@article{ author = {Atef-Vahid, M.K. and Nasr-Esfahani, M. and Fattolahi, P. and Shojaie, M.R.}, title = {Standardization of the Persian Version of the California Psychological Inventory (PCI)}, abstract ={ AbstractIntroduction: The California Psychological Inventory was developed for assessing personality characteristics of a normal population. This instrument has been standardized in different count- ries and has been used to assess academic success, managerial skills, creativity, maladjust-ment, antisocial behavior, and vulnerability to situational stress. The aim of this study was to standardize this questionnaire for the Iranian population. Method: This study was of standardization type. After translation into Farsi and back trans-lation, the final form was prepared and administered to 1008 subjects (911 males, 97 females) who were selected via random stratified sampling procedure from the sites of a government department in nine provinces. The mean age of the subjects was 40.7 (S.D. 7.7) Cronbach’s alpha procedure and test-retest method was used to assess the reliability, and factor analysis was utilized to determine the validity of the questionnaire. Results: The alpha coefficients for the questionnaire ranged from 0.30 for the F/M scale to 0.83 for the V3 scale with a median of 0.60. The overall alpha coefficient for the whole ques-tionnaire was 0.95. The Pearson correlation coefficient for the test-retest on 50 subjects after two weeks ranged from 0.47 for communality to 0.85 for independence scales. The factor analysis revealed three factors which were named Control, Extroversion, and Flexibility.Conclusion: The Persian version of the California Psychological Inventory has acceptable reli- ability and validity for the Iranian sample.}, Keywords = {Keywords: California Psychological Inventory, standardization, Iran}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {371-378}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-41-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-41-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Azizian, M. and Abedi, M.R.}, title = {Construction and Standardization of Reading Level Diagnostic Test for Third Grade Primary School Children}, abstract ={ AbstractIntroduction: Early diagnosis of school children with dyslexia has an important role in the pre- vention of its harmful consequences. This research was carried out with the aim of construc-tion, standardization and the assessment of the validity and reliability of reading level diagnostic test for third grade primary school children in the city of Isfahan.Method: Five hundred sixty nine third grade primary school children who were recruited using multi-stage random sampling method, were examined in this study. Reading level diagnostic test includes six subtests and assesses school children with regard to correct reading, comprehen-sion and phonological awareness. First, in a pilot study the questions included in the test were analyzed and corrected according to psychometric standards. Then, to assess the validity of the test, the correlation of test scores with the average grade and IQ, the correlation of the subtest scores with each other, the assessment of change in test scores along with the rise in the level of education, and the assessment of the difference in test scores between the dyslexic and the nor- mal group was used, and also test-retest reliability was assessed.Results: The best subtests with regard to validity include oral reading, sentence completion and homogeneity, and the subtests comprehension 1 and comprehension 2 were the weakest in this regard. Also, in the assessment of the reliability of the subtests, oral reading subtest had the high- est, and comprehension 1 had the lowest reliability. Conclusion: Reading level diagnostic test is an appropriate tool for the assessment of reading skills in third grade primary school children.}, Keywords = {Keywords: standardization, reading level diagnostic test, reading}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {379-387}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-42-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-42-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Masoumi, A. and Shirazi, E.}, title = {Psychiatric Status in Offspring of Schizophrenic Parents:A Comparative Study}, abstract ={ AbstractIntroduction: In view of the fact that psychiatric disorders of parents can affect the behavior of their offspring, this study was carried out to assess the emotional and behavioral status of 6-16 year old offspring of patients with schizophrenia. Method: In an observational comparative study, using convenience sampling, the emotional and behavioral status of 100, 6-16 year old offspring from one hundred families with one schizo-phrenic parent, referred to psychiatric clinic of Iran and Hazrat Rasool Akram Hospitals, were compared with 100, 6-16 year old offspring of one hundred families with two healthy parents, referred to the dentistry clinic of the same centers. The comparison was carried out by means of the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) and the Child Global Assessment Scale (CGAS).Results: There was significant difference in the mean scores of CBCL and CGAS between the two groups.Conclusion: Schizophrenia in parents can affect the emotional and behavioral status in their off- spring.}, Keywords = {Keywords: schizophrenia, parents, offspring, CBCL, CGAS}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {388-395}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-43-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-43-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Malakouti, K. and Poshtmashadi, M.}, title = {Comparison of the Effects of Clozapine and Conventional Antipsychotics on the Burden and Psychological Well-being of Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia}, abstract ={ AbstractIntroduction: Due to the effect of symptoms of patients with schizophrenia on the psycholo-gical well-being of their caregivers, this study was carried out to assess the effect of treatment with clozapine and conventional antipsychotics on the caregivers’ burden and well-being. Method: Two hundred and three patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers were examined in a retrospective study. The subjects were enrolled using the sequential method. Family Burden Interview Scale (FBIS), Morning-side Rehabilitation Status Scale (MRSS), General Health Ques- tionnaire (GHQ) and a demographic questionnaire were the instruments of this study. Chi-square, correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression and t-student tests were used for data ana-lysis. Results: The results showed that most patients treated with clozapine consisted of young un-employed men with a higher frequency of hospitalization and higher level of education. The caregivers consisted mainly of parents. A positive correlation was observed between burden, psy- chological well-being and psychiatric symptoms of the patients. Psychiatric symptoms in general and negative symptoms in particular were less severe in the clozapine receiving group, but there was no significant difference with regard to burden and well being among the caregivers. Conclusion: By a better control of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia, clozapine could possibly be effective in reducing burden and maintaining psychological well-being.