parents had experienced the reality of the difficulties of gender identity in their child during his or her childhood, but they postponed coping with this event by using the various mechanisms such as negligence, overseeing, giving a promise, lack of seriously and procrastinating.  Conclusion: The present study is the first research in our country in which the parents of children with gender identity disorder demonstrated their problems. With consider to the obtained findings from the present study, it is necessary not only to design the multi-dimensional programs which educate general public (include parents) and also experts for becoming familiar with gender identity but also to involve the parents of children with gender identity disorder  in cooperation with primary healthcare providers for the process of diagnosis and treatment.}, Keywords = {gender identity disorder, gender dysphoria, experience}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {50-59}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2357-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2357-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Ebrahimi, Amrollah and Barekatain, Majid and Bornamanesh, Alireza and Nassiri, Hami}, title = {Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS) in Patients and General Population}, abstract ={Objectives: Bipolar and unipolar depressions are different in terms of both biological or clinical sign and symptoms, so the available scales are not suitable for measuring the depression in bipolar disorder. The aim of the present study was to determine the psychometric features of the Persian Version of Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS). Method: A total of 368 participants, including 120 patients with bipolar disorder in the period of depression and 126 patients with major depressive disorder from the Medical Centers affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in the years of 2011-2012 and also 122 healthy individuals among relatives of patients and the staff of the sampling centers, were recruited in this study. Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) were used for gathering the information. Data analysis was done by using of Pearson’s correlation coefficient, factorial analysis and discriminate analysis. Results: Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS) had high internal consistency in the population of Iran (;alpha=0.81) and its validity was confirmed by robust correlation with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) (r=0.61) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) (r=0.71). Correlation of the mixed subscale of BDRS with Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) was 0.69. Factor analysis identified three factors of psychological, physical and mixed depression however, some of its items were different from original version. The most suitable clinical cutoff point was score of 18 with sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 94%, respectively. Conclusion: Persian version of the Bipolar Depression Rating Scale in Iranian population has provided the suitable and reliable psychometric features.}, Keywords = {bipolar depression rating scale, reliability, consistency, factorial analysis, cutoff point}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {60-68}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2355-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2355-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Kamalzadeh, Leila and Alavi, Kaveh and Salehi, Mansour}, title = {Comorbidity of Bipolar Disorder and Multiple Paraphilias: A Case Report}, abstract ={Objectives: To introduce a patient with bipolar disorder type1 who developed multiple paraphilic behavior. Case report: A 25 year old man with history of bipolar disorder type 1 along with paraphilic behaviors including frotteurism, fetishism, transvestism, voyeurism, and oppositional behaviors, lower than normal intelligence and possible history of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was referred and treated by valpiroic acid (Depakine), risoeridone, naltrexone, and finasteride. Conclusion: It is important to consider the psychiatric comorbidity of mood disorder and paraphilic disorders for proper evaluation and treatment of the patient and also for preventing the medication interactions.}, Keywords = {bipolar disorder, paraphilia, case report}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {69-74}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2358-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2358-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {EslamiShahrbabaki, Mahin and Nasirian, Mansoureh}, title = {Importance of Considering Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Young Children:}, abstract ={Objectives: Considering and evaluation of suicidal thoughts in children. Case report: This report introduces a five years old child who presented with the signs and symptoms of threaten to suicide and homicide by knife, restlessness, verbosity, irritability, verbal and physical aggression toward others. This child has been treated with methylphenidate, due to symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) for a short period of time. During the preparation of this report, he was hospitalized in the children’s psychiatric ward of Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kerman for the second time after a short interval from the first-time hospitalization. Suicidal and homicidal thoughts of this child and his attempts for suicide or homicide were possibly due to non-abstract thinking related to his age without ability to think about consequences of these actions. Conclusion: Suicidal and homicidal thoughts or actions should be evaluated carefully even in the children, and also the appropriate interventions should be performed to reduce these behaviors.}, Keywords = {suicidal, homicidal, preschool children, bipolar disorder}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {75-78}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2359-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2359-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {EslamiShahrbabaki, Mahin and Iranpoor, Mohadeseh}, title = {The Problems of Accessibility of Autistic Children and their Parents to Treatment and Rehabilitation Services in Iran}, abstract ={Letter to the Editor}, Keywords = {autistic children, parents, treatment and rehabilitation,services}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {79-81}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2375-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2375-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Amini, Homayou}, title = {Editorial}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Editorial}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {85-87}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2430-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2430-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Akbari, Mehdi