@article{ author = {Shahmohammadi, Shaghayegh and Yaghobi, Hamid and Bolhari, Jafar and Moshirpour, Shiri}, title = {Integration of Mental Health Care in Primary Health Care Program in Iran: A Systematic Review}, abstract ={  Objectives : The current study aimed to provide a systematic review of studies conducted between 1998 and 2008 on the primary healthcare program (PHC) in Iran. Method: Electronic and manual search of a number of internal and external databases and resources (including Pubmed, IranDoc, SID, IranPsych, Embase, PsycINFO, and Iranmedex) were conducted as well as interviews with professionals in the sector. In total, of the 156 research abstracts that were obtained, 26 reports and research programs relating to the subject of integration of mental health care in PHC in Iran were selected. Results: Studies suggest that, in its 20-year gradual expansion, the integrated program has covered 54.6% of the country’s population (specifically 95.2% of rural and 36.6% of urban population). Moreover, the total number of case findings by health workers increased from 4.3 to 14.7 persons in every thousand of the population . Nine assessments conducted to examine knowledge and attitudes of health workers and individuals in the community towards mental health indicated positive improvements in these factors. Conclusion: The integration of mental health care in PHC program has been successful in smaller cities and rural areas, but it has not been responsive to populations of large metropolitan cities in Iran. Therefore, there is an urgent need to revise this program .}, Keywords = {: mental health; primary health care services; systematic review; Iran}, volume = {19}, Number = {1}, pages = {3-8}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2017-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2017-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Abbasi, Behnood and Kimiagar, , Masoud and Shahidi, Shahriar and MohammadShirazi, Minoo and Sadeghniiat, Khosro and Payab, Moloud and Hedayati, Mehdi and Rashidkhani, Bahram and Karimi, Nastar}, title = {Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Mental Health in Elderly Subjects with Insomnia:A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial}, abstract ={  Objectives : The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary magnesium supplementation on mental health in elderly individuals with insomnia. Method: A double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 46 elderly subjects with insomnia randomly allocated to the magnesium or placebo (control) group. The groups received either 500 mg elemental magnesium or placebo, respectively, daily for eight weeks. General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were conducted at baseline and at the end of the intervention period. Serum magnesium and cortisol levels were also determined in the participants. In addition, information was obtained on anthropometric confounding factors and daily intake of magnesium, calcium, potassium and caffeine using the 24-hour Recall Questionnaire. The “Nutritionist 4” software was used for nutritional analysis. Statistical analysis was done using paired t-test to compare within-groups differences and Student's t-test to compare between-groups differences. Results: No significant differences were observed in the assessed variables between groups at baseline. Compared to the placebo group, dietary magnesium supplementation in the experimental group brought about statistically significant decreases in total GHQ-28 score (p=0.01), somatic symptoms (p=0.04), anxiety/insomnia symptoms (p=0.02), depression symptoms (p=0.001), Insomnia Severity Index (p=0.006), and serum cortisol concentration (p=0.008). Conclusion: Magnesium supplementation can affect some indices of mental health and insomnia and may hence result in improvements in general mental health in elderly people with insomnia.}, Keywords = {magnesium supplementation،mental health،insomnia،elderly}, volume = {19}, Number = {1}, pages = {9-19}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2007-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2007-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Khademi, Leili and shariat, vahi}, title = {Prevalence of Nonmedical Use of Methylphenidate (Ritalin) in Residents}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of nonmedical use of methylphenidate and the attitude toward this use in residents of clinical specialties of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: Two hundred and forty residents of clinical specialties (88 women) were selected using convenient sampling from Rasul Akram and Firouzgar Hospitals. The sample responded to a modified version of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), as well as a questionnaire of attitude toward methylphenidate use. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi square test. Results: The lifetime, one year, and one month prevalence of methylphenidate use in the sample was 48%, 23%, and 6.6%, respectively. The prevalence was significantly higher in men than in women (2=13.16 p<0.01). The main reason for the use of methylphenidate was getting prepared for the residency exam. Twenty percent of the residents had a positive and 40% had a negative attitude toward methylphenidate use. Conclusion: Nonmedical use of methylphenidate is high among residents of different specialties and many of them did not have a negative attitude toward nonmedical use of methylphenidate.}, Keywords = {methylphenidate، internship، residency، frequency of use، attitude}, volume = {19}, Number = {1}, pages = {20-27}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2006-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2006-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Asadi, Mina and Salehi, Mansour and Sadooghi, Mahmood and AfkhamEbrahimi, Azizeh}, title = {Self-esteem and Attitude Toward Body Appearance Before and After Cosmetic Rhinoplasty}, abstract ={Objectives: the current study aimed to investigate self-esteem and attitude toward body appearance before and after cosmetic rhinoplasty surgery. Method: In this pretest-posttest semi-experimental design, simple accidental sampling method was used in all patients referred for rhinoplasty surgery at the Amir Alam hospital and also at a private clinic in Tehran during the second half of 2010. Patients included in the study were those who had sought rhinoplasty surgery for cosmetic (not medical/reconstructive) reasons. 40 participants completed demographic questionnaires, and the Cooper-Smith self-esteem and Appearance Schema Inventories. Results: There were no differences in mean self-esteem scores before and after surgery. However, there was a significant difference in mean bodily appearance scores pre versus post surgery (t=3.01, df=39, p<.05) and gender did not influence this difference. Conclusion: Cosmetic Rhinoplasty surgery plays a role in improving psychological attitude toward bodily appearance and it seems that psychological factors play an important role both in seeking cosmetic rhinoplasty and in its outcome. Hence consideration of psychological factors prior to cosmetic rhinoplastic surgery is crucial.