}, Keywords = {Keywords: schizophrenia, caregiver, psychological well-being, burden, antipsychotic}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {396-406}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-44-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-44-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Amiri, Sh. and Ghoreishizadeh, M.}, title = {The Relationship of Clinical Features with Demographic Characteristics in Patients with Bipolar I Disorder in the Manic Phase}, abstract ={ Abstract Introduction: Considering the importance of demographic and epidemiological characteristics of patients with bipolar disorder in the course and prognosis of this disorder, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between clinical features of bipolar I patients in a manic phase with demographic and some epidemiological features.Method: One hundred inpatients (65 men, 35 women) in a manic phase were selected using Con- venience Sampling. Diagnosis was made by means of clinical interview based on DSM-IV-TR criteria for diagnosis. The severity of illness was determined by hospitalization days and General Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ana- lysis of variance and t-test.Results: This study showed that the mean duration of hospitalization was higher for women (44.7 days) than for men (33.5 days). Also, there was a reverse correlation between GAF score and the number of hospitalization days. Conclusion: The mean duration of hospitalization was higher for women in comparison with men. The lower the GAF score at the time of admission, the higher the number of hospitalization days.}, Keywords = {Keywords: mania, clinical features, demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {407-412}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-45-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-45-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Tavakoli, A. and Rasoulian, M. and Golestani, M.G.}, title = {The Comparison of Depression and Consent in Families of Brain Dead Patients in Donor and Non-donor Groups}, abstract ={ AbstractIntroduction: The fact that some of the organs of a brain dead patient are still living, might make it difficult for the patient’s family to shift from denial to the acceptance of the patient’s death. Therefore, the present study was carried out to compare depression between two groups of fa-milies of brain dead patients (namely donor and non-donor) and the degree of their satisfac-tion of the medical organization.Method: This is a descriptive-cross sectional study. The subjects consisted of first-degree rela- tives of brain dead patients. Fifty four subjects from 27 donor families and 104 subjects from 58 non-donor families were selected using the counting method. These subjects had lost at least one of their first-degree relatives because of brain death, between the years 1380 and 1384 in the province of Tehran. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and Beck Depres-sion Inventory (BDI). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.Results: Depression was present in 20.4% of donor and 17.3% of non-donor families but the di- fference was not statistically significant. The comparison of the degree of depression between the families of donor patients and the non-donor patients as well as their spouses and children also did not show any significant difference. Nevertheless, 66% and 32% of the donor relatives con- sidered ‘organ donation’ to be completely effective and effective to some degree in overcoming grief, respectively. Conclusion: Organ donation does not have an effect on the degree of later depression and the course of grief in the relatives of brain dead patients.}, Keywords = {Keywords: organ donation, brain death, depression, grief, family}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {413-418}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-46-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-46-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Ziaoddini, H. and Shafizadeh, N.}, title = {The Epidemiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder in Elementary School children in the City of Sirjan}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Keywords: epidemiology, conduct disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Rutter’s Questionnaire, Iran}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {419-425}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-47-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-47-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Noroozian, M. and Shariat, V. and Assadi, M. and Yahyazadeh, O. and Pakravan, M. and Aghayan, Sh.}, title = {Neurological Soft Signs in Male Prison Inmates}, abstract ={ AbstractIntroduction: Due to the importance of the relation between neurological and behavioral dis-orders, this study was designed to compare the frequency of Neurological Soft Signs (NSS) and their different domains between a group of male prison inmates and a group of male non-prisoner subjects. Method: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 351 male prison inmates (including 54 with monet- ary crimes, 74 with violent crimes, 71 with non-violent crimes, 72 with crimes related to addiction, and 80 with crimes related to debauchery) were randomly selected, and were compared to 80 non-prisoner males using a demographic questionnaire and a neurological assessment measure.Results: The total NSS score was higher in prisoners than in non-prisoners. The difference was most evident in the domains of sensory integration, eye movements and glabellar tap reflex. Non- violent, addiction related, and monetary subgroups showed the most and the violent subgroup showed the least difference from the non-prisoner group. Conclusion: A uniform relation between NSS and the type of crime in different groups cannot be expected.}, Keywords = {Keywords: neurological soft signs, prison inmate, crime, handedness}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {426-434}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-48-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-48-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Hajebi, A. and HakimShoushtari, M. and Khajeddin, N.