@article{ author = {Mohammadzadeh, Ali}, title = {Schizotypy: From Health to Psychotic Breakdown}, abstract ={Schizotypal personality is important from both historical and etiological perspective, because of its relationship with schizophrenia. However, within a ‘fully dimensional’ framework, the schizotypy dimension could be extended to a continuum that starts from normal and ends up in schizophrenia and other pathological spectra. This perspective represents schizotypy as continuously distributed traits, which are sources of normal variations as well as predisposition to psychosis. The present study reviews schizotypy, focusing on the dimensions, models, schizotaxia, comorbidity and relationship with other psychological phenomena and measurement tools.}, Keywords = {Schizotypy, Schizotaxia, Psychosis, Health, Dimensions, Comorbidity, Measurement}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {3-15}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1312-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1312-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Bayrami, Mansour and BakhshipourRoodsari, Abbas and Hadavandkhani, Fateme}, title = {Causal Model in Emotional Intelligence, Schizotypy and Psychopathology}, abstract ={Objectives: To assess the relationship of emotional intelligence, schizotypy and psychopathology. Method: In this descriptive-analytical study 150 normal high school students (94 girls and 56 boys) aged 14 to 17 years (15.5 ± 0.67) in the educational year 1387-1388 in Shahr-e-Rey, completed schizotypal trait questionnaire (STA), Modified Schutte (Emotional Intelligence) EI Scale (MSEIS), and three subtests of Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), namely, psychoticism, hostility, and paranoid ideation. Data analysis was done by SPSS 11.5 and LISREL 8.54 using independent t-test U, Mann-Whitney test, and path analysis. Results: Path analysis revealed a causal relationship between EI and psycho-pathology (t=-4.03, p≥0.05) as well as a causal relationship between emotion appraisal and magical thinking (t=-2.25, p≥0.05), paranoid ideation (t=2.03, p≥0.05) and schizotypy (t=-3.39, p≥0.05). Conclusion: An accurate assessment of the relationship between factors revealed that emotion appraisal has a causal effect on schizotypy and psychopathology. Emotion appraisal is the perception and evaluation of the emotional situation in oneself as well as others. In fact, individuals with positive emotion appraisal and evaluation are at lower risk of developing signs of schizotypy and psychopathology.}, Keywords = { emotional intelligence, schizotypy, psychopathology}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {16-25}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1313-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1313-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {BakhshipourRoodsari, Abbas and Shateri, Leila and Fattahi, Samineh and Soodmand, Mohsen and Saderi, Elahe and Mansori, Ahm}, title = {Validation of the Farsi Version of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire in a Student Sample}, abstract ={Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Farsi version of Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) in a student sample. Method: 727 university students (442 males, 285 females) with a mean age of 23, who were selected using stepwise stratified method, and 15 patients with schizophrenia who were selected using convenience sampling, completed SPQ. The SPQ is a 74 items self-report questionnaire, which assesses nine DSM-III-R criteria for Schizotypal Personality Disorder. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 and using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, independent t-test, multivariate analysis of variance, and exploratory factor analysis. Results: Cronbach’s alpha for the total questionnaire and its subscales were 0.90 and 0.59-0.82 respectively. SPQ accurately differentiated patients with schizophrenia from normal population. The exploratory factor analysis for SPQ confirmed the accuracy of three-factor structure introduced by Raine (cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganized). Conclusion: SPQ is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing symptoms, dimensions, and factors of Schizotypal Personality Disorder.}, Keywords = { Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, reliability, validity, exploratory factor analysis}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {26-34}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1314-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1314-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Ebrahimi, Amrollah and Barekatain, Majid and Najafi, Mohammadreza and Salehzadeh, Maryam and Merasi, Mohammadrez}, title = {Development and Assessment of Validity and Reliability of Persian Version of Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-89)}, abstract ={Objectives: The objective of the present study was to develop a Farsi version of Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-89), and to assess its psychometric properties. Method: The Farsi version of QOLIE-89, which was developed through translation/ back translation, along with Beck Depression Inventory-Primary Care (BDI-PC) and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) was administered to 75 epilepsy patients in Alzahra and Ayatollah Kashani clinics in Isfahan. The reliability and internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, construct validity was assessed by correlation with GHQ-12 and BDI-PC, and discriminant validity was confirmed by comparing scores for known groups. Results: Cronbach’s alpha was 0.96 for the total score, and varied between 0.70 and 0.89 for subscales. High correspondence with GHQ-12 (r=0.63, p≥0.01) and BDI-PC (r=-0.55, p≥ 0.01) indicates construct validity, and differentiating between depressed versus non-depressed and drug-sensitive versus drug-resistant epilepsy patients, indicates discriminant validity of QOLIE-89. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the Farsi version of QOLIE-89 has a good reliability and validity, and it could be used as a valid tool in clinical trials and research related to epilepsy.}, Keywords = { Quality of Life in Epilepsy, validity, reliability, epilepsy}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {35-43}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1315-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1315-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Alibeigi, Neda and Mohammadkhani, Parvaneh and Mazinani, Robabeh and Dolatshahi, Behrooz}, title = {The efficacy of Group Cognitive-Remediation Therapy for Patients with Schizophrenia with Longitudinal Course}, abstract ={Objectives: The present research investigates the efficacy of Group Cognitive-Remediation Therapy (GCRT) in decreasing clinical symptoms and enhancing cognitive performance among patients with schizophrenia. Method: Forty subjects were randomly selected from inpatients with at Razi Psychiatry Schizophrenia Hospital, and were assigned to one experimental and one control group, each one comprising 20 subjects. Both groups received drug therapy, and the experimental group received 16 sessions of GCRT in addition. Subjects were examined before, during and after intervention, using measures for assessing positive and negative symptoms, neuro-behavioral and cognitive examination, and nurse observation. Data were analyzed using multivariate repeated measures. Results: GCRT had decreased positive and negative symptoms in patients in the experimental group, and enhanced their cognitive performance. However, it had no effect on behavioral performance. Conclusion: Treatment of patients with schizophrenia requires a multifaceted program, which takes cognitive disorders into consideration. GCRT, which is based upon the Iranian socio-cultural situation, could be effective for improving cognitive disorders and decreasing clinical symptoms.