@article{ author = {Abedi, Mohammad Reza and MirshahJafari, Ebrahim and Liaghatdar, Mohammad Jav}, title = {Standardization of the Oxford Happiness Inventory in Students of Isfahan University}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to prepare a norm table for Oxford Happiness Inventory in Isfahan University students. Method: 727 students were selected through random stratified sampling and were assessed using Oxford Happiness Inventory. Results were pre- sented using descriptive statistics and illustration of diagrams. Results: All scores were changed in percentile ranks, Z, and T scores. Standard and percentile norm table were developed for students there- after. Conclusion: Oxford Happiness Inventory has appropriate reliability and validity and is suitable for assessing happiness in university students. }, Keywords = {Key words: happiness, standardization, Oxford Happiness Inventory, validity, reliability}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {95-100}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Ahmadi, Khodabakhsh and Fathi-Ashtiani, Ali and Aetemadi, Ahmad and Mirzmani, Mahmoo}, title = {The Effects of Lifestyle Changing on Decreasing Couple Maladjustment}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: The present research aimed to study the effects of lifestyle changing on decreasing couples’ maladjustment.Method: In an experimental research, marital adjustment in 450 couples who had been selected using convenience sampling was evaluated using ENRICH Questionnaire. Then 80 couples of those with the highest level of maladjustment were selected and randomly divided to two experi-mental and control groups. The intervention methods of lifestyle chang-ing was then performed on the experimental group in 15 hours, during ten 90-minute sessions, after which marital adjustments of the two groups were re-evaluated. Some of the necessary information was obtained using Lifestyle Evaluation Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using t-test.Results: The results showed that the intervention method of lifestyle changing leads to a decrease in different dimensions of marital maladjust- ment in the following order: personal issues, financial management, conflict resolution and sexual relation. The mean score of the two groups in the post-tests showed significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: The administration of the intervention method of lifestyle changing leads to a decrease in some dimensions of marital maladjust- ment among spouses. }, Keywords = {Key words: marital maladjustment, couple therapy, lifestyle}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {101-108}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-17-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-17-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Bastani, Farideh and Haidarnia, Alireza and Vafaie, Maryam and Kazem-nejad, Anoushiravan and Kashanian, Maryam}, title = {The Effect of Relaxation Training Based on Self-efficacy Theory on Mental Health of Pregnant Women}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of relaxa-tion training based on self-efficacy theory, on the mental health of preg- nant women.Method: In this clinical trial study, 110 primigravid women with medium to high levels of anxiety were assessed in two experimental and control groups. For the experimental group routine prenatal care plus relaxation training was provided, however, the control group was solely exposed to routine prenatal care. Data were gathered using Spielberger Anxiety Questionnaire, Cohen, Kamarck, and Melmerstein Stress Measure, and General Self Efficacy Scale. Analysis was done using t-tests as well as c2, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests. Results: In addition to increasing levels of self-efficacy, this training program led to a significant decrease in three dependent variables (situation anxiety, trait anxiety, and perceived stress). Conclusion: This educational intervention is indicative of the effective application of self-efficacy theory in relaxation and lowering stress and anxiety in pregnant women. }, Keywords = {Key words: anxiety, stress, pregnancy, relaxation, self-efficacy theory}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {109-116}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-18-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-18-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Shabani, Amir and Sharifi, Vandad and Alaghband-rad, Javad and Shahrivar, Zahra and Amini, Homayun and Kaviani, Hossein and HakimShooshtari, Mitra and Shirazi, Elham and Davari-ashtiani, Rozita and Arabgol, Farib}, title = {Is the Comorbidity of Obsessive-compulsive Disorder with Bipolar I Disorder Less than Major Depressive Disorder?}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: Based on current evidence, comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in bipolar patients is higher than in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, there is little data regarding the comparison of this comorbidity between bipolar I disorder (BID) and MDD. The aim of the present project was to carry out this comparison.Method: 466 patients referred to four psychiatric university centers in Tehran were evaluated by DSM-IV diagnostic criteria checklist. The rates of lifetime comorbidity of OCD in MDD and BID patients were calculated, and data were analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistical methods. Results: 124 cases of MDD and 115 cases of BID were diagnosed. The demographic variables of two groups did not have significant difference. The rate of admissions and recurrent type of disorder in the BID group were significantly higher than those of the other group. The lifetime comorbidity of OCD in MDD and BID patients was 17.7% and 7%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). There was no case of comorbidity of OCD in patients with first episode of mania. The rates of comorbidity of OCD in patients with single episode MDD and with recurrent MDD did not have significant difference.Conclusion: The lifetime comorbidity of OCD in patients with MDD is significant and may be higher than in BID patients. }, Keywords = {Key words: obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bipolar disorder, mania, major depressive disorder (MDD), comorbidity}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {117-123}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-19-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-19-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Shams, Jamal and SardarpourGudarzi, Shahrokh and Arbabi, Mohammad and Yasami, Mohammad Taghi}, title = {Effects of Lamotrigine on Stress-induced Behavioral and Biochemical Changes in an Animal Model}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: posttraumatic stress disorder, stress, lamotrigine, animal model}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {124-128}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-20-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-20-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Attari, Abbas and Dashti, Saideh and Mahmoudi, Masoomeh}, title = {Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Primary School Children Subsequent to Observing a Criminal Being Hanged}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives:  Many children who had witnessed violent and criminal events develop symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In this study the development of PTSD was assessed in primary school children who had witnessed the public hanging of a criminal.Method: This descriptive study was carried out on 200 7-11years old students of a primary school who had witnessed the execution.  For gathering the data, a PTSD checklist based on DSM-IV criteria as well as Child-PTSD-Reaction Index (CPTSD-RI) were filled through interviews with children’s parents three months after the event. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and c2 test. Results: Fifty two percent of subjects showed some symptoms of PTSD. Forty three percent, 31%, and 12% showed symptoms of reexperience, hyperarousal, and avoidance behavior respectively. The most prevalent symptoms were severely distressing and recurrent recollection of the event. The frequency of PTSD was 12%. The mean severity of symptoms according to CPTSD-RI was 39.1±3.7 (average to severe).Conclusion: Witnessing execution can lead to the development of moderate to severe PTSD symptoms in children. }, Keywords = {Key words: posttraumatic stress disorder, children, hanging}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {129-133}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-21-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-21-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Alipour, Ahm}, title = {The Relationship of Social Support with Immune Parameters in Healthy Individuals: Assessment of the Main Effect Model}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: This project was aimed at investigating the effect of social support on immune parameters in healthy individuals accord-ing to the main effect model.Method: Following the completing of a social support Questionnaire by 200 male subjects, 16 individuals with high social support and 16 individuals with low social support were selected. The subjects were matched by age, sex, nutrition, sleep, exercise, physical and mental health, and stress. In the early hours of the day of assessment, 7 ml blood samples were gathered from the subjects in the supine position. Blood samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine the amount of lymphocytic response to PHA, as well as the percents of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+, and CD56+ and ratio of CD3+ to CD8+.  