}, title = {The Effect of Parent Management Training for Parents of Preschoolers with ADHD}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Keywords: PMT, ADHD, CPRS, PCRS}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {435-440}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-49-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-49-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {RezaieKargar, F. and Karbandi, S. and Hassanabadi, H. and Esmaili, H.}, title = {Type of Personality and the Amount of Adherence to Recommended Regimens in Diabetic Patients}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Keywords: personality, adherence, health belief model, diabetes mellitus, NEO-FFI}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {441-448}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-50-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-50-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Mirsamadi, M. and Jafarpour, A.}, title = {Factors Causing Stress in Medical Center Managers in Tehran}, abstract ={ AbstractIntroduction: Due to detrimental effects of work among managers of health and medical centers, this research was carried out to assess factors causing stress among managers of public medical centers in Tehran. Method: This experiment was descriptive cross-sectional and was carried out by means of Luthans questionnaire. The subjects consisted of 94 managers of public medical centers in Tehran (all managers who were willing to complete the questionnaire). The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: “Excessive sense of responsibility” was among the most important personal stressful factors, “problems regarding inflation and cost of living” among the most important familial factors, “low budget and lack of equipment and facilities” among the most important occupa-tional factors, and finally, “environmental pollution” and “unawareness of clients of social, cultural and economic standards” were the most important socioeconomic and cultural stressful factors among the managers of medical centers. Conclusion: The most important stressful factors among managers of medical centers consist of low budget and lack of equipment and facilities.}, Keywords = {Keywords: stress, managers of medical centers, society health}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {449-454}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-51-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-51-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Askari, J.}, title = {Assessment of Risk Factors of Motivational Deficiencies in University Students from their Viewpoints}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Keywords: motivation, motivational deficiencies, students, mental health}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {455-462}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-52-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-52-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Non-compliance with Medication Regimens in Patients with Schizophrenia}, abstract ={Short Scientific Article}, Keywords = {}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {463-466}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Efficacy of Problem Solving Skills Education for High School Girl Students Aggression Reduction}, abstract ={Short Scientific Article}, Keywords = {}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {467-469}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {KoohiHabibi, L. and Rasoulian, M.}, title = {The Association of Oral Contraceptive Pills and Symptoms of Anxiety-Depression}, abstract ={  Abstract   Introduction: In this study the relationship between oral contraceptive pills (OCP) and symp-toms of anxiety-depression has been investigated.   Method: In a cross-sectional descriptive study, 200 females who referred to a West Tehran health center were evaluated. One hundred OCP takers were compared to one hundred OCP nontakers. Data were collected using Hamilton ’s Anxiety Questionnaire and Hamilton ’s Depression Scale. Data analysis was done using Mann-Whitney and c 2 tests.  Results: Of 31 symptoms explored (i.e., 17 depressive symptoms, 14 anxiety symptoms), symp- toms of depressed mood (63%), impaired concentration (30%), and genital symptoms (44%) were significantly higher in OCP takers than in controls. The remaining 28 symptoms, did not differ significantly between cases and controls. The mean depression score was not different between the groups. The mean anxiety score was higher in the OCP group. Depression and anxie- ty scores were not associated with the duration of OCP use.  Conclusion: Although some anxiety and depressive symptoms were higher in OCPs takers, most women are not at risk of serious psychiatric side effects of OCPs.}, Keywords = {Key words: oral contraceptive pill, psychiatric side effects, depression, anxiety}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {263-269}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Mohammadian, M. and Dadfar, M. and Bolhari, J. and KarimiKeisami, E.}, title = {Screening For Mental Disorders Among Afghan Immigrants Residing in Tehran}, abstract ={ AbstractIntroduction: The goal of the study was to screen mental disorders in Afghan immigrants who lived in Tehran in the year 2003.Method: In this research 453 Afghan immigrants (227 male and 226 female) were selected by cluster sampling from different areas of Tehran. Instruments were a demographic questionnaire on substance abuse and suicidal thoughts and attempted suicide, and the General Health Question- naire (GHQ-28) completed by Afghan interviewers. Data were analyzed using t-test, and ANOVA.Results: Findings showed that the prevalence of mental disorders was 55.6% (19.9% in males 35.7% in females). Prevalence of social dysfunction, anxiety, and somatic symptoms were higher than the depression. Ten percent of Afghan immigrants smoked cigarettes and 4% of them were substance abuser. Four percent had suicidal thoughts and 2% had attempted suicide. There was a significant association between mental disorders and demographic characteristics except for family size. Also there was a  significant association between mental disorders and type of re-sidence (i.e. centered vs. noncentered), but no meaningful relationship with the duration of stay  in Iran, reason for migration and place of residence. Conclusion: Mental disorders are of high prevalence in Afghan immigrants in Tehran.}, Keywords = {Key words: Afghan immigrants, mental disorders, General Health Questionnaire-28 }, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {270-277}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-56-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-56-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Seraji, M. and Dadfar, M.