and Roshan, Rasool and Shabani, Amir and Fata, Ladan and Shairi, Mohammad Reza and Zarghami, Firouzeh}, title = {The Comparison of the Efficacy of Transdiagnostic Therapy Based on Repetitive Negative Thoughts with Unified Transdiagnostic Therapy in Treatment of Patients with Co-occurrence Anxiety and Depressive Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the present study was comparison between the efficacy of Transdiagnostic Therapy Based on Repetitive Negative Thoughts (TTRNT) with Unified Transdiagnostic (UT) therapy in treatment of patients with co-occurrence anxiety and depressive disorders. Method: In the present study, 45 patients with at least one principle diagnosis and one co-principle in the field of anxiety and depressive disorders randomly assigned to three groups of TTRNT, UT as well as waiting list group. Two treatment groups received correspondent treatments. For data collection, the participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory-second edition (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) during the three stages of pre-test, post-test and a period of six-month follow-up. The data of the study were analyzed through analysis variance with mixed repeated measures, post-hoc main effect, and clinical significance changes criteria. Results: The results of the present study demonstrated that both treatments in comparison with waiting list decreased the symptoms of the patients with co-occurrence anxiety and depressive disorders (p<0.001). However, the TTRNT was more effective than UT in improvement of anxiety, general function, and negative affect (p<0.05), but there was not any meaningful difference between these two treatments in decreased the depression (p>0.05). Also, the UT has better function in increasing the positive affect (p<0.05). Furthermore, evaluation of the clinical significance changes criteria indicated that the group of TTRNT for principle and co-principle diagnosis achieved to 23% and 29% more than UT group in high end-state functioning (HESF) at the end of follow-up period, respectively. Conclusion: The transdiagnostic therapy based on repetitive negative thoughts is more effective than unified transdiagnostic therapy in improving the symptoms of the patients with the co-occurrence anxiety and depressive disorders.}, Keywords = {transdiagnostic therapy based on the repetitive negative thoughts, unified transdiagnostic therapy, co-occurrence anxiety and depressive disorders}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {88-107}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2416-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2416-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {RazavizadehTabadkan, Bi bi Zohreh and Shareh, Hossei}, title = {To Compare the Effectiveness of the Metacognitive Group Therapy and the Group training of the Life Skills on Improving the Depression, Quality of Life, The Style of Ruminative Response and Metacognitions in the Divorced Women}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of metacognitive group therapy and the group training of the life skills on depression, quality of life, the style of ruminative responding, and meta-cognitive believes of the divorced women. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with uni-variable pre-test post-test design, 24 divorced women who referred for treatment of depression were randomly assigned to one of the two therapeutic groups (meta-cognitive therapy and life skills training). The patients of the metacognitive group therapy received 8 sessions of treatment and also patients in the group of life skills received the 8 sessions of educational program for life skills. Data were gathered in two stages of pre-treatment and post-treatment by using of Beck Depression Inventory-2nd edition (BDI-II), Metacognitive Questionnaires-30 (MCQ-30), Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS), and World Health Organization Quality of Life-short form (WHOQOL-BREF). Two questionnaires of The Clinical Global Impressions Index (CGI) and Clinical Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ) were completed by the participants at the end of interventions. Results: Data showed that meta-cognitive group therapy significantly improved positive beliefs about worry (p=0.03), general clinical improvement (p=0.01) and impression index (p=0.003), and also clinical satisfaction (p=0.04). Yet, there was not any meaningful difference between two groups in the other variables. Conclusion: Metacognitive group therapy improved the positive beliefs about worry, general clinical improvement, and clinical satisfaction in divorced women.}, Keywords = {divorced women, depression, quality of life, group therapy, metacognition, life skills}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {108-120}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2420-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2420-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {MohseniEzhiyeh, Alireza and Abedi, Ahmad and Behnamnejad, Nasri}, title = {Designing and Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of Autism Spectrum Disorders Diagnosis Scale (ASDDS) According to DSM-5}, abstract ={Objectives: The present study has been performed with the aim of designing and evaluating the psychometric properties of Autism Spectrum Disorders Diagnosis Scale (ASDDS). Method: This study is an instrumental and validity evaluation. The statistical community of the research consisted of all children with autism spectrum who live in Isfahan. Among them, 100 patients were selected by method of convenient sampling, and also their mothers or trainers  were asked for responding the scales of study. The tools of data gathering included demographic information and a researcher-made scale named Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis Scale (ASDDS) according to reversion of DSM-5. Also, Giliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS) and Children Autism Rating Scale (CARS) were used for evaluating the concurrent validity. Results:  The results of the psychometrics of the scale indicated appropriate content, convergent and diagnostic validity, and internal consistency as well as the scale stability over the time. The correlation coefficient between sub-scales showed very high correlation between the sub-scales. The results obtained from the confirmatory factorial analysis indicated that the DSM-5 model is appropriate for scale. In addition, the general reliability of the scale by using of Cronbach;#39s alpha was 0.88. Conclusion: the results demonstrated that Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis Scale (ASDDS) is a suitable tool for diagnosing autism spectrum disorders based on DSM-5 in children and adolescents.