}, Keywords = {schizophrenia, group cognitive- remediation therapy, negative symptoms, positive symptoms, cognitive performance, behavioral performance }, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {44-52}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1316-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1316-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Ranjbar, Farahdokht and Ghanbari, Behrouz and Khaleghparast, Shiva and Manouchehri, Houman and Nasiri, Navideh}, title = {The Effects of Discharge Planning on Insight, Symptoms and Hospitalization of Schizophrenia Patients at Iran University of Medical Sciences Hospitals}, abstract ={Objectives: The present study was carried out to assess the efficacy of discharge planning on insight, clinical symptoms and frequency of hospitalization in patients with schizophrenia. Method: In this clinical experiment, 46 inpatients with schizophrenia at hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, were selected according to inclusion criteria, and were assigned to two experimental and control groups. Discharge planning for the experimental group was designed based upon nursing process, and was carried out for six sessions at the hospital and six sessions at the patients’ residence (for three months after discharge). Data were gathered using demographic questionnaire, patient discharge list, and measurement of insight. Data were analyzed using Friedman tests, independent t-test, c2, Mann Whitney U, and McNemar test. Results: The experimental group’s insight was higher than the control group at discharge (t=-9.63, p<0.001) and three months after discharge (t=-9.63, p<0.001). With regard to clinical symptoms, the experimental group was better compared to the control group at discharge (t=-7.34, p<0.001) and three months after discharge (t=-14.67, p<0.001). Also, regarding hospitalization, there was significant difference in the experimental group between before and three months after hospitalization however, the difference was not significant in the control group. Conclusion: A more favourable insight, decrease in clinical symptoms, and a decrease in the frequency of hospitalization are among the benefits of discharge program, which deserve special attention, regarding high rate of relapse and re-admission of patients with schizophrenia, and the high budget allocated to the care and treatment of these patients.}, Keywords = {schizophrenia, discharge program, insight, clinical symptoms, frequency of hospitalization}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {53-59}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1317-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1317-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Yazdkhasti, Farbia and Oreyzi, Hamidrez}, title = {Standardization of Child, Parent and Teacher’s Forms of Child Behavior Checklist in the City of Isfahan}, abstract ={Objectives: The Purpose of this study was the standardization of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), in the city of Isfahan. Method: Subjects consisted of 1880 seven to eleven -year old schoolchildren in Isfahan, in addition to their parents and teachers. Data were gathered using the Youth Self- Report (YSR), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Teacher's Report Form (TRF).The CBCL itself comprises two sections, namely, skills and behavioral and emotional problems. Subsequent to back-translation and the assessment of face validity, the Farsi version of the checklist was administered to the subjects. Data were analyzed by SPSS-17 using Pearson’s correlation. Results: The highest Cronbach’s alpha for parent, teacher and child forms were 0.90, 0.93, and 0.82 respectively. Regarding construct validity, the correlation of the subscales of the section of behavioral and emotional problems, and its total score in parent, teacher and child forms were 0.62-0.88, 0.44-0.91 and 0.51-0.85 respectively. Also, the correlation of the subscales of the skills section and its total score in parent, teacher and child forms were 0.24-0.82, 0.77-0.93 and 0.64-0.87 respectively. Conclusion: Cronbach’s alpha, correlation between the forms, and correlation between the subscales and the total score of the related sections, point to the construct validity and appropriate reliability of this tool, for the assessment of skills and behavioral problems of these children.}, Keywords = {standardization, Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher\'s Report Form, Youth Self-Report, competences, behavioral problems}, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {60-70}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1318-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1318-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Ansari, Sara and Gharraee, Banafsheh and Afsar-Kazerouni, Parvi}, title = {Personality Disorders and Coping Strategies in Female Sex-workers}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the rate of personality disorders and coping strategies in female sex-workers. Method: In this observational cross-sectional study 30 female sex-workers who were selected using convenience sampling, completed the Structured Clinical Interview DSM-IV axis II disorders (SCID-II) and Billings Coping Style Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The findings showed a prevalence of 90% for personality disorders, with passive- aggressive personality disorder having the highest prevalence of 53.3%. Also, schizotypal personality disorder was not present in subjects. Among coping strategies, emotion-focused coping (56.7%) and somatization-focused coping (23.3%) were the most prevalent. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of personality disorder among female sex-workers and their high use of emotion-focused coping in confronting life events, training this group with coping and problem solving skills is recommended.}, Keywords = {sex-worker, personality, coping }, volume = {17}, Number = {1}, pages = {71-75}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1319-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1319-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Bolhari, Jafar and Shariat, Seyed Vahi}, title = {An Article on Challenges of Mental Health and Addiction in Iran}, abstract ={Editorial}, Keywords = {challenge, mental health, addiction, Iran}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {83-84}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1349-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1349-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Shariat, Seyed Vahid and Mansouri, Naghme and Gharraee, Banafsheh and Bolhari, Jafar and YousefiNourai, Reza and RahimiMovaghar, Afari}, title = {Attitude, Knowledge, and Satisfaction of Health Personnel and General Population about the Program of Integration of Mental Health in PHC in Iran: Systematic Review}, abstract ={Objectives: To systematically review studies on attitude, knowledge, and satisfaction of health personnel and general population about the program of integration of mental health in PHC in the recent 20 years. Method: International and local databases were electronically searched. Hand searching, reviewing reference lists and personal communications were also done. 11 studies on attitude and knowledge and one study on satisfaction were selected after reviewing full texts of the documents. Results: Most studies were on Behvarzes and general population and few studies assessed other groups. Knowledge of the studied groups were higher than average in most studies. The only satisfaction study suggested a medium, high, and low satisfaction of general population from interpersonal and care delivery, time and cost benefit, and treatment outcomes, respectively. Conclusion: Knowledge and attitude of the personnel and general population seems to be average or higher in most studies. This could be partly due to implementation of the integration program. However, more empirical data is needed to evaluate the issues more specifically.