}, title = {The Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Fluoxetine and their Combination in Women with Sexual Phobia}, abstract ={ AbstractIntroduction: Sexual phobia can result in a lot of problems in women and their husbands. In the current  study the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), drug therapy and their combination was assessed.Method: In this experiment 13 female patients with sexual phobia were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups: 1-CBT (n=5), 2- Fluoxetine (n=3), 3- A Combination of CBT and fluoxetine (n=5). All subjects were pre- and post-tested by Measurement of Sexual Function, Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire and Sexual Anxiety Scale .Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA.Results: Findings showed that CBT alone or in combination with fluoxetine was effective in re- ducing maladaptive cognitions, irrational beliefs and sexual anxiety, but treatment with fluox-etine alone was not effective.Conclusion: Combination therapy was more effective than fluoxetine alone but it was not sig- nificantly different from CBT alone. Therefore, it seems that the improvement of patients’ sypm- toms were related to CBT alone.}, Keywords = {Key words: sexual phobia, cognitive-behavior therapy, Fluoxetine}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {278-282}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-57-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-57-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Naziry, and Dadfar, and KarimiKeisami,}, title = {The Role of Religious Commitment, Non-adaptive Religious Beliefs, Guilt Feeling and Non-adaptive Cognitive Beliefs in the Severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: religious commitment, non-adaptive beliefs, guilt feeling, obsessive-compulsive disorder }, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {283-289}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-58-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-58-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Ghazanfari, A.}, title = {Validation of Adolescents Coping Scale}, abstract ={ AbstractIntroduction: Assessing reliability and validity of Adolescents Coping Scale (ACS) was in-vestigated. Method: 1832 male and female high school students were selected randomly and assessed by the 80-items Adolescents Coping Scale and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ- 28). Factor analysis was used for internal consistency (α) and data concurrent validity, and reliability and validity of the scale was determined.Results: There were 18 main strategies extracted from the ACS. The 18 strategies were cate-gorized as 3 main styles. The overall reliability of ACS was 0.87 and the reliability of produc-tive coping, referring to others, and non productive styles were respectively 0.82, 0.82 and 0.81. Validation results showed that productive coping and referring to others had a significant posi- tive association with mental health, while the non-productive coping style had a significant negative association with mental health.Conclusion: The Adolescents Coping Scale (ACS) is valid and reliable for assessing coping strategies and coping style.}, Keywords = {Key words: coping strategy, coping style, adolescent, stress, mental health, Adolescents Coping Scale }, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {290-297}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-59-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-59-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The Cognitive State of Hospitalized Men with Schizophrenia and Bipolar I Disorder}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: cognitive impairments, schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder, MMSE}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {298-303}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-60-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-60-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Kaviani, H. and Pournasseh, M. and Mousavi, A. S.}, title = {Standardization and Validation of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire in the Iranian Population}, abstract ={ AbstractIntroduction: Since interpersonal differences can be assessed using the self-reported personality characteristics, this study aimed to validate and standardize of the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R) in different age groups of an Iranian sample.Method: A sample of 1212 men and women completed EPQ-R in Tehran. Statistical analysis was done to assess internal consistency and material analysis. One to two months later, 101 of the whole sample were randomly selected and retested using the same questionnaire. Moreover, to assess validity, 100 of the respondents were randomly selected and interviewed by two in-dependent psychologists.Results: The test-retest reliability coefficients showed that there is internal consistency for 6 subscales of EPQ-R. Correlations between ratings and scores showed high validity in all subscales. Inter-correlations showed that E is distinct from P there is a weak negative correlation between E and N and a weak correlation between P and N. Factor analysis revealed that A and C are correlated with P, N, and E. Conclusion: EPQ-R is reasonably valid and reliable.       }, Keywords = {Key words: validity, Eyzenck Personality Questionnaire}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {304-311}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-61-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-61-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Fata, L. and Birashk, B. and Atefvahid, M. K. and Dabson, K. S.}, title = {Meaning Assignment Structures/ Schema, Emotional States and Cognitive Processing of Emotional Information: Comparing Two Conceptual Frameworks}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: cognitive theory of schema, associative network theory, triple model of anxiety and depression, anxiety, depression, memory}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {312-326}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Taj, M. and Mokri, A. and Fotohi, A.}, title = {Delay Discounting(DD) in Correlation with Time Perspective in Medical Interns}, abstract ={ AbstractIntroduction: Delay discounting (DD) means prefering small immediate rewards to large delayed rewards. This study was to assess delay discounting and the correlation of our findings with that of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI).Method: In a cross-sectional study, DD and time perspective were investigated in 93 medical interns by means of a computer software and ZTPI. In delay discounting procedure (DDP), sub- jects chose between hypothetical monetary rewards available immediately or delayed 6 hours to 25 years. ZTPI consists of 56 items in five subscales. A nonlinear curve fitting program, t test, Mann-Whitney U Test and Pearson correlation were used for data analysis.Results: Hyperbolic function had good fitness to the results of delay discounting procedure (DDP). On ZTPI, the positive future and positive past subscales showed highest means the lowest mean was of the present fatalistic.  