}, Keywords = {Autism Spectrum Disorders Diagnosis Scale (ASDDS), validity, reliability, autism spectrum disorders}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {121-131}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2419-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2419-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mousavi, Ashraf Sadat and Azadfalah, Parviz and Farahani, Hojatolah and Dehghani, Mohse}, title = {The Validity, Reliability and Factorial Structure of the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (CSDS)}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate validity, reliability and factorial structure of the Persian version of the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (CSDS). Method: The method of translation- back translation was used for regulating the Persian version of the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (CSDS). A total of 413 questionnaires (234 females and 179 males) were completed for CSDS factorial structure by the method of convenient sampling for different disciplines (technical, basic science and human science) in Tehran University. In order to estimate test-retest reliability, 28 female students have responded two times during two weeks and 26 male students have responded two times during five weeks to Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (CSDS),. Also, 55 female student and 45 male students were evaluated for convergent validity. In addition to Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (CSDS), Personal Feeling Questionnaire (PFQ), Levels of Self-Criticism Scale (LSCS) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used for gathering the information. Data analysis was performed by using of Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and exploratory factorial analysis. Results: Factorial analyses showed four factors for male items (23 items): “inconsideration and lack of obligation”, “neglect”, “risk taking” and “stupefaction” and three factors for female items (19 items): “neglect and risk taking”, “irregularity”, and “lack of preservation and planning”. Four factors of male scale and three factors of female scale determined 50.5% and 45.4% of the total variance score, respectively. Cronbach Alpha coefficients were 0.849 and 0.845 for men and women, respectively.  The Cronbach Alpha coefficients were 0.865-0.698 for men and 0.685-0.800 for women. The internal consistency of the scale was confirmed through calculating the Pearson correlation among score of factors together and also with total score and Spearman correlation coefficient between items of each factor. Convergent validity was verified by calculation of Pearson correlation coefficient between total score and the score of the factors of CSDS to scores of depression, the feel of shame and guilt, internalized self-criticism, and comparative self-criticism. Conclusion: The results supported the validity, reliability and factorial structure of Persian version of CSDS for using in researches.}, Keywords = {Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale, factorial structure, validity, reliability}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {132-143}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2429-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2429-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Jamil, Leili and AtefVahid, Mohammadkazem and Dehghani, Mahmoud and Habibi, Mojtab}, title = {The Mental Health Through Psychodynamic Perspective:The Relationship between the Ego Strength, The Defense Styles, and the Object Relations to Mental Health}, abstract ={Objectives: The present study has been performed by the aim of investigating the predictive role of the ego strength, the object relations and the defense styles on the mental health. Method: The community of the present study consisted of students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Iran University of Medical Sciences. Total of 700 subjects (including 280 males and 420 females) were selected as clustering multi stage methods and they completed the questionnaires of Barron;#39s Ego Strength Inventory (ESS), Bell;#39s Object Relation Inventory (BORI), Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) & General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Data were analyzed by using of the Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression. Results:  The ego strength, the object relations and the defense styles had meaningfully correlation to the mental health. Also, the analysis of hierarchical regression demonstrated that these variables can determine 37% of variance of the total score of mental health in students. Conclusion: Generally, understanding the effective ingredients on mental health and their predictive rate assists not only to acquire the preventive approach but also to improve the mental health. Furthermore, it determines the direction of the treatment and also it facilitates the process of therapy.}, Keywords = {psychodynamic perspective, ego strength, object relations, defense styles, mental health}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {144-154}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2457-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2457-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Khodabakhshi, Mahdi and Malekpour, Mokhtar and Abedi, Ahm}, title = {To Evaluate the Effectiveness of theTraining based on Theory of Mind on the Function of mind reading and the Executive Functions in the Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders}, abstract ={Objectives: The present study has been performed for investigating the effect of training based on theory of mind  on mind reading function and executive functions in children with autism spectrum disorders. Method: The research design was a controlled randomized clinical trial. 24 children with ASD (22 boys and 2 girls), aged 6-12 years that were matched according to IQ and gender were assigned to experimental group and control group, randomly. The participants of the experimental group to attend in the educational program based on theory of mind for 25 weeks (100 sessions); while participants of the control group only received common daily educational programs. Mind reading and executive functions were measured before and after providing the intervention. In addition, the follow up test was performed two months after completed intervention. Results: The results of repeated measures  test demonstrated that the effect of time factor was significantly meaningful in primary, real and total mind reading. The meaningful interaction of the time factor and group membership indicated that training based on theory of mind significantly resulted in improvement of  primary, real, advanced and total score of mind reading function in the experimental group at post-test and follow up times. Also, results showed that the effect of time factor was significantly meaningful in the subscales of planning- problem solving, emotional-behavioral organizing, and total score of the executive functions scale. Significant interaction of time and group membership factors indicated that training based on theory of mind significantly decreased emotional-behavioral organizing and total scores of executive functions scale at the post-test and follow up times in comparison with pretest time. Conclusion: These results showed that the training based on theory of mind is an important factor for improvement of mind reading and executive functions in children with autism spectrum disorders. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed in the following text.}, Keywords = {Theory of mind, mind reading, executive function, autism spectrum disorders}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {155-166}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2468-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2468-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Dalaei, Mojgan and Ashouri, Ahmad and Habibi, Mojtab}, title = {The Relationship between Solidarity and Flexibility of the Family and the Styles of Parenting to Stress of Mothers in Child Breeding District 1 of Tehran}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the present study was evaluation the relationship between solidarity and flexibility of the family and the styles of parenting to the severity of the stress of mothers in Child Breeding in the district 1 of Tehran. Method: The statistics community of this study included mothers of children aged between 3 to 6 years, and also these mothers have taken their children to the kindergartens of the district 1 of Tehran. The statistical samples in this study consisted of 192 mothers who were selected randomly. The mothers completed the questionnaire of the Bamrind Method of Parenting , the questionnaire the Scale of Solidarity and Flexibility of the Family and the questionnaire of the Stress of Mothers in Child Breeding. Results: The results demonstrated that there is meaningful correlation between solidarity and flexibility of the family and the methods of parenting to the severity of the stress of mothers in child breeding (P<0.01). The results of the multi-variant regression analysis indicated that the balanced solidarity, disturbed flexibility and autocratic parenting have the most effects on prediction of the stress of mothers in child breeding. Conclusion: Solidarity and flexibility of the family as well as the methods of parenting have positive correlation to the severity of the stress of parents in upbringing the children}, Keywords = {olidarity and flexibility of family, styles of child breeding, stress of child breeding}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {167-174}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2417-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2417-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Azarnik, Somayeh and Seddigh, Ruohollah and Keshavarz-Akhlaghi, Amir-Abbas and Memaryan, Nadereh}, title = {Educational Resources of Psychiatry Residency about Spirituality in Iran: A Qualitative Study}, abstract ={Objectives: Many psychiatric studies increasingly have focused on the spirituality and the concepts related to it are educated by many universities around the world. In spite of the activities for removing the available defects in this field in Iran, but there is not any clear picture about what subjects of spirituality should be read by medical residents. The aim of the present study is responding to this question in the field of psychiatriy. Method: In this study, the Educational resources of psychiatry residency were analyzed by using of the analyzing the inductive qualitative content method. The considered resources were final board exam psychiatric reference textbooks in 2014, the published articles in the Iranian  journals in the field of education over the past 10 years as well as the articles from the foreign journals which have been used in the this field over the past 20 years. Results: A total of 153 paragraphs and 9 tables in the reference textbooks and 37 articles in the journals were available for spirituality and its related issues. In the qualitative analysis of the texts, results were classified into the 5 groups and 20 subgroups. The themes were: fundamental perspective to spirituality, to need spirituality in the difficulties, spirituality in the treatment, spirituality as mediator, and negative spirituality. Conclusion: The subject of spirituality in psychiatric has been considered in the relatively high volume of the resources of the psychiatric board exam in Iran. Therefore, it shows the importance of this issue; however, the volume is small in comparison with the total volume of the references. In addition, due to its dispersal and concealment among the other learning subjects, its education and functionality faces to difficulties.}, Keywords = {spirituality, religion, residency, psychiatry, education }, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {175-186}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2452-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2452-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {AlagbandRad, Javad and Artounian, Valentin and Shahrivar, Zahra and Mohamadi, Abolfazl}, title = {Introducing Adult Developmental Disorders Clinic in Roozbeh Hospital}, abstract ={Letter to the Editor}, Keywords = {Adult Developmental Disorders clinic, Adult ADHD, Adult ASD}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {187-189}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2431-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2431-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {khorshidvand, Zeinab and RahimianBoogar, Isaac and Talepasand, Siavash}, title = {Comparison of Temperament–character Dimensions of Personality among Patients with Separation Anxiety Disorder and Healthy Individuals}, abstract ={Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare temperament-character dimensions of personality among patients with separation anxiety disorder and healthy person. Method: This research has Ex Post Facto Research Design. The sample consisted of 200 female students from Tehran and Shahed universities who were selected through convenient sampling method. The participants were assessed by the 27-item Adult Separation (ASA-27), the Structured Clinical Interview for Separation Anxiety Symptoms in Adults (SCI-SAS), and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that, compared to healthy individuals, the group with adult separation anxiety obtained significantly higher scores on harm avoidance and reward dependence (p<0.001) and significantly lower scores on self-directedness (p<0.001) and cooperativeness (p<0.01). Conclusion: Temperament-character dimensions of personality play a significant role in intensifying and maintaining the clinical characteristics of adult separation anxiety disorder.