The data were analysed through t-test.Results: The findings showed that subjects with high social support had higher Lymphocyte Transformation Test (LTT) levels and CD56+ percentages than those with low social support.Conclusion: People with higher social support possess more com-petent immunity and the results are in favor of confirming the main effect model. }, Keywords = {Key words: social support, neuropsychoimmunology, LTT, CD56+, main effect model}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {134-139}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-22-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-22-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Naghavi, Azam and Fatehizadeh, Maryam and Abedi, Mohammad Rez}, title = {The Cognitive Consequences of Child Abuse in Young Girls}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of child abuse on cognitive dimensions of personality including intelligence, accuracy and memory.Method: Subjects consisted of 100 female high school students in the city of Isfahan in the academic year of 2003-2004, who were selected using random multi-stage sampling method. Based on the scores ob-tained through the Child Abuse Scale, the subjects were divided into two groups: abused or normal. Raven’s Progressive Matrices, Wechsler Memory Scale, and Bonardel Accuracy Test were used for gathering data. Data were then analyzed using MANOVA and correlation coeffi- cient. Results: Mean accuracy, IQ, and memory scores of the abused and normal groups were 63.66 versus 70.44, 107.12 versus 108.89, and 86.82 versus 86.16 respectively. Conclusion: Abuse causes a decrease in the memory mean score of female adolescents, but has no considerable effect on their accuracy and IQ.  }, Keywords = {Key words: child abuse, intelligence, memory, accuracy, adolescents, Isfahan}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {140-145}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-23-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-23-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Besharat, Mohammad Ail and HoseinzadehBazargani, Rouhieh}, title = {A Comparative Study of Fertile and Infertile Women’s Mental Health and Sexual Problems}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: infertility, psychological well-being, sexual problems}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {146-153}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-24-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-24-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Mesbah, Nasrin and Abedian, Aham}, title = {The Relationship of Stress and Hopelessness among Students Residing in Dormitories}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: students, dormitory, stress, hopelessness}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {154-159}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-25-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-25-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Danesh, Esmat and Firoozbakht, Zeinab}, title = {Stress and General Health of Control Tower Employees and Clerical Personnel at Aseman Aviation Company}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: stress, general health, control tower employees}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {160-164}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-26-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-26-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Parvaresh, Noushin and Bahramnejad, Ali}, title = {Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Earthquake-stricken Students Residing in Kerman Four Months after the Earthquake}, abstract ={Short Scientific Article AbstractObjectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fre-quency of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Bam school children and its relationship to demographic characteristics and other factors related to the earthquake, after students’ migration to Kerman for living and education, four months after the earthquake.Method: Yule PTSD Questionnaire for Parents was completed at home by the parents of 243 students under 15 (175 males, 68 females). Watson PTSD Questionnaire was completed at school by 160 high school students over 15 (56 males, 104 females). Questionnaires re-lated to demographic factors, physical injuries, home destruction, and relative loss was also completed by both groups. Results: Among students younger than 15, 90.8% had one first degree relative loss due to the earthquake, 81% reported complete home dest- ruction, and 89.4% had suffered from physical injury. Among students older than 15, 94.4% had one first degree relative loss due to the earth- quake, 89.4% reported home destruction, and 80.6% had suffered from physical injury. The prevalence of PTSD in students younger than 15, was 52.2% and 59% in boys and girls respectively, which showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.01). The prevalence of PTSD among students older than 15 was 37.5% and 33.5% in boys and girls respectively, but the difference was not statistically signi-ficant. Conclusion: The prevalence of PTSD among children and adole-scents subsequent to an earthquake is significant, and programming for diagnosis and medical intervention is probably necessary. }, Keywords = {Key words: earthquake, posttraumatic stress disorder, prevalence, Iran, Bam}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {165-168}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-27-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-27-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Hadipour, Maryam and Pourafkary, Nosratollah and Saramy, Firouz}, title = {Psychological Symptoms in Gastrointestinal Outpatients}, abstract ={Short Scientific Article AbstractObjectives: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of psychological symptoms in gastrointestinal outpatients.Method: In this research 200 outpatients of a private internal clinic and Sina Gastroenterology Clinic in the city of Tabriz were selected by convenience sampling, and assessed through SCL-90-R. Data were analyzed using c2 test. Results: 51.5% of the subjects had psychological symptoms among which depression and somatization were the most prevalent. Pre-valence of symptoms was four times more in females than in males. Women and unemployed subjects scored higher in most scales of the test than men, with significant difference in somatization and anxiety scales (p<0.05). No significant relationship was found between psy-chological symptoms and any gastrointestinal disease. Conclusion: Psychological symptoms are prevalent among gastro-intestinal patients, especially females. }, Keywords = {Key words: psychological symptoms, gastrointestinal diseases, depression, somatization}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {169-172}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-28-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-28-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Shabani, Amir}, title = {}, abstract ={ Editorial}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {195-196}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-132-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-132-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Shahrivar, Zahra and Alaghbandrad, Javad and Shirazi, Elham}, title = {Does Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder affect Clinical Characteristics of Mania in Children and Adolescents?}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: To assess the impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on clinical characteristics of bipolar disorder (BPD) in hospitalized children and adolescents. Method: Clinical characteristics of twenty 6-18 years old children and adolescents with BPD was assessed and compared in two groups of patients with or without ADHD, using K-SADS clinical interview and the clinical diagnosis of two child and adolescent psychiatrists. Results: 35% of patients had a history of ADHD. The onset of BPD in the BPD+ADHD group was earlier. Comorbidity rates of other disorders were also higher in this group than in the group with pure ADHD. Conclusion: It is likely that subjects with BPD+ADHD comprise a particular subgroup of bipolar patients. In this subgroup there is a higher rate of comorbidity and a lower age of mania onset the onset of the disorder is also usually of subacute type. Therefore, ADHD may be a harbinger of bipolar disorder in these children and adolescents.