}, Keywords = {self-esteem; body appearance; rhinoplasty}, volume = {19}, Number = {1}, pages = {28-33}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2014-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2014-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Khanjani, Zeinab and Hadavandkhani, , Fatemeh and HashemiNosratAbad, Touraj and MahmoudAliloo, Majid and BakhshipourRoudsari, Abbas}, title = {Structural Relationship Between Autistic-like and Schizotypal Traits}, abstract ={  Objectives : The objective of this research was to study the relationship between autistic-like and schizotypal traits. Method: One hundred and eighty four students from Rey city, aged 16-19 were selected by cluster random sampling. They completed the Autism Quotient-Persian version (AQ) and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). The data was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Results: Analysis found a correlation between the overall AQ and SPQ scores and also between their subscales. SEM results indicated that there is a strong structural relationship between schizotypal traits and autistic-like traits (r=0.91, p<0.05) and that negative schizotypy (r=0.91) and the “communication” subscale from the AQ (r=0.61) played a central role in this relationship in comparison to other subscales. Thus autistic-like traits and schizotypal traits overlapped on interpersonal and communication dimensions. Disorganized schizotypy was also positively correlated with the “communication” subscale from the AQ. Conclusion: Autistic-like traits showed a strong structural correlation with schizotypal traits. It was also positively correlated with positive schizotypy, negative schizotypy and disorganized schizotypy. Given the considerable similarities in the symptoms of these two spectra, especially in the interpersonal domain, it is recommended that more specific and accurate criteria be considered for diagnostic distinction between the two disorders.}, Keywords = {autistic-like traits; schizotypal traits; structural relationship}, volume = {19}, Number = {1}, pages = {34-42}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2018-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2018-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Ahmadzad-Asl, Masoud and Davoudi, Farnoush and Zarei, Noushin and Mohammadsadeghi, Homa and Khademolreza, Nooshin and Rasoulian, Maryam}, title = {Design and Evaluation of an Inventory to Examine Knowledge and Attitude about Domestic Violence Against Women}, abstract ={  Objectives : The current study aimed to design and assess an inventory for the level of knowledge of and attitudes toward domestic violence against women. Method: This study was conducted in two stages. Initially we drafted an inventory based on experts opinion, then validated it based on comments from ten experts. We then piloted the inventory in a sample of 30 married women in Tehran, using Cronbach’s alpha to measure reliability. In the second stage of the study, the inventory was used in a sample of 615 married women from 22 districts in Tehran (15 samples in each cluster from 42 neighborhoods in the 22 districts in Tehran), and finally factor analysis was conducted to examine the statistical determinants in the inventory. Results: The mean (±SE) age and marriage duration in the sample were 42.6(±0.9) and 22(±0.8) years, respectively. 42.3 percent were educated at diploma level and 22.4% had higher levels of education. 82.4 percent were unemployed/housewives and 96.1% were in their first marriage. With respect to ‘knowledge’, five factors relating to violence were determined the overall mean score for ‘correct’ knowledge obtained by the study participants was 51%. Specifically, participants had the greatest knowledge about the consequences and preventability of violence, and the least amount firstly about its epidemiology and secondly about its consequences on offspring (in particular on female offspring). Reliability levels for the ‘knowledge’ and the ‘attitude’ sections of the inventory were 0.769 and 0.64, respectively. Conclusions: The developed inventory showed acceptable validity and reliability in Iranian women. Research on different aspects of knowledge about domestic violence, especially consequences on daughters, is required for appropriate interventions.}, Keywords = {domestic violence against women; spouse abuse; knowledge about domestic violence against women; attitudes toward domestic violence against women; questionnaire development}, volume = {19}, Number = {1}, pages = {43-53}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2013-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2013-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Bahrami, Fatimah and Movahedi, Ahmadreza and Marandi, Sayed Mohammad and Abedi, Ahm}, title = {Effect of Kata Training on Stereotypic Behaviors in Three Boys with Asperger Syndrome}, abstract ={  Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to determine whether kata training leads to reductions of stereotypic behaviors in Asperger syndrome. Method: In this single-subject study, three boys with Asperger syndrome were required to exercise Heian Shodan kata for 12 weeks. Changes in the severity of stereotypy was assessed at one-week intervals during the experimental phase and one month after termination of the intervention using multiple baseline method. The Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-Second Edition (GARE-SE) was used to measure stereotypic behaviors. Analysis of within and between subject effects was done using diagrams for stability envelope and data trending. Results: Training in Heian Shodan Karate decreased stereotypy in all three participants [Percentage of Non-overlapping Data (PND)=83.33% for first and second participants, PND=91.67% for the third participant] and this reduction was maintained one month after termination of the intervention. Conclusion: Long-term kata training resulted in reductions of stereotypic behaviors in three boys with Asperger Syndrome. However, research with larger sample sizes is required to examine the effectiveness of this intervention and improve confidence in the current findings.}, Keywords = {karate; Asperger syndrome; stereotypic behavior}, volume = {19}, Number = {1}, pages = {54-64}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2016-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2016-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Rajabi, Gholamreza and Naderi, Zahr}, title = {Psychometric Properties for the Persian version of the Postpartum Stress Scale}, abstract ={  Objectives : The aim of the study was to investigate factor structure of the Persian version of the Postpartum Stress Scale (PSS). Method: From accessible population and using a purposive sampling method, the current correlational study screened 142 people from all postpartum women at Zeinabiye State Maternity Hospital and gynecology and obstetrical departments in some non-state run hospitals (including Ordibehesht, Farahmandfar, Shafa, and Pars) in Shiraz during 1389 (2010-2011). Having no history of mental and physical disorders was considered as sample inclusion criteria. Data collection was based on Postpartum Stress Scale (PSS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficients and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Results: Factor structure analysis by Varimax rotation method revealed two factors including “concerns about maternal role attainment and negative body changes”, and “concerns about lack of social support” accounted for 48.98% of the scale variance. Internal consistency for the whole scale and the extracted two factors depicted the high reliability of the scale. Divergent validity coefficients were confirmed using MSPSS and RSES and convergent validity coefficients using BDI. Conclusion: The results supported the validity and reliability of the PSS with regard to testing and conceptualizing postpartum stress of Iranian citizen women.