No meaningful correlation was found between DDP and ZTPI. Also, there was no significant difference between male and female participants. Conclusion:The delay discounting procedure based on a hyperbolic model has application for measurement of impulsivity in an Iranian sample. Absence of any meaningful correlation between DDP and ZTPI suggests that probably the tests relate to distinct aspects of impulsivity.}, Keywords = {Key words: impulsivity, delay discounting, temporal discounting, time perspective}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {327-334}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-63-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-63-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Rahmanian, M. and Hasani, J.}, title = {A Comparison of Sensation Seeking in Substance Abusers and Normal Individuals}, abstract ={ AbstractIntroduction: The aim of the present study was to compare sesation seeking in substance ab-users and normal individuals. Method: 30 heroin abusers and 30 opium abusers from the rehabilitation center in Kerman were selected by simple randomized sampling. Also, 30 smokers and 30 normal individuals, matched for age and education to the sample of substance abusers, were selected as the control group. All subjects completed the Zuckerman's sensation seeking scale.  Data analysis was done using des- criptive tests of one-way ANOVA and Tukey follow test.Results: This study indicated that the four groups differed significantly in the overall sensation seeking score, as well as the four dimensions of thrill and adventure seeking, experience seeking, disinhibition and boredom susceptibility.Conclusion: Opium and heroin abusers display higher levels of sensation seeking than non abusers.}, Keywords = {Key words: sensation seeking, substance abuse, personality}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {335-341}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-64-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-64-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Mousavi, F.}, title = {The Relationship between Cigarette Smoking and Smoking by Parents and Friends}, abstract ={Short Scientific Article}, Keywords = {}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {342-345}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Mazhari, Sh.}, title = {Knowledge of General Practitioners in Kerman City (Iran) about Ecstasy}, abstract ={Short Scientific Article}, Keywords = {}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {346-350}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-66-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-66-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Andouz, Z. and Sahebi, A. and Tabatabai, S. M.}, title = {Comparing Efficacy and Effectiveness of ERP and DIRT Methods in Treatment of Compulsive Washing}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: This study was carried out to compare the efficacy of Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT) with Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) method in treatment of compulsive washing. Method: Six females with compulsive washing were selected to take part in a multiple-baseline type single-subject experimental trial, and were divided in 2 groups. Subjects of each group answered to the Maudseley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS) and Subjective United Discomfort Scale (SUD) at three stages of: baseline, fourth, and final sessions. Data were presented in charts. Results: This research indicated that both DIRT and ERP (especially DIRT) were effective in alleviating the symptoms of compulsive washing. Conclusion: DIRT is more effective than ERP for treatment of compulsive washing.}, Keywords = {Key words: obsessive-compulsive disorder, compulsive washing, ERP, DIRT }, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {139-149}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-67-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-67-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Hamidpour, H. and Sahebi, A. and Tabatabai, M.}, title = {Efficacy and Effectiveness of Beck’s with Teasdale’s Cognitive herapies in Treatment of Dysthymia}, abstract ={ Introduction: The aim of this research was to investigate the efficacy of Beck’s cognitive therapy versus Teasdale’s in treatment of dysthymia. Method: Six subjects (two males and four females) were selected by convenient sampling and were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. The methodology was a multiple-baseline experi-�mental single case study. Subjects completed Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and Depression- Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS) at pre-treatment (baseline), treatment (4 and 8 sessions),  post-treat-ment (twelfth session), and at follow-up (two months after treatment). Also, subjects completed the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), and the Internal-External Control Scale (IECS) at pre-treat-ment (baseline) and post-treatment (twelfth session). Results: The results revealed that both Beck’s and Teasdale cognitive therapies were effective in decreasing dysthymic symptoms that was more prominent with the latter method. Conclusion: Teasdale’s cognitive therapy can be more effective than Beck’s in reducing dysthymic symptoms.}, Keywords = {Dysthymia, Beck’s cognitive therapy, Teasdale’s cognitive therapy}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {150-163}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-68-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-68-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Gharaai, B. and Atefvahid, M. K. and Dejkam, M. and Mohammadian, M.}, title = {Identity Status of Adolescents in Tehran}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: identity status, identity styles, adolescents}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {164-175}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Shahim, S.}, title = {Standardization of Social Skills Rating System for Preschool Children}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: social skills, preschool children, standardization, SSRS}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {176-186}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-70-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-70-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Soleimani, M. and SaberiZafarghandi, M. B.