}, Keywords = {Key words: bipolar disorder, children, adolescents, ADHD }, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {197-203}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Hebrani, Paria and Alaghbandrad, Javad and Arabgol, Fariba and Salehi, Mansour and Afzalaghaie, Monavar}, title = {The Role of Gender in Familial Etiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of gender on familial transmission of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Method: 997 first degree relatives (554 parents, 443 siblings) of 277 probands with ADHD (aged 5-17 yrs) who were selected using con-venience sampling from among patients referred to the clinic of child psychiatry at Dr. Sheikh Hospital in the city of Mashad, were studied. The diagnosis of ADHD for patients was made by clinical interview by a psychiatrist and Kiddie-Scheduale for Affective Disorders & Schizo- phrenia (K-SADS), and screening for the presence of ADHD in the family members of the probands was done by psychiatric clinical interview as well as K-SADS and Wender diagnostic tests.Results: Our findings showed no gender differences in the prevalence of ADHD in the relatives of girls and boys with ADHD.Conclusion: This study showed that gender is not a genetic-familial risk factor for developing ADHD and the familial aggregation of ADHD.}, Keywords = {Key words: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, gender, heredity}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {204-208}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Shabani, Amir and Nikravesh, Somaieh and Panaghi, Leili}, title = {Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: Is it Common in Multiple Sclerosis?}, abstract ={  Abstract   Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of the symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).   Method: Forty patients (18 males and 22 females) were evaluated via clinician-administered Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y- BOCS) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). The cutoff points of these scales were used as diagnostic criteria for OCD and depressive disorder. T-test, Fisher's exact test and chi-square were used to analyze data.   Results: 17.5% of patients had OCD and 69.2% had depressive dis- order. In all cases of OCD, the patients described the onset of symptoms to have begun before the clinical presentations of MS. Educational level of OCD cases was significantly higher than the non-OCD group (p<0.05). The frequency of obsession was significantly higher than compulsion (p<0.0001), and the most common obsession was “doubt”. The frequency of OCD was not significantly different between depressed and non-depressed patients. Conclusion: The frequency of OCD in MS patients is significant and it cannot be accounted for by a high rate of comorbidity of depressive disorder.}, Keywords = {Key words: multiple sclerosis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, Y-BOCS }, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {209-215}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Rahmanian, Mahdieh and Mirjafari, Ahmad and Hasani, Jafar}, title = {The Relationship between Craving and Attentional Bias in Opioid Dependent, Relapsed and Abstinent Individuals}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between craving and attentional bias in opioid dependent, relapsed and abstinent individual. Method: In this retrospective study, 30 opioid dependent and 30 abs-tinent males with the age range of 18-60, who were matched on the basis of age, education and the abused substance, were assessed using Craving Beliefs Questionnaire and Probe Dot Task. Results: Craving had negative and significant (p<0.01) correlation with reaction time for drug related words, which is evidence of relation between craving and attentional bias. In addition, the results showed significant difference among the three groups with regard to craving (p<0.001). Conclusion: There is a correlation between craving and attentional bias among opioid  dependent people.}, Keywords = {Key words: craving, attentional bias, drug dependence, opiates }, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {216-222}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Ostovar, Soghra and Taghavi, Mohammadrez}, title = {Validity Assessment of Dimensions of Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives:  The purpose of the present study was to assess the validity of Clark and Watson’s tripartite theory of anxiety and depression and to assess the differences between the two genders with regard to social anxiety, general anxiety, and depression in a sample of adolescents.  Method: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 403 secondary students (225 girls, 178 boys) who were selected using randomized cluster sampl- ing, completed the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents, the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, and the Children Depression In-ventory. The convergent and divergent validity of the tripartite model of anxiety and depression was first assessed via correlation matrix. Next, t-test was used to compare depressive and anxiety disorder between the two groups. Results: The results of the convergent and divergent validity supported Clark and Watson's tripartite theory of anxiety and depression. In comparison with males, females reported higher levels of social anxiety (p<0.01), general anxiety (p<0.01) and depression (p<0.001). Conclusion: Clark and Watson's tripartite theory of anxiety and dep-ression is confirmed despite the limitations of the model.}, Keywords = {Key words: tripartite model of anxiety and depression, social anxiety, convergent validity, divergent validity}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {223-229}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-6-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Rajabi, Gholamrez}, title = {Validating the Measuring Attitude Toward Smoking Scale}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: The aim of this research was to validate Measuring Attitude Toward Smoking Scale among university students. Method: From 250 Shahid Chamran University students that were selected using a multi-phase random method, 233 students (113 female, 120 males) completed the Measuring Attitude Toward Smoking Scale. To assess the validity of this measure, principal components analysis (Varimax rotation) was used. Results: Cronbach,s and split-half reliability coefficients (internal consistency) were satisfactory for the whole scale and in extracted four factors. In the factor analysis of this scale using the principal components analysis (Varimax rotation) four factors were extracted: relationship with smokers, smoking restrictions and laws, health and non-smoke settings, and non-name. Conclusion: Measuring Attitude Toward Smoking Scale can be used as a reliable and valid instrument in educational and research settings, particularly in assessing the attitudes of smokers and non-smokers toward smoking.}, Keywords = {Key words: Measuring Attitude Toward Smoking Scale, cigarette, nicotine, substance dependence, attitude }, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {230-235}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-7-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-7-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Khalafbaigi, Mitra and Bayanzadeh, Akbar and Zadeh-mohammadi, Ali and Shafaroodi, Nargess}, title = {The Effect of Musical Activity on Memory and Attention in Schizophrenia}, abstract ={  Abstract   Objectives: This study was carried out with the aim of assessing the effect of musical activities on the memory and attention of patients with schizophrenia.   Method: 28 men with schizophrenia took part in this research and were studied in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group took part in music therapy sessions. Data were gathered using Weshsler Digit Span Scale, Lezak Letter Cancellation Test and Andreason Scale in the pretest and post-test stages.   Results: Music therapy was effective in elevating memory scores (p<0.05, t=-2.18) and attention scores (p<0.01, t=2.5), and its effects were not different in patients with negative and positive symptoms. Conclusion: Adjusted musical stimuli could reduce lack of attention and absent -mindedness in patients with schizophrenia.