}, Keywords = {separation anxiety disorder, temperament, character, adulthood}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {193-201}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2469-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2469-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Pahlavan, Mina and Mootabi, Fereshteh and Mazaheri, Mohammadali}, title = {Reaction to Marital Conflict: An Intergenerational Study}, abstract ={Objectives: This research was conducted to compare the reaction of married people to marital conflict among three generations of women and two generations of men. Method: The study was a qualitative research and the target population was all married people belonging to last three generations living in Tehran in 2014. Sampling was conducted in two stages using convenience and purposive methods. Data were collected through in-depth interview with a total of 45 people, with 9 people in each generation group (the first, second and third generation of women and the second and third generation of men). The interviews with women were conducted at their residences and with men were done over the telephone. The collected data were coded using content analysis method. Results: In this research, information was gathered through interviews with 9 daughters, 9 mothers and 9 grandmothers with an average (±SD) age of 27±2.5, 49±4.7 and 71±6.1, respectively. Also, interviews were conducted with 9 sons and 9 fathers with an average (±SD) age of 28±1.2 and 45±6.3, respectively.  Data analysis showed that conflict avoidance in the second generation was more than the third generation. Compared with the women, men reported less conflict avoidance in bringing up the conflicting issues. Conclusion: It seems that some factors such as people’s age differences, life cycle and differences in standards influence their behavior during marital conflict.}, Keywords = {marital conflict, reaction to conflict, generation}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {202-214}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2475-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2475-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {AbbasabadArabi, Hadi and Bastani, Faride and Navab, Elham and Haghani, Hami}, title = {Investigating Quality of Life and its Relationship with Emotional Intelligence (EQ) in Elderly with Diabetes}, abstract ={Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the quality of life of the elderly with diabetes and its association with emotional intelligence. Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive- correlational study, conducted on 85 older adults with diabetes who were referred to Diabetes Clinic of Shariati Hospital in Tehran. To assess quality of life Leipad Quality of Life in the elderly Questionnaire and for emotional intelligence Shrink Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed through SPSS v.16. Results: The findings showed that the mean total scores of quality of life and emotional intelligence in elderly with diabetes is moderate to high. The quality of life and emotional intelligence in elderly men were higher compared to elderly women. The quality of life had a significant relationship with level of education, marital status and housing (p<0.05), but there were no significant relationships between quality of life, age and economic status (p>0.05). There were significant relationships between emotional intelligence and educational level, marital status and housing (p<0.05) but no significant relationship between emotional intelligence with age and economic status (p>0.05). Overall, the results showed positive association between emotional intelligence and quality of life in elderly individuals with diabetes (r=0.536 and p<0/01). Conclusion: Considering the positive association between emotional intelligence and quality of life of elderly with diabetes, planning with a focus on emotional intelligence and its dimensions in elderly with diabetes may lead to improvement in their quality of life.}, Keywords = {elderly, diabetes mellitus, quality of life, emotional intelligence}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {215-224}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2473-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2473-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mazhari, Shahrzad and Pourrahimi, Ali Mohammad and Parvaresh, Nooshin and EslamiShahrbabaki, Mahin and Yazdani, Mostaf}, title = {Relation of Visual and Representational Pseudoneglect and Attention Deficit in Patients with Schizophrenia}, abstract ={Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate pseudoneglect from visual and representational dimensions and its relation to attention deficit in patients with schizophrenia. Method: A group of 30 patients with schizophrenia and a group of 30 healthy individuals were recruited using convenient sampling method . Four tests were used to examine pseudoneglect: Line Bisection Task (LBT), Mental Bisection Task (MBT), Star Cancellation Task (SCT), and Mental Dice Task (MDT). To evaluate attention, the Trail Making Test (TMT) (A and B) and WAIS III Digit Symbol Coding (DSC) were used. Results: Normal individuals, marked bisection line leftward significantly (p=0.03) on the LBT , but this  was not observed in patients. Also, on MBT, the normal individuals significantly reported lower score from real middle score, though it was not observed in patients. Mean biases in LBT had a significant positive correlation with TMT A (r=0.42, p=0.001) and mean biases in MBT had positive correlation with TMT B (r=0.29, p=0.023), and negative correlation with Symbol Coding test A (r=0.30, p=0.018). Conclusion: Research findings indicate a possibly lack of pseudoneglect and the presence of an anomalous brain asymmetry in patients with schizophrenia.}, Keywords = {schizophrenia, pseudoneglect, attention}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {225-235}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2491-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2491-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mohammadzadeh, Ali}, title = {Investigating the Relationships between Death Obsession, Religious Coping, Acting on Religious Beliefs, and Attachment to God}, abstract ={Objectives: Depending on different circumstances, religious variables may reduce or stimulate pathological attitudes towards death. The present study was carried out with the aim of investigating the relationships between death obsession, religious coping, acting on religious beliefs and attachment to God. Method: In a correlational study, a sample of 300 participants was selected using stratified sampling method.  