}, Keywords = {attitude, knowledge, satisfaction, mental health}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {85-98}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1341-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1341-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Sharifi, V}, title = {Community Psychiatry Residency Training Programs across the Globe: A Review}, abstract ={Objectives: Following the approval of the standards for the four-year psychiatry residency curriculum in Iran, training in community psychiatry is now considered as an obligatory 3-month course. Gathering information about the community psychiatry residency programs in other countries could help us in planning and development of an Iranian program. The aim of the current study was to review the programs in different countries. Method: A comprehensive search was performed in various databases using specific keywords such as “residency”, “community”, and “psychiatry”. Moreover, the published training programs of the universities in different countries were obtained. Results and Conclusion: Training varies considerably across different university departments both in the content and methods of the training and duration of the courses. This variation may be due to different needs and/or available community settings. However, some common features emerge for example, didactic teachings are integrated in most programs, residents actively participate in delivering community-based services (such as those in community mental health centers and outreach services), and learning how to work in team-based services is a main objective.}, Keywords = { Community psychiatry, education, medical, review}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {99-105}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1342-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1342-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Hajebi, Ahmad and AhmadzadAsl, Masoud and Zaman, Mahyar and Naserbakht, Morteza and Mohammadi, Navid and Davoudi, Farnoush and SaberiZafarghandi, Mohammadbagher}, title = {Designing a Registration System for Suicide in Iran}, abstract ={Objectives: The goal of the present study was to design a registration system for recording suicide in Iran, capable of designing identification pathways, registration, and report and follow-up of suicide cases and deaths due to suicide. Method: Through library assessments and surveying suicide registration systems in other countries (Denmark, India and WHO), potential methods of suicide in Iran were identified also, potential methods of identifying suicide cases in the country were designed and finalized subsequent to group consultation. Results: Suicide registration forms were designed, using the collected data. In this system: 1- The Health and Treatment Network is considered to be the appropriate site for the collection of data related to suicide, 2- Instances of suicide deaths and suicide attempts will be completely registered, 3- Data will be gathered from treatment centers and other contributing centers in general monthly forms, 4- Mental health attendants will enter the data into the computer system each month, in the suicide registration center affiliated to the health and treatment center, 5- The system will be primarily executed in two universities, 6- Training of target group (managers and personnel) in the primary stages of execution is important. Conclusion: The launch of the system for recording suicidal behavior in the country is the first essential step in the control and prevention of suicide. }, Keywords = { suicide, registry system, Iran}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {106-109}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1343-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1343-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Bolhari, Jafar and Zojaji, Ali and Karimi-Kisomi, Issa and Nazari-Jeirani, Mahboobeh and Tabaee, Sakineh}, title = {Urban Mental Health Service: Primary Health Care Model with Community Participation}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the degree of efficiency of mental health education for non-psychiatrist medical specialists in attracting public cooperation and the provision of mental health in the form of an urban cooperative model. Method: The residents of districts 11, 16, and 18 in municipality area 6 of Tehran were considered as the covered community. 20 volunteers (as mental health contact), three individuals with master degree in clinical psychology or consultation, three psychiatrists, and 15 non-psychiatrist specialists (all from municipality area 6) comprised the subjects of the present study and voluntarily participated in this research. Data were gathered using quantitative (demographic questionnaires, specialists’ survey, and mental health contact survey) as well as qualitative (registering observations and experiences) methods. Data analysis was done via SPSS-15 and using dependent t-test. Results: The findings revealed that the scores of the volunteers and specialists changed from pretest to post-test (p≥0.002). Also, urban mental health contacts identified the districts’ patients subsequent to the training, and referred them to consultation centers, medical specialists, and district hospitals. Conclusion: Teaching mental health concepts to volunteers and medical professionals and involving them in a cooperative fashion in districts can be an efficient method of providing primary mental health services in large cities.}, Keywords = { health contacts, social cooperation, mental health education, primary health services, volunteers}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {110-115}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1344-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1344-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {RahimiMovaghar, Afarin and MalayerikhahLangroodi, Zahra and DelbarpourAhmadi, Shahnaz and AminEsmaeili, Masoume}, title = {A Qualitative Study of Specific Needs of Women for Treatment of Addiction}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the present study is to assess the specific needs of female substance abusers in the treatment of addiction, in order to contribute to the development of plans and policies aimed at improving services to the mentioned group. Method: 62 women with substance dependence and three service providers, from “Chitgar” and Khaneh Khorshid” treatment centers, participated in this qualitative study. The participants were interviewed during seven sessions of focused group discussion as well as 23 sessions of in-depth individual interviews. Data were gathered using a directory list, and the topics of the list were established based on discussions with the authorities of the mentioned centers, as well as text assessment. The problems of addicted females were divided into general problems, problems related to the treatment period, and post-treatment problems. Also, two separate lists were designed for single and married women. Sessions and interviews were continued to the point of data saturation. Results: Most women considered social stigma, humiliation, family rejection and severe poverty as their major problems. More than one fourth of the subjects were homeless and more than half had experienced physical or sexual abuse in the past. Insufficient numbers of female physicians and the lack of health consultation and education, unsafe environment and inadequate health and welfare facilities, were among the most important limitations. There was also a shortage of psychosocial services, including shelters, vocational activities and care for children in both centers. Conclusion: The expansion of services specifically geared to women’s needs in general, and psycho-social services in particular, is an absolute necessity for the successful treatment of addiction in women.