}, Keywords = { postpartum stress; Postpartum Stress Scale; factor structure; reliability; validity}, volume = {19}, Number = {1}, pages = {65-72}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2008-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2008-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Sharifi, Vandad and Abolhasani, Farid and Farhoudian, Ali and Amin-Esmaeili, Masoumeh}, title = {Which of Community-Based Services are Effective for People with Psychiatric Disorders? A Review of Evidence}, abstract ={  Objectives : The study aimed at reviewing evidence of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of community-based services for psychiatric disorders. Method: Cochrane and PubMed bibliographic databases and reference lists of relevant studies were investigated. Systematic reviews and controlled randomized clinical trials were analyzed. The inclusion criteria were having effectiveness and cost-effectiveness scales for community-based services models . These scales were compared for services delivered to patients with mild severe and mild psychiatric disorders. Results: Provided services were assertive community treatment, case management, home visit, crisis intervention services , prompting, patient and family education and supported employment. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of assertive community treatment and family education had the strongest evidence and were effective on hospital admission rate, duration of hospital stay and maintaining contact with treatment system. The evidence for other services were insufficient or contradictory. For the mild psychiatric disorders, the service models included screening of disorders and feedback alone, continuous medical education, using practice guidelines, telephone-based intervention/care, referral system and consultation- liaison service, internet-based prevention and treatment programs, school-based prevention program and collaborative care. The most effective and cost-effective models were collaborative and internet-based care programs. Some of the positive outcomes of interventions were symptom reduction, patient’s satisfaction and decrease in economic burden of disease on family. Conclusion: The evidence for the models of delivering services to patients with mild psychiatric disorders mainly support collaborative models for delivering services and for more severe disorders support active follow-up and family education. These models are effective and feasible to clinical outcomes with a desirable cost - effectiveness .}, Keywords = { psychiatric disorders; collaborative care; community mental health services; effectiveness; cost-effectiveness}, volume = {19}, Number = {2}, pages = {79-96}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2050-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2050-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Biglu, Mohammad Hossein and ChakhmachiDovom, Negin and Shahkhodabandeh, Soos}, title = {World Scientific Output with Emphasis on Iran in the Field of Psychology in MEDLINE (2000-2010)}, abstract ={Objectives: The current research objective was to study the growth and improvement of scientific productions of Iranians authors in psychology field during 2000-2010. Methods: Psychology journals listed in the JCR database subjective category were identified and then the MEDLINE database was used to retrieve and analyze the data. Data collection was restricted to 2000-2010 years. The population was determined based on the Bradford Law of Scattering, number of citations, core journals, and journals with impact factor greater than 3. Therefore, among 71 JCR psychological journals, 19 had required criteria to be included in the study. Results: All selected journals were appeared in English. Eighty four percent were from origins of USA and UK and 16% from Holland and Switzerland. Nineteen papers were by Iranian authors and thereby Iran ranking among 58 countries was 32 just before Singapore and after Argentina. Fifty six authors from 12 academic centers were corresponding authors and 11% of papers were produced with international collaborations. Conclusion: The Iranians had limited scientific productions during 2000-2010 with a relatively increasing growth.}, Keywords = {Scientometrics; Psychology; MEDLINE; Iran}, volume = {19}, Number = {2}, pages = {97-101}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2035-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2035-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Jonbozorgi, Masuod and Golchin, Neda and Alipour, Ahmad and AgahHeris, Mojg}, title = {The Effectiveness of Group Cognitive-Behavior Therapy on Decreasing Severity of Pain and Psychological Distressamong Women with Chronic Back Pain}, abstract ={  Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavior therapy on decreasing severity of pain and psychological distress among women with chronic back pain. Method: This research is a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group. Among females with chronic back pain referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital and a clinic in Tehran in 2010, 30 participants with mean age of 33 years and 7 months were selected and randomly assigned to two equal experimental and control groups. Experimental group during twelve 90-min sessions received Turk and Free cognitive-behavior therapy, and control group were just followed. All participants completed the items of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), and Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QBPDS) prior to and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using independent t-test. Results: The findings revealed a significant decrease of back pain (p<0.05), and depression, anxiety and stress symptoms (p<0.05) in experimental group who participated in therapeutic sessions. Conclusion: Cognitive-behavior therapy could minimize adverse effects of pain and decrease psychological distress by changing dysfunctional behaviors, correcting counterproductive cognitions and deteriorating sensations related to pain.}, Keywords = {cognitive-behavior therapy; psychological distress; back pain}, volume = {19}, Number = {2}, pages = {102-108}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2043-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2043-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Hosseinaei, Ali and Ahadi, Hassan and Fata, Ladan and Heidarei, , Alireza and Mazaheri, Mohamad Mehdi}, title = {Effects of Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-Based Training on Job Stress and Burnout}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of group acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on job stress and burnout among personnel of Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr branch. Method: Ninety-six personnel of Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr branch were selected by volunteer available sampling method and assigned randomly to three experimental, let’s talk and control groups. During four 1.5-hour sessions, the experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) based on the Bond and Hayes model. Let’s talk group received nutrition and sports instructions (irrelevant to ACT) during four sessions of 1.5 hours. Control group received no training. Three months after the main training and in the follow-up stage, experimental and let’s talk groups had two sessions of 1.5 hours. During these sessions previous contents were reviewed again. Before and after interventions and during follow-up stage, the examinees completed Osipow’s Occupational Stress Inventory and Maslach and Jackson Job Burnout Inventory. Data analysis was done using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Group training based on the ACT not only decreased total job stress (p<0.001) but also diminished job stress factors, including role overload (p<0.05), role ambiguity (p<0.001), role boundary (p<0.01), and responsibility (p<0.001). Besides, ACT-based training decreased personal achievement (p<0.05). Conclusion: Group ACT-based training decreases job stress but has no considerable effect on job burnout.