}, title = {Epidemiology of Enuresis in 7-11- Year- Old Students in Semnan}, abstract ={ AbstractIntroduction: The present research aimed to determine the epidemiology of enuresis and the related factors in primary school students in the city of Semnan. Method: In this research 1200 students of 7-11 years of age were selected from 26 schools using randomized cluster sampling, and their parents were asked to fill in  the questionnaire of enuresis. Study data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test, t-test, and the chi-square. Results: This study estimated the overall prevalence of enuresis was 15.5% ( 18.4% in boys and 13.1% for girls). The peak age was 8 years of age (25.3%) and the figure decreased at older age. Factors such as socio-economic level, parents’ education and occupation, size of family, breast feed- ing, history of stress in prior 6 months, frequency of voiding, waking disorder and prior year’s school performance were significantly related to enuresis. Of 186 students with enuresis, 30 (16.1%) had diurnal enuresis, 52 (21%) had day wetting, and 3 (1.6%) had encopresis.Conclusion: The prevalence of enuresis in primary school students in Semnan seems higher than the results of other similar studies.}, Keywords = {Key words: enuresis, epidemiology, student, Semnan}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {187-193}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-71-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-71-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Kaviani, H. and Karamghadiri, N. and Ebrahimkhani, N.}, title = {Mood Swings in Different Weathers and During Seasonal Changes in Normal Population}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: mood swings, seasonal mood disorder, weather}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {194-203}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-72-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-72-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Naziry, لGh. and Ghasemzadeh, H. and Atefvahid, M. K. and Bayanzadeh, A.}, title = {Introducing Semantic Differentiation Technique and Its Application in Assessment of Semantic Representation of Depressed Patients}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: semantic differentiation technique, semantic representation, depression, metaphore}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {204-211}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-73-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-73-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Golabadi, M. and Taban, H.}, title = {Is Hypnotherapy Effective in Relapse Rates of Drug Dependence and Reducing Withdrawal Symptoms?}, abstract ={ AbstractIntroduction: This study was performed to assess the effect of hypnotherapy on withdrawal symp- toms and the relapse rates of substance use.Method: In a clinical trial, 22 subjects at the detoxification stage who were eligible for the study were randomly assigned to the case and control groups. Each group similarly took part in the cognitive therapy sessions. Additionally, the case group took five sessions of hypnotherapy. After six months of follow-up, relapse rates of the two groups were compared. Also, in the case group, the effect of autohypnosis on symptoms of withdrawal was evaluated.Results: By the end of the study, there were 40% and 73% relapse in the case and control groups, respectively. Subjective reports on positive effects of autohypnosis was 88% on insomnia, 80% on restlessness, 60% on pain, and 33% on autonomic symptoms.Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, autohypnosis has no significant effect on the relapse rates in opium users, but the effect was clinically prominent.}, Keywords = {Key words: hypnosis, opium addiction, relapse, withdrawals }, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {212-218}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-74-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-74-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {MoosaviNasab, M. and Haghshenas, H. and Ahmadi, A.}, title = {Blood Glucose and Body Mass Index of Patients on Clozapine and Conventional Antipsychotics}, abstract ={ AbstractIntroduction: To evaluate blood glucose and body weight in patients treated with clozapine and conventional antipsychotics.Method: Forty-three patients with schizophrenia (36 males and 7 females) on clozapine were com- pared with 41 patients (33 males and 8 females) treated with conventional antipsychotics, regard-ing their fasting blood glucose (FBS), 2 hours post-prandial glucose (2HPPG) and body mass index (BMI). Data were analyzed using t-test and the chi-sqaure.Results: Of the patients on clozapine, 2 had high FBS, 6 had high 2HPPG, and 5 were diagnosed with diabetes, which was significantly different from the group on conventional antipsychotics. More- over, comparing the BMIs, the patients on clozapine had higher weights than the conventional treatment group. Conclusion: Clozapine may play a role in high blood glucose of some of the patients.}, Keywords = {Key words: clozapine, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus, schizophrenia}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {219-223}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-75-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-75-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Hadianfard, H.}, title = {Subjective Well-Being and Religious Activities in a Group of Muslims}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: subjective well-being, life satisfaction, religious beliefs}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {224-232}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-76-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-76-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Najafi, K.}, title = {The Prevalence of Substance Use among High-school Students in Rasht City (Iran)}, abstract ={Short Scientific Article}, Keywords = {}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {233-236}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-77-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-77-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Fakhari, A.}, title = {Primary Complaints of Depressed Patients}, abstract ={Short Scientific Article}, Keywords = {}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {237-240}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-78-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-78-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Fard, K. and Ehssanmanesh, M.}, title = {Psychiatric Diagnoses among Inpatient Psychiatric Consultations in a General Hospital}, abstract ={ Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for  ordering the psychiatric con- sultation for the inpatients of a teaching general hospital in Tehran, and evaluating the demographic information and type of diagnosis.Method: In 3 years’ time, 300 inpatients (174 females) who were sequentially referred for a psychi- atric consultation from the twelve wards of Hazrat Rasoul Hospital in Tehran, were assessed by a demographic questionnaire and psychiatric interview.Results: About 40% of referred patients aged 18-40 years. Statistical analysis revealed that the inter- nal medicine ward had the highest referral rate (44%). Two most common reasons for referral were general psychiatric assessment (13%) and evaluation of patients’ psychotropic medications usage (11%). The most common diagnoses were mood disorders (24.4%) and coping with an illness (13.7%). Conclusion: Psychiatric problems were common in the different wards of this general hospital.