}, Keywords = { women, addiction, treatment, specific needs}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {116-125}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1345-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1345-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Panaghi, Leili and Pirouzi, Dara and Shirinbayan, Minoo and Ahmadabadi, Zohre}, title = {The Role of Personality and Demographic Traits in Spouse Abuse}, abstract ={Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship of personality traits of female victims with different types of violence, and to determine the role of demographic characteristics (compared to personality traits) in the prediction of violence against women. Method: The present descriptive correlational study was carried out on married women presenting to District Health Centers in the year of 1387. Based on socio-economic status, city districts were divided into low (40 centers), medium (30 centers), and high (15 centers). Thereafter, based on the size and extension of each level, a number of centers were randomly chosen from each district, and finally 396 individuals, who were selected through convenience sampling, completed the Five Factor Inventory and Spouse Abuse Questionnaire. Data analysis was done via SPSS-16 and using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: Neuroticism, conscientiousness, and extraversion predicted psychological and physical, sexual, and physical violence respectively (p<0.05). Male addiction, male and female age, male education, duration of marriage and not having a child also played roles in the prediction of different types of aggression (p<0.05). Conclusion: Even though personality traits have dominant roles in the prediction of all three types of violence, demographic factors and physical and mental illnesses were also shown to have significant predictive roles in this regard.}, Keywords = { spouse abuse, personality traits, demographic features}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {126-135}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1346-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1346-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Abolfazl and Aghajani, Mitra and Zehtabvar, Gholamhossei}, title = {Addiction and its Relation with Resilience and Emotional Components}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the relation of addiction with protective factors (resilience) and risk factors (depression, anxiety and stress). Method: 346 students of Sharif Industrial University were selected using convenience sampling and completed substance abuse subtle screening inventory - 3 (SASSI - 3), Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS). Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 using Pearson’s correlation test, independent t-test, and multivariate regression. Results: Results indicated that anxiety (t= -3.31, p≥0.001), depression (t= -5.55, p≥0.001), and stress (t= -3.37, p≥0.001) were higher in subjects with a higher possibility of substance abuse, and their resilience (t= 3.56, p≥0.01) was lower. Conclusion: The high prevalence of emotional problems and the high probability of substance abuse among students, prioritize the attending to risk factors and preventive interventions.}, Keywords = { addiction, resilience, depression, stress}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {136-142}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1347-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1347-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {AhmadzadAsl, Masoud and Shamshiri, Ahmadreza and Hajebi, Ahmad and Naserbakht, Morteza and SaberiZafarghandi, Mohammadbagher and Davoudi, Farnoush}, title = {Geographical Distribution of Human Resources in Mental Health Provision System in 2007}, abstract ={Objectives: The present research was carried out with the aim of providing a geographical map and the distribution of indices related to the distribution of human resources in the mental health system in Iran according to regions covered by different medical universities. Method: This study was carried out using the data present in mental health system reports in the year 2007. Subsequent to the adjustment of indices, data were presented by drawing descriptive and interpolated maps using Arc GIS 9.2. Also, the amount of each evaluated index, minimum, maximum and standard deviation of each index in different areas were reported. Results: In 2007 the nationwide means of covered population to total population of the country, covered urban population to total urban population, covered rural population to total rural population, proportion of covered health centers, to total health centers, proportion of covered health and treatment rural centers to the total, proportion of covered urban health and treatment centers to the total, and the proportion of covered health headquarters to the total were 54.8%, 36.9%, 96.2%, 97.5%, 97.1%, 50.4%, and 41.4% respectively. The individuals providing mental health services comprised: 29282 assistants in nursing, 6529 health workers, 4595 trained general practitioners, 61877 health messengers, 692 psychiatrists, 27 child psychiatrists, 126 psychologists (56 clinical, 70 other ), 652 professionals with master’s degree in psychology (183 clinical, 469 other), 651 social workers, and 214 psychiatric nurses. Conclusion: There is favorable distribution of specialized human resources in the country’s health system, however, there is an disparity between the distribution of specialized human resources and covered population.}, Keywords = { mental health system, geographical distribution, human resources, Iran }, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {143-150}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1348-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1348-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {noorbala, Ahmadali}, title = {Psychosocial Health and Strategies for improvement}, abstract ={Opinion}, Keywords = {Strategies, Improve, Mental Health-Social }, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {151-156}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1353-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1353-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {SaberiZafarghandi, Mohammadbagher}, title = {Some of the Challenges of Mental Health and Addiction in Iran}, abstract ={Opinion}, Keywords = {challenges, mental health, addiction, Iran}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {161-157}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1354-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1354-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Kharaziha, Shahram}, title = {Plant of Mental Health does not Bear}, abstract ={Letter to the Editor}, Keywords = {Plant, mental health}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {162-163}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1356-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1356-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Bahramian, Simi}, title = {Specialist Accompany}, abstract ={Letter to the Editor}, Keywords = {specialist, accompany}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {164-165}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1357-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1357-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {zarei, noushin and AhmadzadAsl, Masoud and Bolhari, Jafar}, title = {Report of a Visit from Supporting Housing for Mental Health Patients}, abstract ={Letter to the Editor}, Keywords = {visit, supporting housing, mental health, patients}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {166-169}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1360-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1360-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {AhmadzadAsl, Masoud and Zareie, Noushin and Bolhari, Jafar}, title = {Criticism of Mental Health Program in Iran}, abstract ={Letter to the Editor}, Keywords = {program, mental health, Iran}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {170-174}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1361-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1361-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Ghasemzadeh, Mohammadrez}, title = {Training of Psychiatry in Mental Health: Report of