}, Keywords = {group acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT); job stress; job burnout}, volume = {19}, Number = {2}, pages = {109-120}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2038-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2038-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Dejkam, Mahmood and ElhamiAsl, Mina and BakhshipourRoodsari, Abbas and Ghazanfari, Hadi}, title = {Modeling of Emotional Disorders of Fear and Distress Spectrum}, abstract ={Objectives: The goal of this study was modeling emotional disorders based on fear and distress factors in non-clinical Iranian population. Method: In this study which was based on structural equation modeling plan, 800 undergraduate students from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were selected by a multi-level clustering method, and were asked to complete Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire (APPQ), Phobic Stimuli Response Scale (PSRS), Social Phobia Inventory (SPI)، 4th edition of GAD Questionnaire (GADQ-IV), General Behavior Inventory (GBI), and second edition of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: The results showed that symptoms of panic, agoraphobia, social and specific phobia disorders loaded on fear factor and distress consisted of depression, dysthymia and generalized anxiety. This finding proved stability and repetition of internalization spectrum disorder modeling based on both fear and distress factors. Conclusion: Although, these findings were congruent with previous research performed in western societies, making conclusion about reliability and universality of two-factor structure of internalization spectrum disorders, in general, and specifically its reliability in Iranian society, require further studies.}, Keywords = {dimensional classification; emotional disorders; depression; fear; comorbidity}, volume = {19}, Number = {2}, pages = {121-133}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2040-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2040-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Noee, Zahra and Abolhassani, Farid and Sharifi, Vandad and Amine-Esmaeili, Masoumeh and Mosavineia, Seyed Jafar}, title = {Patients Satisfaction of the Role of Case Manager in Community Mental Health Center (CMHC)}, abstract ={Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate patients satisfaction of case managers’ performance and their telephone follow-up based on the collaborative care model in Community Mental Health Center (CMHC). Method: For conducting current descriptive study, out of 991 subjects, 131 were randomly selected and investigated for their satisfaction of case managers’ behavior and service. Investigations were carried out by psychologist using telephone contact method. The data were analyzed by descriptive method. Results: Of all follow-ups, %75.6 of examinees answered to the case managers telephones and from these people, 94.6% were satisfied of telephone contacts and case managers’ performance. Conclusion: Case manager could improve patients’ acceptance and satisfaction of treatment process.}, Keywords = {case manager; patient satisfaction; CMHC; psychiatry }, volume = {19}, Number = {2}, pages = {134-138}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2033-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2033-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Noferesty, Azam and Anary, Asieh}, title = {Early Maladaptive Schemas in Sex and Non- Sex Offenders}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare early maladaptive schemas in sex and non-sex offenders. Methods: In current descriptive post-hoc study, 45 sex offenders were selected by voluntary sampling method from Tehran Ghezel Hesar and Karaj Rajaei Shahr prisons. Forty five homogeneous non-sex offenders in terms of age, marital status, education and job were selected from Karaj detention camp. The short form of Young Schema Questionnaire was administered to both groups and the data was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and stepwise discriminate analysis. Results: The mean score of non-sex offenders for subjugation schema was higher than that of sex offenders (p=0.006). The stepwise discriminate analysis showed no difference between sex and non-sex offenders (p=0.001), though the subjugation and mistrust/ abuse schemas were the best predictor schemas of being in sex or non-sex offender groups. However, the success rates of stepwise discriminant analysis in predicting involvement in offender groups were not satisfactory. Conclusion: Due to the limited number of different schemas between the two groups, it seems that the core psychopathology and fundamental schemas for two types of sex and non-sex offence are approximately identical and except for schemas other factors affect the kind of offence.}, Keywords = {early maladaptive schema; sex offence; non-sex offence}, volume = {19}, Number = {2}, pages = {139-148}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2034-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2034-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Bahrami, Hadi and Eftekhar, Mehrdad and Kiamanesh, Alireza and Sokhandani, Frioozeh}, title = {Sexual Function and Self-disclosure in Unconsummated Marriages}, abstract ={Objectives: The research goal was to study the relationship between the unconsummated marriage and couples’ sexual function and sexual self-disclosure. Method: A total of 18 couples selected via an accessible sampling method answered to Spouses Sexual Disclosure Scale (SSDS), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Data Analysis was by 2 test and Pearson correlation. Results: There was a positive significant relationship between unconsummated marriage and the couples’ low sexual performance and couples’ low sexual self-disclosure. The relationship between the couples’ sexual performance and their low sexual self-disclosure was not significant. Conclusion: In couples with unconsummated marriage sexual function and sexual self-disclosure are extremely low, and these variables have interactive effects over each other.}, Keywords = {unconsummated marriage; sexual function; sexual self-disclosure}, volume = {19}, Number = {2}, pages = {149-155}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2041-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2041-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Mazhari, Shahrz}, title = {Sending Short Message System (SMS) for Mental Health Patients}, abstract ={Letter to the Editor}, Keywords = {Short Message System (SMS), Mental Health Patients}, volume = {19}, Number = {2}, pages = {156-157}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2037-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2037-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Sharifi, Vandad and Abolhasani, Farid and Farhoudian, Ali and Amin-Esmaeili, Masoumeh}, title = {Community Mental Health Centers in Iran:Planning Evidence-based Services}, abstract ={Objectives: Service delivery through Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs) is a strategy for improving urban mental health. The current paper presents the process of designing structure and planning the services for CMHCs through an evidence-based approach. Method: Using a systematic review approach, the needs and available mental health services in urban areas, and effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of mental health services for addressing those needs were identified