Participants responded to Death Obsession, Acting on Religious Beliefs, Religious coping, and Attachment to God Scales. Data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: Among religious variables, insecure attachment to God and negative religious coping had greater contribution in predicting death obsession. Conclusion: Those whose beliefs about God are a source of punishment rather than love, and those who are doubtful and anxious in accepting God as a secure base may experience more death obsession.}, Keywords = {attitudes towards death, obsessive behavior, religious beliefs}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {236-243}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2470-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2470-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mokhtari, Hamid and Rabiei, Mehdi and Salimi, Seyed Hossie}, title = {Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale in Iran. Method: This was a descriptive/survey (validation) study. First, the Persian version of the ASRS was prepared using translation-back translation procedure. Then, this scale along with the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales-Self-Report: Short Version (CAARS-S: S), the Substance Abuse Attitude Survey (SAAS) questionnaire, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) were administered to 330 clients (181 males and 149 females), ages 18 to 45, from counseling centers in Mashad who were selected through multistage cluster sampling procedure. In order to assess the diagnostic validity, the scale was also administered to two groups of normal (30 participants) and adults with ADHD (30 participants). Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical package and Amos Graphics. Results: Correlation analysis results showed convergent relationships between the ASRS and BIS (r=0.566, p<0.01) and SAAS (r=0.45, p<0.01) and concurrent relationship with Conners’ scale (r=0.566, p<0.01). The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed that all of the eighteen items had acceptable factor loadings. None of the questions were eliminated. The two factors of attention deficit and hyperactivity/impulsivity were confirmed. The analysis indicated that sensitivity of ASRS, with 50 as the cutoff point for diagnosing ADHD, is 70% and its specificity is 99%. Conclusion: The Adult ADHD Self-Report Rating Scales has sufficient validity and reliability in evaluating and assessing the problems of hyperactivity in adults.}, Keywords = {adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, reliability, validity}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {244-253}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2472-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2472-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {RanjbarKermani, Fateme and Mazinani, Robabeh and Fadaei, Farbod and Dolatshahi, Behrooz and Rahgozar, Mehdi}, title = {Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Social Distance and Dangerousness Scales to Investigate Stigma Due to Severe Mental Illness in Iran}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Social Distance and Dangerousness scales used for studying stigma of severe mental illnesses. Method: In a cross sectional study, Social Distance and Dangerousness scales were administered to 200 mental health workers of Razi Psychiatry Hospital who were selected through random sampling procedure. The reliability of the scales was assessed through internal consistency and test-retest procedures.  The content and construct validity were also assessed. Results: Cronbach’s alpha for the Social Distance and Dangerousness scales were 0.92 and 0.96, respectively. Test-retest reliability coefficients for the two scales were 0.89 and 0.88, respectively. The content validity coefficients of the scales were 0.75 and 0.77. Factor analysis of each scale yielded one factor. The social rejection factor accounted for 76% of the Social Distance scale and the dangerousness factor accounted for 74% of the Dangerousness scale. Conclusion: The results indicate that the Persian version of the Social Distance and Dangerousness scales have satisfactory psychometric properties and can be used to measure the stigma of severe mental illness in Iran.}, Keywords = {Social Distance Scale, Dangerousness Scale, reliability, validity}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {254-261}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2471-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2471-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Nourian, Manijeh and MohammadiShahboulaghi, Farahnaz and Nourozi, Kian and Rassouli, Maryam and Biglarrian, Akbar}, title = {Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Wagnild and Young’s Resilience Scale in Institutionalized Adolescents}, abstract ={Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the factor structure and reliability of the Persian version of “Wagnild and Young’s Resilience Scale” in institutionalized adolescents. Method: Considering Wild et al approach the scale was translated to Persian and back-translated; its content and face validity were determined on the basis of comments of specialists in fields of nursing, psychology, social welfare and institutionalized adolescence. Based on inclusion criteria convenience sampling was used and 223 adolescences were investigated. The tool’s construct validity was assessed by confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used for assessing internal consistency. For reliability, test-retest within a two-week interval was used. Results: The result of confirmatory factor analysis (first time) was not confirmative for two factors of scale in Persian version. Exploratory Factor analysis revealed five factors explaining 43.80 of variance of total scores. Data goodness of fit was shown with Persian version of five factors model using confirmatory factor analysis (second time). The Cronbach’s alpha for the whole scale was 0.77, and intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC) within two times application of scale in two weeks interval was 0.90 (p<0.001). The mean score of adolescents’ resilience scale (RS) was 84.41±11.01, which was assessed moderate. Conclusion: Persian version of RS can measure various dimensions of resiliency in institutionalized adolescents and has suitable validity and reliability.}, Keywords = { factor structure, reliability, adolescents, Wagnild and Young’s Resilience Scale}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {262-273}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2474-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2474-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {History of Tehran Psychiatric Institute}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Institute,Psychiatric,Tehran,History}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {274-276}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2513-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2513-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Naghavi, Azam}, title = {Qualitative Study of Spirituality and Resilience from the Perspective of Iranian Immigrant Women in Melbourne (Australia)}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the current study was to qualitatively investigate spirituality and resilience from the perspective of a group of Iranian immigrant women in Melbourne (Australia). Method: The study was performed using qualitative ethnographic research method. Thus, the target population was observed for 2.5 years and took part in semi-structured in-depth interviews and informal conversations. Results: The results showed that the majority of participants experienced high resilience and the spirituality/religiosity was one of the most effective factors in adapting to existing situation. Also, the experience of resilience and spirituality had led to a feeling of psychological health. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, spirituality/religiosity not only can create a framework for finding meaning in pain, and dealing with crisis but also can enhance the individual’s psychological health.}, Keywords = {religiosity/spirituality, resilience, psychological health, Iranian immigrant women}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {281-296}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2524-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2524-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Habibi, Mojtaba and HajiSheykhi, Mohsen and Lavaf, Hanie}, title = {The Relationship between Paternal Lifestyle and Parenting Style: The Role of Father\'s Drug Addiction}, abstract ={Objectives: The present study was performed to examine the relationship between fathers’ lifestyles and parenting styles of drug addicts compared to normal individuals. Method: The study sample consisted of 173 addicted subjects referred to addiction treatment centers in Tehran and 195 normal subjects selected using convenience sampling method. Data were obtained using Basic Adlerian Scales for Interpersonal Success-Adult form (BASIS_A), and Baumrind Parenting Styles; and were analyzed using Pearson's correlation, multiple linear regression, and MANOVA. Results: Some lifestyles’ subscales significantly predicted parenting styles in addicted and normal subjects. There was no significant difference between the two groups considering the relationships between paternal parenting styles and children’s gender and family structure. Conclusion: The results support the influence of father's lifestyle on his parenting style. Thus, the lifestyle should be emphasized as a crucial psychological issue.}, Keywords = {lifestyle, parenting, gender}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {297-307}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2520-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2520-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Aghayousefi, Alireza and Saravani, Shahzad and Zeraatee, Roghayeh and Razeghi, Fatemeh Sadat and Pourabdol, Saee}, title = {Prediction of Students’ Academic Performance Based on Attachment Styles and Different Levels of Adjustment}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the present study was to predict students’ academic performance based on attachment styles and different levels of adjustment. Method: This is a correlational study. Samples included 383 students (167 girls and 216 boys) who were chosen using multi-stage cluster sampling from high school students of district 2 in Tehran; they completed Collins and Read’s Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) and Singha and Sing’s Adjustment Inventory for high School Students (AISS). Students' grade-point averages were used to measure their academic performance. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and analysis of regression. Results:  The results revealed a significant negative correlation between avoidant and anxiety attachment styles with academic performance (p<0.05; r=-0.43, r=-0.56, respectively), and significant positive correlation (p<0.05, r=0.56) between safe attachment style and academic performance. Also, academic, emotional and social adjustment had a significant relationship with students’ academic performance (r=0.66, r=0.67, r=0.71, respectively; p<0.05). About 62% variance of academic performance was predictable by attachment and adjustment styles. Conclusion: Considering the results of the current study, the importance of attachment styles and different levels of adjustment should be considered as important factory in academic achievement of students.}, Keywords = {academic performance, attachment styles, Adjustment}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {308-316}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2527-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2527-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kiani, Behnaz and Hadianfard, Habib}, title = {Psychometric Properties of a Persian Self-Report Version of Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Rating Scale (version IV) for Screening Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the current study was to develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of Persianself-report version ofSwanson, Nolan and Pelham rating scale (version IV) (SNAP-IV). Method: The study population consisted of all 13 to 15 year-old female students of Shiraz city. To prepare the Persian self-report form of SNAP-IV rating scale, the English text of the scale (parent form) was translated into Farsi. Then some changes were made in the translated text in line with self-report form of the scale. The content, response framework, and expressiveness of Persian form were confirmed by psychologist referees. Then, 290 students who were selected through convenient sampling method completed the questionnaire. To assess construct validity, the Letter-Number Sequencing subtest was conducted on 30 students. Also, SNAP-IV rating scale (parent form) was given to the parents of these 30 students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and skewness), Pearson’s correlation and exploratory factor analysis. Results: The results of the exploratory factor analysis revealed two distinct factors of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. These two factors explained 38.23% of total variance. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Spearman-Brown coefficient and Guttman split-half coefficient for inattention dimension were 0.81, 0.81 and 0.80, respectively and for hyperactivity/impulsivity were 0.75, 0.65 and 0.64, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results, the Persian self-report version of the SNAP-IV can be used for assessing and screening adolescents with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.