an Experince}, abstract ={Letter to the Editor}, Keywords = {training, psychiatry, mental health, experince}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {175-176}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1362-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1362-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Mansouri, Naghmeh and SeyedVahid, Seyed Vahid and Mirzaie, Mosleh and Daroshaffa, Yashar and Bolhari, Jafar}, title = {Challenges of Mental Health and Addiction: Report of an Expert Panel}, abstract ={Scientific Report}, Keywords = {challenges, mental health, addiction, expert panel}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {177-184}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1355-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1355-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Taherkhani, Hami}, title = {Opening the Doors: Comparison of Mental Health Systems in Italy, Austria, and Iran}, abstract ={Short Report}, Keywords = {comparison, mental health, systems, Italy, Austria, Iran}, volume = {17}, Number = {2}, pages = {185-189}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1358-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1358-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Shareh, Hossein and Gharraee, Banafsheh and AtefVahid, Mohammad Kazem}, title = {Comparison Between Metacognitive Therapy, Fluvoxamine and Combined Therapy in the Improvement of Thought Control Strategies and Stop Signal Criteria in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder}, abstract ={Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of metacognitive therapy (MCT), fluvoxamine and the combination of MCT with fluvoxamine, in improving thought control strategies and stop signal criteria in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Method: Twenty one individuals among outpatients with OCD presenting to clinics in Tehran were selected and randomly divided into three groups: metacognitive therapy, fluvoxamine (50-300 mg/d) and combined therapy. All groups received 10 days of treatment. The Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ) and Stop Signal Questionnaire (SSQ) were administered pre-treatment and post-treatment to all subjects. Kruskal Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and ANCOVA were used to analyze data. Results: In comparison with fluvoxamine, MCT and combined treatment led to significant improvements in worry, self-punishment and reappraisal strategies of thought control and stop signal criteria (p<0.01). There was no significant difference between MCT and combined therapy. Conclusion: MCT and combined treatment are more effective than fluvoxamine (50-300 mg/d) in improving thought control strategies and stop signal criteria in patients with OCD. Adding medication to MCT does not improve the patients’ outcome.}, Keywords = { thought control strategies, stop signal criteria, obsessive-compulsive disorder, metacognitive therapy, fluvoxamine}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {199-207}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1415-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1415-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Motabi, Fereshteh and Fata, Ladan and Moloodi, Reza and Ziai, Kaveh and Jafari, Heli}, title = {Development and Validation of Depression-Related Beliefs Scale}, abstract ={Objectives: According to Beck's cognitive theory, dysfunctional core beliefs are developed by stressful life experiences. In addition, depressive episodes could be considered as stressful events. Thus, it is assumed that patients with depressive disorder experience beliefs about depression and its outcome, due to repeated episodes of depression. The aim of this study was to develop an instrument for measuring maladaptive beliefs about depression and assess its psychometric features. Method:  A three stage approach was used. In the first stage an item pool was developed and its face validity was approved by a focus group.  Subsequently, 698 students of Ghazvin University completed Beck Depression Inventory-II and Depression Beliefs Scale (DBS), developed in the previous stage. 433 subjects completed the DBS again after 14 days. In the third stage, in order to assess discriminant validity, 93 subjects in three groups of patients with recurrent major depressive disorder (N=34), patients with first episode of major depressive disorder (N=29), and non-clinical subjects (N=30) participated in sad mood induction task and then completed DBS. Results: Exploratory factor analysis and Varimax rotation identified four factors related to depression, described as "lack of control on depression", "Catastrophizing", "worthlessness", and "incapability". Also, DBS and its subscales showed satisfactory discriminant validity, convergent validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Conclusion:  Identified subscales in DBS reflect concepts of Beck's cognitive theory and Teasdale's differential activation hypothesis about relapse in depression. Also, these results provide preliminary evidence about desirable validity and reliability of DBS. However, psychometric properties of the scale should be assessed in patients with other types of depressive disorders such as  dysthymia.}, Keywords = { depression-related beliefs scale, major depressive disorder, exploratory factor analysis}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {208-217}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1416-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1416-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {ZadehMohammadi, Ali and Ahmadabadi, Zohreh and Heidari, Mahmou}, title = {Construction and Assessment of Psychometric Features of Iranian Adolescents Risk-Taking Scale}, abstract ={Objectives: To develop and evaluate the validity and reliability coefficients of Iranian Adolescents Risk-taking Scale (IARS) and its subscales was the aim of the current study. Method: After reviewing the proposed instruments in this field, and with considering the cultural features and circumstances of the Iranian society, the Iranian Adolescents Risk-taking Scale (IARS) was developed in 38 items. 1204 students were selected from Tehran high schools using multistage sampling, and all subjects completed IARS. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and goodness of fit index. Results: Exploratory factor analysis indicated that IARS is a 7 dimensional scale, which explains 64.84% of the overall risk variance. The Cronbach’s alpha for the total scale and subscales were 0.94 and 0.74-0.93 respectively. Conclusion: The psychometric properties of IARS are consistent with the cultural indices of Iranian society.}, Keywords = {risk-taking, adolescent, validity, reliability, factor analysis}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {218-225}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1417-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1417-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Motaghipour, Yasaman and Shams, Jamal and Salesian, Niloofar and Sharifi, Vandad and AlaghbandRad, Jav}, title = {Cultural Adaptation, Validity and Reliability of Persian Version of Experience of Caregiving Inventory in Families of Patients with Severe Mental Disorders}, abstract ={Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the Persian version of Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI) in families of patients with severe mental disorders. Method: After the translation and cultural adaptation of ECI, 225 family members of patients with severe mental disorders completed the ECI, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and a demographic questionnaire. The Split half test was used to assess reliability. To determine internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha test and the concurrent validity was calculated by Pearson’s correlation between the GHQ-28 and the ECI total negative score. Results: Reliability of the Inventory as assessed by the Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient was 0.80. The range of the Cronbach’s alpha for each subscale, total negative score and total positive score was 0.51 to 0.90. Pearson’s correlation between the GHQ-28 score and the total negative score was 0.37 (p<0.01).  