and accordingly urban mental health services plan was devised as CMHCs. Results: Depression, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, bipolar disorders and anxiety disorders respectively comprise the top four psychiatric disorders, according to burden of diseases, in Iran. Urban areas have richer resources than rural areas in the country, though there are no out-of-hospital and out-of-office mental health services and the network system and the primary care for presenting mental health services are ineffective due to the current restrictions. Therefore, it was arranged that the CMHCs’ services being delivered to two groups of patients including patients with neurotic (depressive and anxiety) disorders and patients with severe mental and psychotic disorders. The services for neurotic patients were presented according to improving recognition style and the management of neurotic disorders conducted by general practitioners (GP) using collaborative care model and forming collaborative units. The services for patients with severe psychiatric disorders included home visiting and telephone follow up accompanied with the patient and the family psychological education provided by specialized team from the CMHCs. Conclusion: The CMHCs’ services based on scientific evidence available across the world and using national experiences and infrastructures was designed for two groups of disorders which comprised a large burden of disease in the country. These services are currently being piloted in Tehran and Zanjan.}, Keywords = {mental health; health services; mental disorders}, volume = {19}, Number = {3}, pages = {163-176}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2069-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2069-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Oraki, Mohammad and Mokri, Azarakhsh and KiaeiZiabari, Seyed Maji}, title = {Relationship between Craving for Methamphetamine and Personality Characteristics among Patients in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between craving for methamphetamine and personality characteristics of patients under methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Method: Eighty patients under MMT were chosen from Iranian National Centers for Addiction Study, Aftab Society, Aftab-e-Mehrvarzi, and a private infirmary and thereafter answered to Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and Desires for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ). Data analysis was done by one-sample t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed that the subjects obtained higher than the norm scores in novelty seeking and harm avoidance and lower than the norm scores in reward dependence, self-directedness, cooperativeness and self-transcendence. Furthermore, craving for methamphetamine had a positive correlation with novelty seeking (p<0.002), but negative correlation with cooperativeness (p<0.001). Conclusion: Through recognizing personality traits and the amount of craving for drug in patient on MMT, it is possible to predict whether they stay in or leave the treatment.}, Keywords = {personality traits; temperament and character; craving; methamphetamine; methadone maintenance treatment (MMT)}, volume = {19}, Number = {3}, pages = {177-186}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2052-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2052-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Abolfazl and Birashk, Behrooz and Gharraee, Banafsheh}, title = {Comparison of the Effect of Group Transdiagnostic Treatment and Group Cognitive Therapy on Emotion Regulation}, abstract ={  Objectives : The purpose of current study was comparison of transdiagnostic group therapy with classic group cognitive therapy on positive and negative affects and emotion regulation. Method: Thirty-three college students with anxiety and depressive symptoms were randomly assigned to two groups and participated in eight two-hour sessions. Results: In both groups, the treatment method was effective on emotion regulation components and positive and negative affects after interventions. Analysis of covariance showed the higher effectiveness of transdiagnostic on improvement of reappraisal (p=0.01) and increase of positive affection (p=0.001). Conclusion: The effectiveness of transdiagnostic group therapy in improving emotion regulation and positive affects was higher than classic group cognitive therapy. Clinical implications of findings are discussed.}, Keywords = {transdiagnostic group-therapy, emotion group therapy, emotion regulation, positive affection, negative affection}, volume = {19}, Number = {3}, pages = {187-194}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2068-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2068-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mirsepassi, Zahra and Mazinani, Robabeh and Fadai, Farbod and AliBeigi, Neda and NazeriAstaneh, Ali}, title = {Effect of Topiramate on Weight Control in Bipolar Type I Patients Receiving Lithium and Antipsychotics during Manic Episode}, abstract ={  Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of topiramate in weight gain control in bipolar patients receiving lithium carbonate and antipsychotics during their manic episode. Method: In current randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial, 46 patients with bipolar disorder in their manic episode were divided into two intervention and control groups. Both groups were treated with lithium and antipsychotics. Besides, the intervention group received topiramate and the control group received placebo . The maximum topiramate dose was 200 mg/day. The patients’ weights were assessed initially and afterwards weekly for eight weeks. Patients were evaluated using Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and analysis was done by chi-square and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: There was no statistically difference between the mean of weights in two groups at the beginning and end of the investigation (p=0.948 and p=0.254, respectively) and comparing to the beginning, there was no difference between the two groups’ weights during eight weeks of observation. Conclusion: Adjunctive treatment using topiramate (200 mg/day) was ineffective in weight gain control in manic patients receiving lithium and antipsychotics.}, Keywords = {topiramate; weight control; mania}, volume = {19}, Number = {3}, pages = {195-201}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2070-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2070-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Arabgol, Fariba and Derakhshanpour, Firoozeh and Panaghi, Leili and Sarjami, Saeedeh and Hajebi, Ahm}, title = {Effect of Therapeutic Interventions on Behavioral Problems of Abused Children}, abstract ={  Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions on psychiatric problems of abused children. Method: In current quasi-experimental study, 73 children (43 boy and 30 girl) referred to child and adolescent psychiatry clinic due to psychiatric problems or to the emergency unit, clinic and pediatric ward in Imam Hossien Hospital due to physical problems were examined and non-pharmaceutical interventions and treatments (play therapy, behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, life skills training, occupational therapy, counseling actions and school counseling, anger management training, and parenting) were administered based on family and child needs. Parenting skills training was given during 8 weekly 90-minute group sessions based on a positive parenting program. However, 2 out of 8 sessions were dedicated to describing child abuse and physical punishment and their negative effects over child and the methods of anger management. A psychologist filled out the child abuse questionnaires by receiving information from parents and from a pre-intervention interview with child. Child Behavioral Checklists (CBCL) were completed by parents prior and in the third and sixth months after intervention. The length of therapeutical interventions for every individual was 3 months. Finally, 40 interventions were completed. The data analysis was by repeated measures analysis of variance. Results : The results revealed examinees’ considerable improvement in subscales including attention problems, anxious-depressed problems, social problems, delinquent behaviors, aggressive behaviors, internalizing and externalizing problems, and general problems (for all subscales p=0.0001). Conclusion: To reduce the consequences of child abuse, early recognition and continuous intervention seems effective.