}, Keywords = {attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, self-report Persian form of SNAP-IV rating scale, adolescents}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {317-326}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2523-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2523-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Seyedmousavi, Parisa sadat and Mazaheri, Mohammadali and Ghanbari, Saee}, title = {Psychometric Properties of Parental and Intimate Partner Acceptance-Rejection in Students}, abstract ={Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of acceptance- rejection of parents (mother and father version) and spouse questionnaire. Method: 220 married participants (120 women and 100 men) were selected using multiphase cluster sampling from 4 universities in city of Tehran and completed parental acceptance-rejection (adult PARQ), intimate partner acceptance-rejection (IARQ) and personality assessment questionnaires. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Content validity of questionnaires was confirmed by 3 experts. The internal consistency in all versions was more than 0.80 and test-retest reliability showed stability of scores after 3 months. The correlation of parental and spouse acceptance-rejection with subscals of psychological maladjustment confirmed criterion validity of the test. The result of confirmatory factor analysis showed sufficient fitness of 4-factor model of instrument and confirmed its construct validity. Conclusion: Overall, the finding showed good validity and reliability of parental and intimate partner acceptance-rejection instruments among Iranian students and thus can be utilized in research and clinical settings.}, Keywords = {psychometrics, psychological assessment, parents, spouse}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {327-337}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2526-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2526-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Talepasand, Siavash and Shekarro, Masoud and Kheirkhah, Mohammad Taghi}, title = {Psychometric Properties of Lucid Dream Questionnaireon University of Semnan Students}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of Lucid Dream Questionnaire in a sample of Semnan University students. Method: The population consisted of all the students of Semnan University in 2014-2015 academic year. The sample included 350 students selected by stratified random sampling method. All participants completed Lucid Dream Questionnaire, Cattell's 16 Personality Factor (16PF) questionnaire and Levenson Locus of Control questionnaire. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and correlation with external criteria. Results: Lucid Dream Questionnaire has one factor with acceptable reliability. Lucid Dream scores had moderate correlations with social boldness, dominance, emotional sensitivity, phobia, and conservative by experimentation of Cattell's Questionnaire and also with Levenson Locus of Control (LOC) subscale. Conclusion: Lucid Dream Questionnaire has appropriate reliability and validity in university of Semnan students.}, Keywords = {lucid dreams, reliabilization, validation}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {338-350}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2519-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2519-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Zandipayam, Arash and Davoudi, Iran and Mehrabizadeh, Mahnaz}, title = {Normalization and Examining Psychometric Properties of Online Game Addiction Inventory-Persian Version}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the current study was to assess the psychometric properties of Online Game Addiction Inventory in under graduate students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz. Method: Of all under graduate students in Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz during 2014-15 academic year, 300 under graduate students from Shahid Chamran University were selected using multistage random sampling method. Samples completed Online Game Addiction Inventory and Young Internet Addiction Inventory. Cronbach’s alpha was used for examining the internal consistency of Online Game Addiction Inventory. The study tool was validated using construct, criterion and convergent validity. Results: Cronbach’s alpha was calculated 0.95 for this inventory under study. Construct validity confirmed and principal component analysis with Varimax rotation identified two factors, namely, ethical and mood problems and education and employment problems, respectively. These two factors accounted for 57% of the total variance. Independent t-test results revealed significant difference on the mean scores of online game addiction between the two addicted and normal groups. The results showed a significant difference in a rate of online game addiction between two groups. Convergent validity was tested by administration of Online Game Addiction Inventory and Young Internet Addiction Inventory concurrently; correlation coefficient was obtained 0.7. Conclusion: Current study results showed appropriate psychometric features of Online Game Addiction Inventory. Therefore, it can be used for examining online game addiction in Iran.}, Keywords = {online game addiction, Young Internet Addiction Inventory, exploratory factor analysis, psychometric properties}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {351-361}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2525-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2525-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kakoee, Farangis and Arani-Kashani, Zohre and Kamali, Mohamad and Janbozorgi, Masou}, title = {Social Phobia and Its Relation to Demographic Characteristics in Adults with Stuttering Disorder}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine social phobia and its relationship with demographic characteristics in adults with stuttering disorder. Method: The present descriptive-analytic study conducted among 30 adults 18 years and older (25 male, 5 female) with stuttering disorder with high school diploma or higher education certificates. Stuttering and its severity were examined by "Severity of Stuttering Instrument-3rd edition". Social phobia measured by "Social Phobia Inventory". Data were analyzed via SPSS software using Spearman, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: Findings indicated that 26% of adults (8 of 30 people) had high level of social phobia. There was no significant relationship between social phobia and age (r=0.075, p=0.696). Also there were no significant differences in level of social phobia between women and men and subjects with different level of education (p=0.148, p=0.357). Conclusion: Social phobia is not related to demographic characteristics like age, gender or education in adult with stuttering disorder.}, Keywords = {stuttering, social phobia, demographic characteristics, adult}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {362-369}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2521-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2521-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2016} }