Conclusion:  The Persian version of the ECI has good reliability and validity for family members of patients with severe mental disorders.}, Keywords = {Experience of Caregiving Inventory, cultural adaptation, validity, reliability}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {226-231}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1418-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1418-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {RahimianBoogar, Eshagh and Besharat, Mohammad Ali and MohajeriTehrani, Mohammadreza and Talepasand, Siavash}, title = {Predictive Role of Self-Efficacy, Belief of Treatment Effectiveness and Social Support in Diabetes Mellitus Self-Management}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of this research was to study the predictive role of self-efficacy, belief of treatment effectiveness, social support and doctor-patient relationship on diabetes Mellitus self-management. Method: 500 type II diabetes outpatients (245 men and 255 women) presenting to Shariati Hospital in Tehran were selected by convenience sampling. The subjects completed the scales related to diabetic self-care, self-efficacy, belief of treatment effectiveness, social support and doctor-patient relationship. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results: There was a significant and positive relationship between self-efficacy, belief of treatment effectiveness, doctor-patient relationship, social support and diabetes self-management (p<0.001). Self-efficacy, belief of treatment effectiveness and social support were capable of predicting diabetes self-management variance significantly (F=1.326, df=3 and 310, p<0.001) and explain 89% of diabetes self-management. Conclusion: Belief of treatment effectiveness, social support and especially, self-efficacy, are important self-management activities in diabetes Mellitus. Therefore, provision of improvement and enrichment programs for self-efficacy, are helpful for the improvement of self-care behaviors and the reduction of diabetes Mellitus associated harm.}, Keywords = {diabetes Mellitus self–management, self-efficacy, belief of effectiveness of treatment, social support, doctor-patient relationship }, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {232-240}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1419-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1419-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Abdi, Reza and BakhshipourRoudsari, Abbas and MahmoodAliloo, Maji}, title = {The Sensitivity Level of Behavioral Approach and Inhibition Systems in Substance Abusers, Smokers and Normal Subjects}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine the sensitivity level of Behavioral Approach System (BAS) and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) as probable predisposing factors for substance abuse. To this end, the difference of sensitivity levels of BAS and BIS were assessed in substance abusers, cigarette smokers, and normal individuals. Method: The present causal-comparative study compared the sensitivity levels of approach and inhibition behavioral systems in the following three groups: substance abusers (n=43), cigarette smokers (n=45) and normal individuals (n=55), using BIS/BAS scales. Data were analyzed using c2 distribution, one way analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of variance, and follow-up tests. Results: The scores of BAS subscale in substance abusers and cigarette smokers were higher than that of normal individuals (p≥0.05), but there was no difference in this regard between substance abusers and smokers. In the BIS subscale, the cigarette smokers scored higher than the other two groups (p≥0.05). Conclusion: Substance abusers and smokers have a more sensitive BAS than normal individuals, which predisposes them to appetitive behaviors. These findings are in line with the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, which predicts a relation between BAS, appetitive behaviors and substance abuse.}, Keywords = {substance abuse, behavioral approach, behavioral inhibition, reinforcement sensitivity theory}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {241-247}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1420-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1420-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Aminoroaia, Mahin and Attari, Abbas and Noori, Fariba and Ghasemi, Fatemeh}, title = {The Experience of Couple-Family Relationship in Female Psychiatric Inpatients: Qualitative Study}, abstract ={Objectives: The goal of the present study was to describe the experience of female psychiatric inpatients, of couple-family relationships. Method: The method of phenomenology was used in this qualitative study. The subjects comprised female patients hospitalized in Noor Psychiatric Hospital in Isfahan. Fourteen subjects were selected using purpose-oriented sampling, up to reaching data saturation. Data were collected using an unstructured interview and Colaizzi’s seven stage process was used for data analysis.  Results: The findings were classified in 847 conceptual codes. Subsequent to the fourth level coding,  the data were divided into two main groups: (1) causes of the illness and their aggravating factors (behavior of spouse, behavior of spouse’s family, behavior of subject, miscellaneous factors and childhood and adolescence period), and (2) subjects’ reactions (to the behavior of spouse, toward continuing to live and to sexual relation with spouse). Conclusion: Women experience many negative events in their marital life, with undesired effects on mental health. Taking these issues into consideration and providing families and couples with related education could have significant effects in improving mental health among women.}, Keywords = { women, psychiatric disorders, family relationships, couple relationships, qualitative study }, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {248-255}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1421-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1421-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Jalali, Amir Hossein and Alavi, Kaveh and Pakdel, Saeed and AhmadzadehAsl, Masoud and Eftekhar, Mehr}, title = {Knowledge and Attitude Toward AIDS in Patients with Gender Identity Disorder Presenting to Tehran Psychiatric Institute}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of patients with gender identity disorder (GID), presenting to Tehran Psychiatric Institute, toward Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).  Method: 58 patients with gender identity disorder (41 female-to-male and 17 male-to-female) were selected using convenience sampling. The subjects completed the questionnaire proposed by Family Health Organization. Subsequent to determining the distribution by statistical methods, data were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests suitable for group comparison. Results: About 70% of the subjects believed that an apparently healthy individual could be infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Only five subjects (8.6%) considered themselves to be at risk for HIV infection. With regard to routes of transmission, 70% believed anal sex carries lower risk than vaginal sex. Conclusion: Subjects had a low level of knowledge regarding sexually transmitted diseases. Therefore, all individuals with GID should be provided with sufficient information about AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases.}, Keywords = { gender identity disorder, Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome, human immunodeficiency virus, sexually transmitted disease}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {256-261}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1422-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1422-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Malek, Maryam and SeyedMahdi, Mohamm}, title = {Letter to the Editor}, abstract ={Letter to the Editor}, Keywords = {}, volume = {17}, Number = {3}, pages = {262-264}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1423-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1423-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Bolhari, Jafar and Ahmadkhaniha, Hamidreza and Hajebi, Ahmad and BagheriYazdi, Seyed Abbas and Naserbakht, Morteza and Karimi-Kisomi, Issa and Tahmasebi, Siyamak}, title = {Evaluation of Mental Health Program Integration into the Primary Health Care System of Iran}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the integration of mental health program into primary health care system. Method: In a cross-sectional, quantitative and qualitative study, the knowledge, attitude and performance of 1209 individuals of general population, 146 behvarzes, 35 health technicians and 51 general practitioners from rural health centers of Gilan, Tehran, Meshad, Iran, Kerman and Kermanshah universities of medical sciences who were undercoverage and out of coverage of mental health program in the rural areas of selected centers, were selected by randomized cluster sampling. The data was gathered using knowledge, attitude and performance questionnaires of behvarzes, general population and general practitioners toward mental health, behvarzes’ performance on training, following up and referral of mentally patients based on primary health care (PHC) program, knowledge and attitude of general population toward mental illnesses, epilepsy, mental retardation, their  causes and treatments, general physicians awareness about treatment, referral and integration of mental health program into PHC, general practitioners’s performance of health centers and a semi-structured questionnaire for focus group discussion sessions (FGD). Thirty trained mental health experts from neighborhood of selected provinces, completed questionnaires and analyzed. Descriptive statistics and independent t-test were executed. Results: There was significant difference between behvarzes in areas under coverage and out of coverage in knowledge (p≤0.01) and attitude (p≤0.04), as well as between general population in areas under coverage and out of coverage in knowledge (p≤0.001) and attitude (p≤0.001). Although the knowledge of general practitionners in the coverage areas were high, the findings showed that 34.3% of them had difficulty in diagnosis and 48.6% had problem in treatment of psychotic patients. Conclusion: Integration of mental health programs into PHC is an effective and affordable method which with continuous monitoring and evaluation could be lead to valuable results.}, Keywords = {evaluation, integration of mental health, primary health care, Iran}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {271-278}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1450-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1450-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Kooraki, Maryam and Yazdkhasti, Fariba and Ebrahimi, Amrollah and Oreizi, , Hamid Rez}, title = {Effectiveness of Psychodrama in Improving Social Skills and Reducing Internet Addiction in Female Students}, abstract ={Objectives: This study examined the effectiveness of psychodrama in improving social skills and reducing internet addiction among female students with addiction to internet in Isfahan university. Method: In a semi-experimental study, 36 subjects were selected via convenient sampling which randomly assigned in two groups: 18 as the experimental group and 18 as the control group. The experimental group had received ten sessions of social skills training with psychodrama approach. The internet addiction and social skills were assessed via the Yong’s Internet Addiction Test and Social Skills Inventory. The applied intervention was evaluated in three stages: pretest, post-test and a one month follow-up. Data were analyzed by correlation coefficient and analysis of covariance tests. Results: The experimental group demonstrated a significant improvement in social skills (p<0.001) as well as a significant decrease in internet addiction (p<0.001) in comparison with the control group. Conclusion: The interactions between subjects in psychodrama's group, propund of problems in the presence of participants and discovering the ultimate solution with protagonist are critical factors of the mentioned intervention. The results also suggest that psychodrama interventions can be an effective intervention for improving social skills in persons with internet addiction.}, Keywords = { internet addiction, social skills, psychodrama, students}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {279-288}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1451-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1451-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Janbozorgi, Masuod and RajeziEsfahani, Sepideh}, title = {Multi-dimensional Group Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder}, abstract ={Objectives: The purpose of the current study was to assess the effectiveness of multi-dimensional group therapy for symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Method: Among 53 patients with OCD referred to a hospital in Tehran, 12 patients to experimental group and 12 patients to control group were assigned. Not being affected to major depression, bipolar disorder and personality disorder was approved. The data was gathered using clinical interview based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), Cattel Personality Test and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). For evaluating the symptoms severity, Y-BOCS were executed before, during and after intervention. Multi-dimensional group therapy was performed in thirty 2-hour sessions based on Clark Therapeutic Program in accordance with Lazarus multi-dimensional treatment and Islamic-Iranian culture. Results: The severity of symptoms subscale decreased during treatment (p<0.001). Conclusion: Designed multi-dimensional group therapy based on Islamic culture was effective for treatment of OCD symptoms.}, Keywords = {obsessive-compulsive disorder, multi-dimensional group therapy, islamic culture, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale }, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {289-296}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1452-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1452-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {RajeziEsfahani, Sepideh and Motaghipour, Yasaman and Kamkari, Kambiz and Zahiredin, Alireza and Janbozorgi, Masuo}, title = {Reliability and Validity of the Persian Version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS)}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the persian version of Yale-Brown Obsessive- Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Method: The sum of 140 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and 30 individual participants without OCD were selected via convenient sampling as experimental and control groups respectively. Data gathering was done using Y-BOCS, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis-I disorders (SCID-I) and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms (SCL-90-R-OCS). Reliability coefficients were calculated by Cronbach's alpha, split-half, and test-retest reliability. For validity assessment, concurrent criterion-related validity in correlation with SCID-I and SCL-90-R-OCS, and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) were executed. In order to normalize the Y-BOCS after insuring that the distribution is normal and does not have kurtosis and skewness, mean and standard deviation were used as the most appropriate central tendencies and deviation. Results: Optimal levels of internal consistency scores (symptom checklist 0.97, severity scale 0.95) split-half reliability (symptom checklist 0.93, severity scale 0.89), and test-retest reliability (0.99) were calculated. Concurrent reliability were examined and established by correlating the Y-BOCS with the SCL-90-R-OCS and SCID-I. Exploratory factor analysis was also examined, which indicated three factors for symptom checklist scale and two factors for symptom severity scale. Cutoff point value (9) was also determined. Conclusion: The results supported satisfactory validity and reliability of translated form of Yale-brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale for research and clinical diagnostic applications.