}, Keywords = {child abuse, behavioral problems, interventions}, volume = {19}, Number = {3}, pages = {202-210}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2053-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2053-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ganji, Kamran and Zabihi, Rozita and Khodabakhsh, Roshanak}, title = {Preliminary Study of the Clock Drawing Pattern in Children with and without Dyscalculia}, abstract ={  Objectives : The present research was aimed to determine the clock drawing pattern in children with and without dyscalculia, and to assess Clock Drawing Test (CDT) as a screening measure in Iranian children population. Method: In current ex post facto study, 45 children with dyscalculia aged 9.5-11.7 years and 45 normal controls matched for age, gender, handedness, grades and IQ were selected through accessible sampling method. Participants were selected after completing the teacher’s and parent's form of Children Symptom Inventory (CSI), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R), Iran Keymath Mathematic Test (IKMT) and semi-structure interview according to American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV-TR). Hereafter, CDT was administered . Conceptualization of time and construction of the clock face drawing were assessed separately using Cohen and colleagues scoring system. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance . Results: The performance of children with dyscalculia was poorer than the normal children. The qualitative analysis of performance revealed errors that were subsequent to poor planning during execution of coordinative tasks. Conclusion: According to quantitative and qualitative analyses and the difference between clock drawing pattern in children with and without dyscalculia, the clock drawing test is a suitable screening measure, and a useful addition to comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation in Iranian children with dyscalculia.}, Keywords = {clock drawing test; dyscalculia; neuropsychological assessment; executive functions}, volume = {19}, Number = {3}, pages = {211-222}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2055-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2055-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Rajaei, Ali Reza and Timoree, Saeid and Ghofranee, Ali Reza and Tahereizadah, Samanah}, title = {Comparison of Personality Characteristics of Healthy Women and Women with Functional Dysphonia}, abstract ={  Objectives : This study aim was comparison of the personality characteristics of women with functional dysphonia (FD) with a healthy control group. Method: Twenty-seven women with FD and 43 healthy women matched for age, education, occupation and marital status of FD group were investigated. Using videolaryngoscopic technique and interview, the cognitive analysis of voice for standard or non - standard status was conducted. Both groups completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Data were analyzed by independent t-test. Results: The women with FD had higher scores in neuroticism (p=0.002) and conscientiousness (p=0.001) and lower scores in extraversion (p=0.002) and agreeableness (p≤0.000). Conclusion: The women with FD are differentiated from healthy women in some personality characteristics. These findings seem useful in identification of the etiology of functional dysphonia and presenting optimum treatment strategies.}, Keywords = {personality characteristics; voice disorder; dysphonia}, volume = {19}, Number = {3}, pages = {223-229}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2071-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2071-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mirzaei, Mosleh and Gharraee, Banafsheh and Birashk, Behrooz}, title = {The Role of Positive and Negative Perfectionism, Self-Efficacy, Worry and Emotion Regulation in Predicting Behavioral and Decisional Procrastination}, abstract ={  Objectives : The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of positive and negative perfectionism, self-efficacy, worry and emotion regulation in predicting behavioral and decisional procrastination. Method: In current correlational study, 365 students from Tehran University completed General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Strategies Scale (DERS), Worry Domains Questionnaire-Short Form (WDQ), Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (PNPS), Decisional Procrastination Scale (DPS) and General Procrastination Scale (GPS). The gathered data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression. Results: All variables were correlated with the behavioral and decisional procrastination (p<0.01). The stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the predictive model for behavioral procrastination consisted of general self-efficacy, difficulties in emotion regulation, positive perfectionism and worry, respectively (p<0.001). Negative perfectionism excluded from this model. For decisional procrastination the model included difficulties in emotion regulation, worry, positive and negative perfectionism (p<0.001). Conclusion: Current study emphasized the multifaceted nature of procrastination and the importance of cognitive and emotional variables in understanding procrastination . The results also confirm the detrimental role of emotion regulation in psychopathology of procrastination. However, this research wasn’t based on an integrated theoretical model about procrastination.  }, Keywords = {behavioral procrastination, decisional procrastination, self-efficacy, emotion regulation, positive perfectionism, negative perfectionism}, volume = {19}, Number = {3}, pages = {230-240}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2054-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2054-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Miroliaee, Amir Ebrahim and Shaseb, Elnaz and Ghaeli, Padideh}, title = {Lithium Induced Polyuria}, abstract ={Letter to the Editor}, Keywords = {Lithium, Induced Polyuria}, volume = {19}, Number = {3}, pages = {241-243}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2073-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2073-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Kheirkhah, Farzan and Hosseini, Seyed Reza and Fallah, Roghayyeh and Bijani, Ali}, title = {Prevalence of Cognitive Disorders in Elderly People of Amirkola (2011-2012)}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the current research was to determine the prevalence of cognitive disorders among elderly people of Amirkola during 2012-2013. Method: This study is a part of a comprehensive cohort project named as Amirkola Health and Ageing Project (AHAP) to investigate health status of 1600 elderly people (≥60 years old) in Amikola, in northern part of I.R. Iran. All elderly people in Amirkola were invited to participate in this study, at Social Determinats of Health (SDH) Research Centre, Babol University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). MMSE were used to screen cognitive impairments. Results: Prevalence of cognitive impairments was %18.3. The prevalence of cognitive impairments were higher in older aged (p<0.001), in women (p<0.001), in single people (p<0.001), in people with low educational level (p<0.001) and in those lived lonely (p=0.005). Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of cognitive disorders among elderly people of Amirkola, old-aged population screening using MMSE may be useful to early identification of cognitive impairments.}, Keywords = {cognitive disorder, elderly, Iran}, volume = {19}, Number = {4}, pages = {247-254}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2094-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2094-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Jalilolgadr, Shabnam and Barikani, Ameneh and Soltanzadi, Ate}, title = {Prevalence of Sleep Bruxism in Six Year-old Childrenin Qazvin (2011)}, abstract ={  Objectives : The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of sleep bruxism in preschool-aged children in Qazvin, Iran. Method: In a cross-sectional study, using a cluster random sampling method, 400 children aged 3 to 6 years in Qazvin were selected. Diagnosis of sleep bruxism was stablished according to the criteria of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and based on the parents reports. Data collection was done by administering Farsi version of Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and Preschool Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ) to the parents. In addition, dental examination was performed. Data were analysed using chi-square test. Results: Sleep bruxism was identified in 76 children (19%). Sex Ratio (male to female) was 1.5. Sleep bruxism showed significant relationship with positive family history of bruxism (p=0.004), nail bitting (p=0.001), dental decays (p=0.001), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (p=0.04), snoring loudly during sleep (p=0.005), sleep talking (p=0.002), excessive limb movements (p=0.02) and restless sleep (p=0.01). Conclusions: The high prevalence of sleep bruxism in preschool-aged children demonstrates the necessity to further research on this issue.  }, Keywords = {sleep bruxism, children, Iran, prevalence }, volume = {19}, Number = {4}, pages = {255-263}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2105-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2105-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Fazeli, Zahra and Shirazi, Elham and AsgharnejadFarid, Aliasgar and AfkhamEbrahimi, Azize}, title = {Effectiveness of Medication and Combined Medication and Parent Management Training on Visuo-constructive, Attentional, Behavioral and Emotional Indicators of Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of medication with and without parent management training (PMT) on visuo-constructive, attentional, behavioral and emotional indicators of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Method: In this interventional study, 18 children with ADHD combined type and their mothers were randomly allocated into a medication group (MED) and a medication plus parent management training (MED+PMT). Medication was prescribed for all affected children, for at least a five-week period. In addition, in MED+PMT group, 10 sessions of PMT was administered. The Child Symptom Inventory-4th Edition (CSI-4), Bender Gestalt Visual Motor Test, Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT), Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM), and Conners' Parent Rating Scales-Revised short form (CPRS-R-S) were administered before and after treatment. The data analysis was done by Hoteling test, t-test for independent variables, and univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: In both groups, after intervention the visuo-constructive scores were reduced and attention scores increased (p<0.05 and p<0.1, respectively).Combination treatment was effective on all relevant indices (p<0.01, in all cases). Also, medication alone caused significant changes in hyperactivity (p<0.05) and ADHD (p<0.05) indices. The oppositional behavior scores were reduced more in MED+PMT group than MED group (p<0.05). Neither medication nor combination treatment was effective on emotional indices. Conclusion: Medication is effective in treatment of cognitive impairments. However, combination of medication and parent management training causes more improvement in oppositional behaviors and interaction between parents and children.}, Keywords = {attention deficit/hyperactivity, medication, parent management training (PMT), emotional indices, behavioral indices, attention indices }, volume = {19}, Number = {4}, pages = {264-274}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2095-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2095-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ebrahimi, Hojjat and Dejkam, Mahmood and Seghatoleslam, Tahereh}, title = {Childhood Traumas and Suicide Attempt in adulthood}, abstract ={  Objectives : The current research aim was to consider the childhood traumas’ relationship with depression and suicide attempt in adulthood. Method: This study population consisted of all refereed individual to Loghman Hakim Hospital due to suicide attempt at the Fall 2011 and Winter 2012. Of these 180 people (100 females and 80 males) were selected by random sampling method and studied by inclusion-exclusion criteria. Also, 180 patients (100 females and 80 males) hospitalized during the Fall 2011 and Winter 2012 due to physical disease-without even indirect relevance with suicide- were examined. Data collection was by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The data were analyzed using discriminant functions and multivariable regression. Results: By increasing the level of childhood traumas (all subscales) the suicide attempt probability (p≤0.001) was increased (p≤0.01). Of childhood trauma the emotional abuse had the most effect on suicide attempt. Moreover, there were relationships among emotional abuse (p≤0.01), physical neglect (p≤0.001) and emotional neglect (p≤0.001). Conclusion: Childhood traumas, especially emotional abuse may lead to depression and suicide attempt in adulthood .}, Keywords = {suicide attempt, childhood trauma, depression }, volume = {19}, Number = {4}, pages = {275-282}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2090-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2090-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ataie, Shima and Fata, Ladan and AhmadiAbhari, Ali}, title = {Rumination and Cognitive Behavioral Avoidance in Depressive and Social Anxiety Disorders: Comparison between Dimensional and Categorical Approaches}, abstract ={Objectives: The current study was aimed to investigate rumination and avoidance in healthy individuals and those with depressive and social anxiety disorders. Method: Sixty patients (30 with depressive disorder, and 30 with social anxiety disorder), and 120 nonclinical participants answered research questionnaires including Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Response Styles Questionnaire (RSQ), Cognitive Behavioral Avoidance Scale (CBAS) and Post Event Processing Questionnaire (PEPQ). Discriminant function analysis revealed major differences among the groups. Results: The findings indicated significant difference between individuals with depression and those with social anxiety disorder in three variables including cognitive nonsocial avoidance (p<0.001), behavioral nonsocial avoidance (p<0.001) and rumination (p<0.001). No significant differences were found between two clinical groups in three variables of post event processing, social avoidance and distraction. Cognitive nonsocial avoidance and rumination variables were the best predictors for distinguishing social anxiety group from depressed group. Conclusion: The current study showed some overlap in cognitive psychopathology of depressive and social anxiety disorders. It seems that rumination, post event processing, and avoidance are on a continuum from normal to abnormal. However, rumination and cognitive nonsocial avoidance were distinctive features of depression. This study provided evidences supporting both dimensional and categorical approaches.