}, Keywords = {Key words: schizophrenia, memory, attention, music}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {236-243}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Shakeri, Jalal and Parvizifard, Ali Akbar and Sadeghi, Kheirollah and Moradi, Rez}, title = {Personality Traits, Stress, Coping and Religious Attitudes among Individuals Attempting Suicide}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: This research was carried out to assess the personality traits, psychosocial stress, strategies of coping with stress, and religious attitudes of subjects who had attempted suicide and were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in the city of Kermanshah, and to compare them with the control group. Method: The present study is a case-control study in which 120 subjects who had attempted suicide (75 females, 45 males) were compared with 120 subjects of the control group who were selected using con-venience sampling and were also demographically matched. Data were gathered using a demographic questionnaire, clinical interview, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Life Incidence Questionnaire, Coping Skills Questionnaire, and Religious Attitudes Questionnaire. The data were ana- lyzed via descriptive statistic methods, t-test, and c2.  Results: Results indicated that in comparison with the control group, the subjects who had attempted suicide had more personally traits of introversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism, had experienced more stress- ful events before the suicide attempt, had a cognitively higher assess-ment of stressful life events, had used problem-centered coping less, and had less religious attitudes. Conclusion: Suicide is caused by the interaction of some background and revealing factors.}, Keywords = {Key words: suicide attempt, personality traits, stress, coping style, religious attitude}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {244-250}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-9-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-9-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Rezvan, Shiva and Bahrami, Fatemeh and Abedi, MohammadRez}, title = {The Effect of Emotional Regulation on Happiness and Mental Rumination of Students}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotional regulation on happiness and rumination in female students at Isfahan University. Method: This is a quasi-experimental study. The sample consisted of 75 female students residing at Isfahan University dormitory, who were randomly assigned to three 25-person groups of emotional suppression, reappraisal, and control. All the participants filled in the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire before watching the film. After watching the film, the subjects filled in the questionnaire again. They then answered questions that were aimed at distracting them from the film and finally answered another questionnaire, which was designed to assess their rumination about the story of the film. Results: There was a significant difference among the emotional suppression group and the two other groups regarding their rumination and happiness. Their rumination was higher than the two groups and their happiness was lower. Conclusion: The appraisal of emotion before its development, not only prevents severe emotions at encountering a negatively charged emo-tional situation, but also prevents a significant decrease in happiness after an emotionally charged event. In addition, it lessens the mental ruminations that develop subsequent to the emotion.}, Keywords = {Key words: emotional regulation, rumination, happiness }, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {251-257}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-10-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-10-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Samani, Siamak}, title = {Family Cohesion and Emotional Autonomy in Runaway Girls}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to compare runaway girls and normal girls regarding family cohesion and emotional autonomy.Method: 35 runaway girls and 35 normal girls filled out the Family Cohesion Scale and Emotional Autonomy Scale. Data were analyzed using discriminant analysis and t-test. Results: The comparison of the runaway girls and the normal group indicated a significant difference in four out of five dimensions of Family Cohesion Scale (cohesion with father, marital relationship, place of interaction, and parent-adolescent relationship). Also, the results of discriminant analysis showed that marital relationship and parent-adolescent relationship are two factors that can discriminate %77 of runaway girls from normal girls. Conclusion: Style of familial relationships is an important factor in the difference between runaway girls and normal girls.}, Keywords = {Key words: runaway girls, family cohesion, emotional autonomy }, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {258-262}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-11-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-11-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Tavalaie, Abbas and Asari, Shervin and Habibi, Mehdi}, title = {Subjective Sleep Quality in Chemical Warfare Veterans}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: This study was conducted to compare the subjective sleep quality of a group of chemical warfare veterans and a sample of healthy controls. Method: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the sleep quality of 78 chemical warfare veterans as well as 65 controls. Results: 73 subjects (93%) in the case group and 39 subjects (60%) in the control group were poor sleepers (p<0.001). According to the sub- scales of the questionnaire, the relative frequency of the abnormality of the subjects’ description of sleep, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunction was higher in cases than controls (p<0.05). Mean interval of going to bed until falling asleep was longer in cases (46±31 min.) than in controls (32.30±32.17 min.) (p<0.01). Although the duration of effective sleep was reported to be lower in veterans (5.32±1.53 h) than controls (5.61±1.53 h), this difference was not significant statistically.Conclusion:  Impairment of sleep quality in chemical warfare veterans in comparison with the control group may be due to psychiatric dis-orders such as depression and anxiety, as well as chronic pulmonary disease.}, Keywords = {Key words: sleep, sleep quality, chemical warfare veterans, Pittsburgh Questionnaire }, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {263-269}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-12-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-12-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Jokar, Mahnaz and Baghban, Iran and Ahmadi, Ahm}, title = {Comparison of the Effect of Face to Face Counseling and Cognitive Bibliotherapy in Reducing Depressive Symptoms}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Beck’s cognitive therapy, face to face counseling, and bibliotherapy on the treatment of patients with mild to moderate depression. Method: The subjects consisted of 30 clients referred to the Isfahan University Center for Counseling, who were diagnosed with mild to moderate depression via Beck’s Depression Questionnaire and were randomly divided into three 10-person groups (two treatment groups and one control group). Subjects in the face to face treatment group took part in six 45-minutes weekly sessions of cognitive counseling. Also, the bibliography group read the book “Psychology of dep-ression” by Burns over a six week period and had weekly 15 to 20 minutes discussions with the psychologist about the methods of carrying out the assignments as well as the contents of the book. Descriptive analysis and covariance analysis were used for data analysis. Results: Cognitive counseling and bibliography were independently effective in Reducing depressive symptoms (p<0.001). No significant difference was seen between the two therapeutic methods with regard to Reducing depressive symptoms in patients. Conclusion: If cognitive counseling and bibliography are carried out in an organized way and on an appropriate theoretical basis, they will be effective.}, Keywords = {Key words: face to face counseling, bibliography, depression }, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {270-276}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-13-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-13-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Hassanzadeh, Ramazan and Toliati, Mansour and Hosseini, Hamzeh and Davari, Farzaneh}, title = {Relationship between Health Locus of Control and Health Behaviors}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of expectations, thoughts, and health locus of control on quality of life, health behaviors, and health enhancement. Method: The subjects consisted of 360 female high school students in the city of Sari that were selected using randomized sampling method. Data were gathered using Health Locus of Control Questionnaire and Health Behavior Questionnaire. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and t-test were used to analyze data. Results: Data showed a significant relationship between health locus of control and health protective behavior in the fields of personal hygiene (p<0.05), nutrition (p<0.05), exercise (p<0.05), sleep and rest (p<0.05), and anxiety control (p<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between health protective behavior of students and internal and external health locus of control. Conclusion: Thoughts and health locus of control are effective in the quality of life and health protective behaviors. }, Keywords = {Key words: health locus of control, quality of life, expectations, health behaviors }, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {277-281}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-14-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-14-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Taleghani, Fariba and Parsa-yekta, Zohreh and NikbakhtNasrabadi, Alirez}, title = {Coping with Breast Cancer in Newly Diagnosed Women:A Qualitative Study}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to explore coping with breast cancer in Iranian women. Method: In this qualitative study, 19 patients with breast cancer were interviewed about their coping with receiving the diagnosis of their illness. The interviews were analyzed through content thematic method.Results: The main themes obtained in this study include coping with the disease using a religious approach (acceptance of the disease as God’s willing, seeking spiritual help), thinking about the disease (positive think- ing: hope, positive suggestion, curability of the disease, intentional forget- fulness negative thinking: hopelessness, fear, impaired mental image), accepting the fact of disease (active acceptance: fighting the disease, patience passive acceptance), social and cultural factors effective for coping (reactions of society to the disease, presence of same groups) and support of loved ones. Conclusion: Most strategies for coping with breast cancer in newly diagnosed women is positive and based on fighting with the disease and not to give in. Religious beliefs play a major role. }, Keywords = {Key words: coping, breast cancer, qualitative study }, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {282-288}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-15-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-15-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Rezaian, Mohsen and Sharifi-rad, Gholamrez}, title = {Self-immolation the Most Important Suicide Method in Ilam Province}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {289-290}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-16-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-16-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Ahmadkhaniha, H.R. and Gharaipoor, M. and Panaghi, L.}, title = {The Effectiveness of Contingency Management and Cognitive-behavioral Therapy on Opiate Dependence}, abstract ={ AbstractIntroduction: In this study, the effectiveness of contingency management and cognitive-be-havioral therapy on the treatment of patients with opiate dependence receiving naltrexone main-tenance treatment, was evaluated. Method: Patients with opiate dependence between ages 20 to 49 who were receiving naltrexone maintenance treatment (n=90) were randomly assigned for 16 weeks to one of three conditions: naltrexone alone, naltrexone with contingency management, and naltrexone with cognitive be-havioral therapy. Patients were evaluated with Addiction severity Index before the beginning of treatment interventions. The three groups were again evaluated after the interventions, using the same checklist. The results were analyzed using Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey follow-up test. Results: Significant differences were found among the three groups with regard to Addiction Se- verity Index scores, attrition and compliance. The resultant significant statistical differences in- dicate the effectiveness of contingency management and cognitive-behavioral therapy approaches in treatment of opiate dependence.   Conclusion: Contingency management has an early effect on lowering drug abuse, but its effects are reduced after treatment. The effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy remain until months after the cessation of treatment.}, Keywords = {Key words: opioid dependency, naltrexone, contingency management, cognitive-behavioral therapy}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {3-8}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-29-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-29-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Mehrabi, F. and Dadfar, M. and Chimeh, N.}, title = {The Effectiveness of Cognitive-behavioral Techniques in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction / Performance Anxiety Type}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: cognitive-behavioral therapy, erectile dysfunction, performance anxiety, psycho- sexual disorder}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {9-15}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-30-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-30-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Hamidia, A. and Ghadiri, M. and AfkhamEbrahimi, A.}, title = {Comparison of Memory Impairment Due to Electroconvulsive Therapy in Depressed Patients Receiving Liothyronine and Vitamin B12}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), liothyronine, memory impairment, depression}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {16-20}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-31-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-31-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Assadi, S. M. and Zokaei, N. and Kaviani, H. and Mohammadi, M. R. and Gohari, M.R.}, title = {The Relationship between Socio-cultural Context, Parenting Style, Adolescents’ Learning Style, and Scholastic Achievement}, abstract ={AbstractIntroduction: Regarding the effects of socio-economic factors on child upbringing, and the role of rearing methods on thought, behavior, and academic and social achievements, this study aimed to examine the influence of socio-cultural context on parenting style, academic achievement, and learning style in the city of Tehran. Method: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 240 eighth grade students (120 males, 120 females) from the southern, central, and northern parts of Tehran were selected using cluster multistage sampling. To assess the socio-cultural background, four demographic factors including place of residence, number of children, parents’ place of birth, and parents’ education were employed. The Parental Authority Questionnaire was used to assess rearing method. Also, learning style was assessed with Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory. Academic achievement was assessed using the grade average of final exams. Results were analyzed using statistical analysis of variance, Scheffe post hoc test, multifactor regression, and Pearson correlation test.Results: The authoritative parenting style was more prevalent in city southern parts. There was positive and significant correlation between authoritative parenting style and higher academic grades. ANOVA showed that the authoritative parenting cultivate theorist learning style. Conclusion: In families residing in Tehran, socio-cultural background is related to child rearing method. Families residing in the southern parts of the city use more authoritarian approaches. Child rearing method is also correlated with learning method and academic achievement of child- ren. Authoritative parenting appeared to cultivate “theorist” learning style and promote better aca- demic achievement.}, Keywords = {Key words: social-cultural backgrounds, parenting style, academic achievement, learning style}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {21-28}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-32-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-32-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Rahimnia, M. and Rasulian, M.}, title = {Comparison of Coping Mechanisms of Adolescents Inhabiting “Tehran Correction and Rehabilitation Center” and High School Students}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: coping, confrontation, delinquency, conduct disorder, adolescence, antisocial behavior }, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {29-35}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-33-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-33-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Smaeily, S. K. and Bayanzadeh, A. and Hejazy, E. and Shafaroudy, N.}, title = {Social Problem Solving Skills in Students with Learning Disability}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: learning disability, social problem solving skill, primary schoolchildren}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {36-42}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-34-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-34-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Khajeddin, N. and HakimShoushtari, M. and Hajebi, A.}, title = {The Impact of Perception of Locus of Control on Burnout Syndrome Among Nurses in a Psychiatric Hospital}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: burnout syndrome, perception of locus of control, Rotter Scale}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {43-48}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-35-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-35-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Goodarzi, Sh. S. and Arbabi, M. and SamimiArdestani, M.