}, Keywords = {obsessive-compulsive disorder, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, validity, reliability, normalization}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {297-303}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1453-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1453-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Shahjoee, Taghi and MahmoodAliloo, Majid and BakhshipourRoodsari, Abbas and Fakhari, Ali}, title = {Intolerance of Uncertainty and Worry among Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare intolerance of uncertainty and worry among patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and normal individuals. Method: Thirty one patients with GAD, thirty one patients with OCD and thirty one normal individuals were selected via inconvenient sampling. Data gathering was done using Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS) and Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). The data were analyzed in multivariate analysis of variance model (MANOVA). Results: The results showed significant differences in the subscales “uncertainty leads to the inability to act” and “uncertainty is stressful and upsetting”, and in “worry” between three groups of GAD, OCD and normal (p<0.0001). The differences between OCD and GAD groups with normal group were significant in intolerance of uncertainty and two subscales: “unexpected events are negative and person should avoid them” and “uncertainty is unfair” (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Intolerance of uncertainty is a common feature of OCD and GAD. Coping strategies for decreasing uncertainty differentiate these two disorders.  }, Keywords = {generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, intolerance of uncertainty, worry}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {304-312}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1454-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1454-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Khushabi, Katayoun and Moradi, Shahram and Habibi, Mojtab}, title = {Risk and Protective Factors of Drug Abuse in High School Students}, abstract ={Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate risk and protective factors of drug abuse among high school students. Method: The sum of 1124 high school students (573 boys and 551 girls) were selected based on the stratified random and cluster sampling from Tehran’s high schools. A number of different scales American Drug and Alcohol Survey (ADAS), Prevention Planning Survey (PPS), Blings-Moss Copying Responses (CR), Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem Inventory School Form (SEI-SF), Collins-Reed Revised Attachment Inventory (RAI), and Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQI) were administered for data gathering. The data were analyzed using t-test, chi-square, logistic regression and odds ratio models. Results: There were significant differences between students with and without drug abuse in copying styles, self-esteem, attachment style, emotional intelligence, family atmosphere and family substance abuse. Odds ratio of drug abuse for students with family drug use for boys and girls was 11 and 1.63 times more than others respectively. Conclusion: In the recent years, the most important achievement in the areas of theorizing and policy-making for drug abuse preventive programs is to emphasis on risk and protective factors as a descriptive and predictive framework. This study findings emphasized family factors, self-esteem, emotional intelligence and coping styles in this regard }, Keywords = { risk factors, protective factors, drug abuse, high school student}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {313-323}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1455-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1455-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Ghadiri, Mohammad and Nohesara, Shabnam and MostafaviAbdolmaleky, Hamid and Ahmadkhaniha, Hamidreza and Taban, Mozhg}, title = {The Establishment of Iranian DNA Bank for Genetic and Epigenetic Studies in Psychiatric Disorders}, abstract ={Objectives: In most advanced countries, there are tissue, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) banks which have been made to provide samples for researchers in order to speed up genetic studies in different medical disorders. This may save time and materials in comparison to self-governing projects that usually spend months to collect samples independently. In these banks patients are cautiously diagnosed based on international diagnostic criteria. Thus, the results are more reliable than scattered studies and meta-analysis can be done with the data generated in different laboratories using the same samples. Method: For the establishment of a DNA bank for psychiatric disorders in Iran, after clarifying the aims and signing the consent forms, 300 saliva samples were collected using Oragene DNA Kit from the patients diagnosed based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). Related data to demographics, family history, date of disorder onset, duration of disorder, drugs in use and other variables were compiled and opportunity for future contacts was set to gather more information including the course of disorders. Results: A saliva bank for DNA extraction of 300 psychiatric patients suffering from schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 30 ones relatives as well as 75 matched healthy control subjects for genetic and epigenetic studies was established. Conclusion: The opportunity for donation of DNA samples collected from Iranian psychiatric patients has been provided to be used in hundreds of national and international genetic studies.}, Keywords = {genetic bank, epigenetic, psychiatric disorders }, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {324-331}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1456-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1456-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {HakimShooshtari, Mitra and Elyasi, Foroozan and Tavasoli, Azit}, title = {Association between Poland Syndrome and Autistic Disorder: A Case Report}, abstract ={Objectives: The aim of the current study was to report associated problems of Poland Syndrome in a patient. Method: A 5 years old son affected to Poland Syndrome was accurately assessed. Results: The results showed the patient had communication, verbal and behavioral problems besides Poland Syndrome. Also, he received attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis and had seizure history. After accurate assessment, autistic disorder was diagnosed and occupational and speech therapy was prescribed besides treating seizure and symptoms of other problems. Conclusion: When a patient is being referred because of hyperactivity, s/he should be accurately evaluated and assessed for other psychiatric problems.}, Keywords = {Poland syndrome, autistic disorder, case report}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {332-335}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1457-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1457-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Mazhari, shahrzad and BahaedinBeigi, Kambiz}, title = {Telepsychiatry and Its Application in Iran}, abstract ={Letter to the Editor}, Keywords = {telepsychiatry, application, Iran}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {336-338}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1458-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1458-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2012} }