}, Keywords = {categorical approach, dimensional approach, rumination, cognitive social avoidance, depressive disorder, social anxiety disorder}, volume = {19}, Number = {4}, pages = {283-295}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2088-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2088-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Taherian, Ziba and Aghaei, Asghar and Golparvar, Mohsen and VallianBoroujeni, Sadeq}, title = {Effect of Counselor Self-Disclosure on Clients Perception of Counselor\'s Social Influence in Genetic Counseling Sessions for Thalassemia}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of counselor self-disclosure on clients’ perception of counselor's social influence including expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness in genetic counseling sessions for thalassemia prior to marriage. Method: This research was an analogue study performed using simulated genetic counseling sessions with depicted scenario. Among couples referred to Isfahan Medical Genetics Center, 131 people participated to the study. We used a demographic questionnaire, a scenario of a genetic counseling session for thalassemia, and Counselor Rating Form-S (CRF-S). Three versions of the scenario were prepared: without counselor self-disclosure, with professional self-disclosure, and with personal self-disclosure. Imaginating themselves as the client, participants completed CRF-S and showed their perception of counselor's social influence. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the data. Results: Participants assessed the counselor in the personal self-disclosure scenario more trusted than in scenario without self-disclosure. Conclusion: As shown in previous studies, counselor self-disclosure may have positive effects on clients’ perception of counselor’s social influence.}, Keywords = {genetic counseling, counselor self-disclosure, counselor\'s social influence, client’s perception of counselor }, volume = {19}, Number = {4}, pages = {296-304}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2096-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2096-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Panaghi, Leili and Maleki, Gheysar and Zabihzadeh, Abbas and Poshtmashhadi, Marjan and Soltaninezhad, Zahr}, title = {Validity, Reliability, and Factor Analysis of Experiences in Close Relationship (ECR) Scale}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of current study was to investigate the validity, reliability, and factor analysis of Experience in Close Relationship (ECR) scale. Method: A sample including 391 married individuals (189 male and 202 female) were selected from different region of Tehran by convenience sampling method. In addition to the ECR scale, data collection was by administering Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale (DASS-21) and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES) for investigating the convergent and divergent validity of anxiety, and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) extraversion subscale was conducted for divergent validity of avoidant subscale. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis indicated that two factor model of ECR fit in Iranian sample. The convergent validity of anxiety was confirmed by depression and anxiety subscale of DASS-21 and the divergent validity with RSES. The divergent validity of avoidant was also confirmed by investigating its relation with extraversion subscale. The test-retest reliability over a two week period for total score and two dimensions of avoidant and anxiety were 0.87, 0.71, and 0.89, respectively. Conclusion: The psychometric characteristics of ECR in Iranian society seem satisfactory. It could be said that the ECR is a useful and reliable tool for attachment research and couple counseling in Iran.}, Keywords = {experience in close relationship questionnaire; factor analysis; validity; reliability }, volume = {19}, Number = {4}, pages = {305-313}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2086-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2086-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mazaheri, Mohammadali and Habibi, Mojtaba and Ashori, Ahm}, title = {Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES-IV)}, abstract ={Objectives: The current research aim was to study the factor analysis, reliability and validity of the Persian version of Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES-IV) in Iranian families’ society. Method: Initially, the FACES-IV was translated to Persian by four psychologists, and then back translated into English by an English expert. The modifications were performed after a pilot study with 30 participants. Thereafter, the final version was administrated to 1652 subjects (558 fathers, 576 mothers, and 518 children) in seven large provinces in the country. In order to testing the convergent and divergent validity the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), Youth Self-Report  (YSR), Parenting Stress Inventory-short form (PSI-SF), Life Event checklist (LE), Family Conflicts Scale (FCS), and Family Satisfaction Scale (FSS) were used. Results: Alpha’s Chronbach for the total score of FACES-IV and for the balanced cohesion, balanced flexibility, disengaged, enmeshed, rigid, chaotic subscales for fathers were 0.74, 0.71, 0.60, 0.70, 0.60, and 0.58, for mothers 0.72, 0.72, 0.69, 0.69, 0.56, and 0.62, and for children 0.59, 0.77, 0.69, 0.74, 0.52, and 0.55, respectively. The convergent and divergent validity tests by calculating the correlation coefficient of FACES-IV using DASS, YSR, PSI-SF, and LE were satisfactory. The confirmatory factor analysis results depicted fit of the six-factor model (the cohesion dimension included disengaged, balanced flexibility, enmeshed subscales, and the flexibility dimension included rigid, balanced flexibility and chaotic subscales) with the data. Conclusion: The FACES-IV Persian version meets the psychometric properties needed for application in psychological studies and clinical diagnoses.}, Keywords = {reliability, validity, factor analysis, family adaptability and cohesion }, volume = {19}, Number = {4}, pages = {314-325}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2092-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2092-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {SaberiZafarghandi, Mohammad Bagher and Roshanpajouh, Mohsen and Mirkazemi, Roksana and Bolhari, Jafar}, title = {Challenges of Integrating the Drug Demand Reduction into Primary Health Care Services Program in Iran: Report of a Roundtable}, abstract ={ScientificReport}, Keywords = {Challenges, Integrating, Drug Demand Reduction, Primary Health Care, Iran}, volume = {19}, Number = {4}, pages = {326-329}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2091-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2091-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2014} }