}, title = {Naltrexone as an Adjunct to Treatment of Schizophrenia: A Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial}, abstract ={ AbstractIntroduction: Given the role of opioids and their antagonists on dopamine secretion, the effect of naltrexone use in the treatment of schizophrenia was evaluated in this study. Method: In a double blind placebo controlled clinical trial study on a group of 34 patients with schizophrenia on maintenance therapy with antipsychotics, 17 patients received naltrexone (50 mg, BID) and 17 patients received placebo (BID). The patients were evaluated at the start of the trial, as well as three and six weeks after, using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).Results: Patients receiving naltrexone showed improvement in positive symptoms from week three to week six, and improvement in negative symptoms from week one to week three.Conclusion: Naltrexone had no significant effect on positive or negative symptoms of schizo-phrenia compared to placebo.}, Keywords = {Key words: schizophrenia, naltrexone, opioid, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, maintenance therapy}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {49-54}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-36-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-36-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Sadri, K. and Shirazi, E. and Nohesara, Sh.}, title = {Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in the History of Parents of Children with the Same Disorder}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), parents, hereditary Factors}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {55-58}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-37-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-37-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Andouz, Z.}, title = {Efficacy and Effectiveness of Wells’ Metacognitive Model in Treating a Case of Obsessive-compulsive Disorder}, abstract ={ AbstractIntroduction: The objective of the current investigation was to introduce the metacognitive model of obsession and to Explore the efficacy and effectiveness of this model in the treatment of ob- sessive compulsive disorder.Method: In a single-subject experimental trial of multiple baseline type, the treatment process was carried out on a female subject. The subject was assessed at both pretreatment (baseline) and post treatment (eighth session) using Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS),  Subjective Unit Distress (SUD), Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ) and Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI). In addition, the first three scales were again completed by the subject at the first, fourth, and follow-up sessions.Results: The score of the subject decreased from 38 at pre-intervention to eight at post-inter-vention in the Y-BOCS. There was also a reduction in her depression, anxiety, and stress. The sub- ject’s score decreased from nine at pre-intervention to three at post-intervention. Conclusion: The treatment approach based on Wells’ metacognitive model was effective in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.}, Keywords = {Key words: metacognition, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Wells’ metacognitive model}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {59-66}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-38-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-38-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {zoladl,}, title = {Phenomenological Study of Common Experiences of Families with Mentally ill Patients}, abstract ={Short Scientific Article}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {67-70}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-39-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-39-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {davasazirani,}, title = {Prevalence of Mental Disorders in Khuzestan Province Rural Areas}, abstract ={Short Scientific Article}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {71-74}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-40-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-40-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E.}, title = {Psychometric Properties of Youth Coping Responses Inventory in a Study on Patients Undergoing Treatment for Cancer}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Coping Responses Inventory for Youth (CRI-Y), assessing young adults undergoing treatment for cancer. The main goal of this study was to investigate the conceptual structure and reliability of this questionnaire in the Iranian cultural milieu (a kind of construct validity).  In addition, the convergent and discriminative validity of this inventory that are other important psychometric properties of a test, are also assessed. Method: Seventy-five individuals who were under chemotherapeutic treatment for leukemia in several cancer centers in the city of Tehran participated in this study. In addition to CRI-Y, a religious coping scale was also used in data collection. Spielberger State/Trait Anxiety Scale was used to assess anxiety. Data were also analyzed based on the theoretical frameworks and empirical findings that determine the role of religious coping and significance of avoidant coping in acute and chronic illnesses in adolescents. Results: Principal Component Analysis of the CRI-Y scale did not replicate the original construct CRI-Y structure. Factor analysis of the principal components of the scale yielded four factors. Reliabilities for the scales, computed with Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients were satis-factory. Means of CRI-Y sub-scales showed that subjects were using both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping. Religious coping was significantly correlated with all factors. Anxiety scores were negatively correlated with CRI-Y factor 1 and 2, but correlated positively and significantly with CRI-Y factor 4. Anxiety scores were significantly correlated inversely with religious coping. Conclusion: CRI-Y sub-scales can be used to indicate adolescents’ coping activities that significantly influence their anxiety. }, Keywords = {Key words: stress, cancer, chronic illness, adolescents, coping, religion, culture, anxiety}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {315-326}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-119-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-119-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {AliFarhoudian, and RezaRadGoodarzi, and AfarinRahimiMovaghar, and VandadSharifi, and MohammadRezaMohammadi, and ElaheSahimiIzadian, and NaghmehMansouri, and AliAkbarNejatisafa,}, title = {Trend of Researches in the Field of Psychiatric Disorders in Iran}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to provide a quantitative analysis of researches performed on psychiatric disorders in Iran, over a 30-year period.Method: All scientific papers published from 1973 to 2002 in the field of psychiatric disorders were assessed to collect data regarding author's (authors') specifications, field of studies, research topics, methodologies, location of data collection, geographical span, financial supports, and collaboration status among the authors. Results: Of the 3031 publications, 1171 (38.6%) were related to psy-chiatric disorders. Most of the published papers had studied substance-related disorders (24.6%). The most studied disorders were depressive disorders (16.9%) and the most studied aspects were symptomatology and diagnosis. Cross-sectional design was obsereved in 51.8% of the methodologies. Use of clinical trial methodologies had a mounting increase. Number of publications increased over the period especially after the year 1372. Conclusion: Based on the survey, tremendous growth has occurred in researches in the field of psychiatric disorders in the last decade in Iran. “Research on Research” is a valuable tool for monitoring the development of research in every discipline and is needed to make efficient judgments in employing limited resources. }, Keywords = {Key words: psychiatric disorders, scientometry, research on research, Iran}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {327-336}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-120-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-120-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Khalili, Navid and Yasamy, Mohammad Taghi}, title = {Availability of Inpatient Services for Psychiatric Patients in Psychiatric Emergency Units}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: This study was carried out to assess availability of psychiatric emergency services for patients presenting to Imam-Hossein and Taleghani Hospitals in Tehran which inspite of admission need, are not admitted, and role of hospital bed shortage in it with associated risk of suicide in these clients if not admitted. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study lasted from October 2004 to January 2005 in these two hospitals. On-call psychiatry residents interviewed all patients referred to the Psychiatry Emergency Units in a 24-hour period and data were documented in the questionnaires. Results: A total of 426 patients (347 in Imam-Hossein and 79 in Taleghani hospitals) were studied. Mean age of the clients was 32.8 years 50.2% were male and 49.8% were female 77.9% of all needed admission, 44.6% of those which were not admitted 39.1% had moderate or high risk of suicide. Cause of non-admission was lack of hospital beds in 93.2% of cases. Parameters such as diagnosis (psychotic or mood disorder), longer duration of illness, higher risk of suicide and history of suicide attempt, though in more need of being admitted, didn’t relate significantly with admission probability. Besides, patients with substance abuse and those with more recent suicide attempt, though in more need of being admitted, were significantly less admitted (p<0.001) those who needed to be admitted because of risk to harm self and/or others, were significantly less admitted than other patients. In logistic regression analysis only two factors of gender (female) and education correlated significantly (p-value of 0.001 & 0.05 respectively) with admission probability in case needed (with odd ratios of 2.63 and 0.93, respectively). Conclusion: It seems that there is a serious lack of necessary hospital beds for patients and the need for admission doesn’t determine admission probability. }, Keywords = {Key words: bed, psychiatry, admission, Tehran}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {337-345}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-121-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-121-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Gharaipoor, Manoochehr and Atef-Vahid, Mohammad Kazem and Nasr-Esfahani, Mehdi and AsgharnejadFarid, Ali-asghar}, title = {Neuropsychological Function in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Suicidal Attempt}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: Neuropsychological dysfunction in major depressive disorder may be associated with the suicide risk in these patients. In this study, neuropsychological functions in patients with major depre-ssion and at least one prior suicide attempt, in patients with major depre-ssion and no history of suicide attempt, and healthy controls were compared. Method: In this causal or ex post facto study, fifteen patients with non-psychotic major depressive disorder and at least one prior suicide attempt, fifteen patients with non-psychotic major depressive disorder who had no history of suicide attempts, and fifteen normal subjects were compared with one another based on their neuropsychological function. Subjects were selected upon their availability. Groups were matched for age, sex, and education. Using Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Color-Word Test (SC-WT), Revised Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-R), and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), 4 domains: executive functions, selective attention, visual memory, and verbal memory were assessed. Statistical tests of multi-variable analysis of variance, Tukey test, and co-variance analysis method were applied in data analysis. Results: Non-psychotic major depressive patients with history of suicide attempt performed significantly worse than the other two groups on WCST (p<0.001) and SC-WT (p<0.001). Conclusion: Executive function and selective attention is more impaired in the first group than the second one. Impairments of per-formance in the executive function and selective attention in major depressive patients with prior suicide attempt are more extensive than what previously observed in major depressive disorder without suicide attempt. Neuropsychological impairments in major depressive disorder may be a risk factor for suicide attempts. }, Keywords = {Key words: depression, suicide, neuropsychological functions}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {346-352}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-122-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-122-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Sajadifar, Mohammad and Sharifi, Vandad and Amini, Homayou}, title = {Psychotic-like Ideations in a Group of University Students}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was assessing psychotic-like ideations and their association with mental health in a group of medical students as a part of the normal population. Method: A total of 150 students from Tehran University of Medical Sciences with no previous or present history of any major psychiatric illness were selected through convenient sampling method in this cross-sectional descriptive study and assessed by Peters Delusions Inventory (PDI) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Data were then analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, and Mann-Whitney Test. Results: This study revealed that on average, subjects reported 9.38 psychotic-like ideations (range: 0-28). Frequency of psychotic-like ideations and its extent were reversely associated with mental health (p<0.05). Conclusion: Wide range of psychotic-like beliefs were found among university students in the absence of major psychiatric illness that are reversely associated with mental health. }, Keywords = {Key words: psychotic-like ideations, university students, mental health}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {353-358}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-123-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-123-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Mazhari, Shahrzad and Haghshenas, Hasan and Firooz-abadi, Ali}, title = {Verbal Memory, Visual Memory and Working Memory in Patients with Schizophrenia and their First-degree Relatives}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: Assessment of cognitive deficits in patients with schizo-phrenia bears significant implications, particulary in localizing the underlying accompanying neurological impairments. This study aimed for evaluation of cognitive deficits in first-degree relatives of these patients who reflect the same underlying genetic vulnerability for the disorder. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 30 patients with schizophrenia, 30 first-degree relatives, and 30 control subjects were assessed. They completed tests of verbal & visual paired associate recall, Wechsler digit span, and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). Data were analysed using statistical t-test, ANOVA, Tukey test, Chi-square, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Our study revealed alterations in the memory of patients with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives compared to the controls. Both patients and their relatives also showed significant diffrence in verbal and visual paired associate recall tests, backward digit span, and PASAT. Conclusion: Diminished cognitive functions is observed in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Verbal and visual paired asso-ciation tests, Backward digit Span test, and PASAT may indicate vulner-ability towards this disorder. }, Keywords = {Key words: Schizophrenia, first-degree relatives, verbal memory, visual memory, working memory}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {359-364}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-124-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-124-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Rahmani, Farnaz and Seyed-fatemi, Naeeme and Baradaran-rezaee, Mahin and Sedaghat, Kamran and Fathiazar, Skandar}, title = {The Relationship of Parenting Style and the Extent of Problem Behaviors in Students}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: Due to the significance of parenting style affecting adole-scents’ behavior, this study aims to assess the relationship of parenting style and problem behaviors in adolescent students of Tabriz city (Iran) schools. Method: In this cross-sectional study 360 adolescent students (224 girls, 136 boys) from the governmental schools in the city of Tabriz were selected based on a cluster sampling. They were assessed by Parenting Style Inventory and Problem Behavior Scale. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics methods, and one-way analysis of variance and LSD tests. Results: Most of the adolescent students reported their parenting style as authoritative (39.7%) and had modest problem behaviors (39.2%). A significant statistical difference was noted between parenting style and problem behaviors (p<0.05). Conclusion: Parenting styles affect the development of problem behaviors among adolescents. }, Keywords = {Key words: parenting style, problem behaviors, adolescent}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {365-370}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-125-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-125-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Danesh, Esmat and Saliminia, Nargess}, title = {Group "A" Murray’s Needs in 3-10 Year-Old Children of Working Vs. Housewife Mothers}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: To compare group "A" Murray’s needs (achievement, do-minance, exposition, acquisition, aggression, construction, compensation, fame and being known, and understanding needs) in 3-10 year-old children of working and homemaker mothers. Method: In this causal-comparative study, 50 children from both groups were selected through convenient sampling method. The research instrument was Children Apperception Test (CAT) that was performed individually in a controlled condition. Data were then analyzed using distribution of repeated measurements and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. Results: It was found that acquisition and construction needs in children of employed mothers were more than children of homemaker mothers needs for being known and for understanding were more in children of homemaker mothers than of employed mothers and the amount of other group "A" Murray’s needs (achievement, aggression, compensation, dominance, and exposition) did not differ significantly in the two children groups. Conclusion: Magnitude of the needs for acquisition and construction, in children of employed mothers and being known, and understanding needs are bigger in children of homemaker mothers. }, Keywords = {Key words: needs of children, employed mothers, homemaker mothers, CAT test}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {371-379}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-126-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-126-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {MousaviNasab, Mohammad Hossein and Taghavi, Mohammad Rez}, title = {Optimism-Pessimism and Coping Strategies: Prediction of Psychological Adjustment in Adolescents}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: Optimism plays a major role in coping with stressful life events. The purpose of the present study is to examine the influence of optimism on coping strategies and psychological adjustment in adole-scents. Method: In a correlational and causal-comparative study, 208 females and 147 males volunteers to university entrance examination through a random cluster sampling were selected. Four questionnaires of Life Orientation Test - Revised (LOT-R), Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WOCQ), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were then administered to the subjects. Results: Optimists benefited greater problem-focused coping strategies compared to the pessimists. In addition, they had better general health (p<0.001) and life satisfaction (p<0.001). Regression analysis indicated that optimism-pessimism accounted for a significant amount of the variance (p<0.05) in coping strategies and psychological adjustment. Conclusion: These findings confirm the role of optimism in employing better psychological adjustment. }, Keywords = {Key words: optimism, pessimism, coping strategies, psychological adjustment, adolescents, general health, life satisfaction}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {380-389}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-127-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-127-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Keramati, Keramat and Bolhari, Jafar and AsgharnejadFarid, Ali-asghar}, title = {Effect of Father Loss on Behavioral Disorders in Primary School Children}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study is to compare behavioral disorders between fatherless and normal children. Method: In this ex post facto study, 118 students were randomly selected out of the whole student population of Fasa city (in south west of Iran). Parent’s and teacher’s versions of Rutter’s Behavioral Disorders Ques-tionnaires were assigned to the subjects who consisted of 58 normal children (27 girls, 31 boys) vs. 60 fatherless children (31 girls, 29 boys). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, Scheffe, t-test and c2 test. Results: The two groups of normal and fatherless children differed significantly in the prevalence of behavioral disorders (p<0.01). Fatherless children were suffering more from the behavioral disorders than the normal kids. In other words, fatherless girl subjects differed significantly in antisocial behavior disorder (p<0.01) and social maladjustment (p<0.01) from fatherless boys, while differences were not significant in other variables (depression-anxiety, hyperactivity, and aggressiveness).Conclusion: Fatherless children are susceptible to different behavioral disorders.  }, Keywords = {Key words: children, fatherless, behavioral disorder, Rutter’s Questionnaire}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {390-395}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-128-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-128-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {RahimianBoogar, Esshagh and Sadeghi, Ahm}, title = {Prevalence of Reading Disorder in Primary School Students}, abstract ={ AbstractObjectives: The study was designed to determine the prevalence of reading disorder among primary school students in Shahreza town (Iran). Method: A total of 1200 students (boys and girls) were selected through stratified random sampling method (300 in each grade) and assessed by Children Color Raven Intelligence Scale and Reading Level Diagnostic Scale. Data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics mothods, nonparametric test, chi-square and Cramer’s V test. Results: This survey revealed the highest prevalence of reading disorder in the grade two male students (10.8%), and the lowest in the grade five female students (2.8%). Prevalence of reading disorder was highest among rural grade two boys (11.3%) and lowest in the urban grade five girls (3.7%). The figures in the grade two and five students were 10.4% and 4.3% respectively. The mean prevalence of reading disorder in all the students (urban and rural) was 6.8%. Also, the difference between prevalence of reading disorder in boys and girls, urban and rural students, and different scholastic grades was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Reading disorder is more prevalent amongst male than female students. The prevalence is also higher in rural students than in urban students. In sum, reading disorder in this population is prevalent. }, Keywords = {Key words: prevalence, reading disorder, children, Shahreza}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {396-402}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-129-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-129-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Tairi, Fariba and AsgharnejadFarid, Ali-asghar and Bolhari, Jafar and Ghazizade, Ahm}, title = {Evaluation of Mental Health Program Integration into the Primary Health Care System of Sanandaj District}, abstract ={Abstract Objectives: This study has aimed to evaluate the integration of mental health program into rural Primary Health Care (PHC) system in Sanandaj district. Method: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 330 people from rural population, 60 health workers (Behvarz), 33 health houses, 11 rural health centers, and 63 psychiatric patients and their families in Sanandaj district selected by a random sampling. Data were gathered through administering case finding questionnaires in the rural population, knowledge and attitude assessment of rural people and health workers, evaluation of mental health program in rural health care centers, and assessment of severe psychiatric and epileptic patients’ status. It was then analyzed using the descriptive statistics and c2 test. Results: Results indicated that knowledge and attitude of health workers towards psychiatric disorders are satisfactory however, they are weak at case finding. Physicians working in the rural centers as the key agents have weak surveillance on mental health programs. More than 46% of basic psychiatric medications are not available in the rural centers and during the last year, there have not been any surveillance over physicians working in the rural centers from the scientific advisor of the mental health program (psychiatrist). Conclusion: General practitioners do not contribute significantly to mental health program integration into the PHC.  }, Keywords = {Key words: evaluation, integration, mental health, Primary Health Care, Sanandaj}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {403-409}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-130-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-130-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Farsi, Zahra and JabariMoroee, Masod and Ebadi, Abbas}, title = {Comorbidity of Migraine Headaches with Dysthymia and Schizoaffective Disorders}, abstract ={ Letter to the Editor}, Keywords = {}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {410-411}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-131-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-131-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2007} }