}, Keywords = {Key words: psychiatric disorders, general hospital, psychiatric ward}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {6-14}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-79-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-79-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Shirazi, E. and Tavakkolian, R. and Shahrivar, Z.}, title = {The Effects of Fluoxetine on Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Pilot Study}, abstract ={ Abstract Introduction: This study was aimed to determine the efficacy of fluoxetine in treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. Method: Twenty-two children and adolescents (6-16 years) diagnosed as having ADHD (excluding mental retardation, comorbid disorders, using concomitant medications) based on clinical psychi-atric evaluation, Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA), and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4th Edition (DSM-IV) were enrolled in an open clinical trial in a Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, 2000-2001. Fluoxetine was prescribed 20 mg a day for 7 weeks. The efficacy was assessed before and after treatment by means of three outcome mea- sures: Children Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), Conner's Parent Rating Scale (CPRS), Conners's Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS). The side effects were assessed using a questionnaire.Results: Moderate to robust improvement (improvement >50%) were seen in 65%. Eighty-six percent reported no side effects. Mild to moderate side effects were experienced by 14% which dimi- nished with continuation of the medication.Conclusion: Fluoxetine is well tolerated in children and adolescents and may be an alternative me- dication in ADHD patients who cannot take other medications. �}, Keywords = {Key words: ADHD, clinical trial, fluoxetine, CPRS, CGAS}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {15-23}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-80-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-80-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Khosropoor, M. and Ashkani, H.}, title = {Comparison of Latent Inhibition Mechanisms before and after Drug Therapy in Patients with Schizophrenia}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: latent inhibition, schizophrenia, learning}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {24-30}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-81-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-81-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {AzimiLolati, H. and Danesh, M. M. and Hosseini, S. H. and Khalilian, A. and Zarghami, M.}, title = {Postpartum Depression in Clients at Health Care Centers in Sari}, abstract ={ Abstract Introduction: This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and pertaining contributors of postpartum depression (PD) in clients referring to the Health Care Centers in Sari city, Iran.Method: 422 pregnant women at their third trimester referred to ten antenatal care units from Feb. 2001 to Aug. 2002. Mothers were further followed up 6-8 weeks after childbirth. The data was collec- ted using Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), short form of Spielberger’s State Anxiety Inventory, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and a demographic questionnaire. Results: According to the EPDS the prevalence of PD was 22% (n=92) during 6-8 weeks after de- livery. Also, 30% of the mothers were depressed during the third trimester of pregnancy. Based on the GHQ data analysis, 37% (n=157) and 31% (n=132) of the samples were suspected to have a psychiatric morbidity in the third trimester and 6-8 weeks postpartum, respectively. There was a significant relationship between postpartum depression and stressful life events, family support, baby’s health problems, perceived ability to nurse the baby, and the problems at delivery.Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and psychiatric disorders are higher during pregnancy and decrease postpartum.}, Keywords = {Key words: postpartum depression, state anxiety, mental health}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {31-42}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-82-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-82-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Kaviani, H.}, title = {Autobiographical Memory and Problem-solving Performance in Life-Death Continuum: A Research on the Depressed Patients}, abstract ={ Abstract Introduction: This study aimed to determine the relationship between generality in retrieval from autobiographical memory in depressed patients and functional deficit in problem-solving strategies. Method: This survey analyzed the findings of several previous studies that investigated the subject of retrieval from autobiographical memory and the process of problem-solving among four groups: Healthy (n=20), depressed without suicidal ideation (n=20), depressed with suicidal ideation (n=20), and depressed with suicidal attempt (n=20). In fact, investigating the specific details of the cognitive performance on the continuum of "healthy-depressed-suicidal ideator-suicidal attempter" can reveal a clear picture of the subject.Results: Despite a significant difference between the performance of healthy and suicidal non-ideator groups on one hand, and the performance of suicidal ideator and suicide attempter groups on the other hand, this difference is minimal between the performance of suicidal ideators and suicidal attempters in retrieval from autobiographical memory and problem-solving strategies.Conclusion: Increment in the level of hopelessness is directly associated with overgenerality in retrieval from autobiographical memory in response to desirable word-stimuli.}, Keywords = {Key words: autobiographical memory, problem solving, retrieval from memory, depression, suicide}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {43-51}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-83-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-83-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Haghshenas, H. and AsghariMoghaddam, M. A. and AsadiMoghaddam, A.}, title = {Application of Social Desirability Scale in Association with NEO Test for Personnel Selection}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key word: social desirability, personnel selection, NEOPI-R}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {52-61}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-84-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-84-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {MahmoudAliloo, M. and Atefvahid, M. K. and Bayanzadeh, S. A. and Malakouti, S. K.}, title = {Memory Problems in Checking Type Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder}, abstract ={ Abstract Introduction: The objective of this research was to determine memory problems (episodic memory, memory bias and memory confidence) in checking type obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Method: Sixty individuals with OCD (30 checking and 30 washing types) were selected, together with 60 control individuals (30 with generalized anxiety disorder and 30 normal). The groups matched the checking OCD group in demographic features and were assessed for obsession and compul-sion by the Maudsly Obsessive – Compulsive  Inventory (MOCI) and diagnostic interview. Memory was assessed by two computer-based word lists (recalling list and recognition/confidence list). Results: This study revealed no difference in the amount of recalling words among the groups. Checking OCD, washing OCD and generalized anxiety groups showed memory bias in recalling danger associated words. The checkers had significantly less memory confidence than any other groups. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings were also considered.Conclusion: The memory problem in the checking type OCD could be described in the frame-work of psychological theories, particularly, with a cognitive-behavioral approach.}, Keywords = {Key word: obsessive–compulsive disorder, memory, cognitive-behavioral, checking}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {62-70}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-85-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-85-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Hosseinifard, S. M. and Birashk, B. and Atefvahid, M. K.}, title = {Epidemiology of Mental Disorders in High-School Students in Rafsanjan}, abstract ={ Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of mental disorders among high school students in the city of Rafsanjan in the academic year 2001-2002, and to assess the re- lated demographic factors.Method: 830 students were selected through multistage cluster sampling and their mental health status was assessed by SCL-90-R and for suspicious cases of psychiatric disorders, the symptoms were recorded by a psychiatrist in a questionnaire according to DSM-IV. To determine the cut off point, 120 students (3 clusters, 40 students each) were evaluated and interviewed by a psychiatrist.  Regarding the cut off point of 63, 176 students scored above the cut off point 17 were healthy according to clinical interview and 21 students dropped out regardless of several follow-ups. Thus, finally 138 students were interviewed and diagnosed by a psychiatrist. Results: The overall prevalence of mental disorders was 16.6% (females 21.6%, males 10.6%). The most common mental disorders were anxiety and mood disorders (8.4% and 4.1%, respectively).  Conclusion: Mental disorders were common among high school students in Rafsanjan and there was a significant correlation between the prevalence of mental disorders and some demographic variables such as gender, family history of mental disorders, family history of divorce and drug abuse and type of residence.}, Keywords = {Key words: prevalence, mental disorder, student, Rafsanjan}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {71-80}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-86-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-86-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Pourdehghan, M. and Danesh, A. and Esmaili, H.}, title = {Job Strain and Blood Pressure in Nurses during Work Shifts}, abstract ={ Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of job strain intensity on blood pressure (BP) during nurses' work shifts in the hospitals of Mashad University of Medical Sciences.Method: For this descriptive cross-sectional study,150 nurses who met the inclusion criteria were chosen by cluster sampling. A questionnaire was used to gather the data including personal charac- teristics, height, weight and intensity of job strain. Blood pressure was measured three times: in the beginning, middle and the end of the work shift.Results: Women constituted 79% of the participants, and 80% were married . Eighty-nine percent of nurses had a Bachelor’s Degree, and 31% had BMI>25. There was a significant relationship between job strain and age, marital status and the hospital unit where they worked.  The results imply the significant effect of job strain on the difference in first-second, and second-third systolic BP, but not on differences between diastolic BPs. General linear models indicate a significant relationship between working in emergency unit and first-second systolic BP variations. Marriage and divorce have significant relationship with the first-third systolic BP variations.Conclusion: In this study job strain had a significant effect on nurses’ systolic BP at shift work.}, Keywords = {Key words: job strain, blood pressure, nurses, stress }, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {81-88}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-87-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-87-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Sharify, T. and MehrabizadehHonarmand, M. and Shokrkon, H.}, title = {Religious Attitude and General Health and Patience in Students of Ahvaz Islamic Azad University}, abstract ={ Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between religious attitude with general health and patience in university students. Method: This descriptive study involved 400 B.A. students at Ahvaz Islamic Azad University in the academic year of 2001-2002. The participants were selected by simple random sampling. The subjects filled out the Questionnaire of Religiosity Assessment, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Patience Questionnaire. Pearson correlation and multiple correlation coefficients were used for the data analysis.     Results: The results showed that the religious attitude had a negative correlation with disturbance of general health and a positive correlation with patience.  Regression analysis showed that among the four different aspects of religiosity, faithfulness and ceremonial aspects were best predicators for general health and the ceremonial aspect was the best predicator for patience.Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between religious attitude and general health and patience.}, Keywords = {Key words: religious attitude, general health, patience}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {89-99}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-88-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-88-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {yadegar, farib}, title = {}, abstract ={ Short Scientific Article}, Keywords = {}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {100-102}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} }