<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology</title>
<title_fa>مجله روانپزشكي و روانشناسي باليني ايران</title_fa>
<short_title>IJPCP</short_title>
<subject>Medical Sciences</subject>
<web_url>http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>18</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>journal18</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>1735-4315</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>2228-7515</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi>10.32598/ijpcp</journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
<language>fa</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1387</year>
	<month>8</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2008</year>
	<month>11</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>14</volume>
<number>3</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>fa</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa>ساخت و بررسی کارآیی پنج آزمون تصویری ارزیابی ولع‌ مصرف در معتادان مواد افیونی </title_fa>
	<title>Designing and Evaluation of Reliability and Validity of Five Visual Cue-induced Craving Tasks for Different Groups of Opiate Abusers</title>
	<subject_fa>روانپزشکی و روانشناسی</subject_fa>
	<subject>Psychiatry and Psychology</subject>
	<content_type_fa>پژوهشي اصيل</content_type_fa>
	<content_type>Original Research</content_type>
	<abstract_fa>&lt;p class=&quot;a&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt LINE-HEIGHT: 14.2pt mso-line-height-rule: exactly&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-STYLE: normal FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-ansi-font-weight: normal mso-ansi-font-style: italic&quot;&gt;هدف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-STYLE: normal FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-ansi-font-weight: normal mso-ansi-font-style: italic&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;هدف این بررسی، تهیه آزمون تصویری بررسی ولع ‌مصرف در معتادان مواد افیونی با به‌کارگیری شاخص‌های تصویری ایجاد‌کننده ولع مصرف بود. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-STYLE: normal FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-ansi-font-weight: normal mso-ansi-font-style: italic&quot;&gt;روش&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-STYLE: normal FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-ansi-font-weight: normal mso-ansi-font-style: italic&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt; 175معتاد به مواد افیونی در پنج گروه (تزریق هرویین، کشیدن هرویین، استنشاق هرویین، کشیدن و خوردن تریاک و کشیدن کراک)، که طی 11 ماه در سال‌های 1385 و 1386 به مرکز ملی مطالعات اعتیاد ایران مراجعه کرده بودند، در این بررسی شرکت کردند. تهیه آزمون در مراحل زیر انجام شد: استخراج نشانه‌های تصویری ایجاد‌کننده ولع در جلسات تبادل افکار متخصصان و معتادان، دسته‌بندی و تهیه تصاویر تأثیرگذار از لیست نشانه‌ها، رتبه‌بندی شدت ولع ایجاد شده با تصاویر توسط معتادان، دسته‌بندی و چینش نهایی، تهیه آزمون تصویری ارزیابی ولع مصرف کامپیوتری در گروه‌های مختلف معتادان مواد افیونی در پنج گروه، تعیین امتیاز ولع مصرف در معتادان مواد افیونی و بررسی میزان اعتمادپذیری آزمون‌ها در ایجاد ولع مصرف. همه آزمودنی‌ها به پرسش‌نامه ویژگی‌های جمعیت‌شناختی، چک‌لیست علایم محرومیت و مسمومیت مواد، پرسش‌نامه افسردگی بک، آزمون ریون &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;و شاخص شدت اعتیاد پاسخ دادند. داده‌ها به‌کمک روش‌های آمار توصیفی و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون تحلیل شدند. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-STYLE: normal FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-ansi-font-weight: normal mso-ansi-font-style: italic&quot;&gt;یافته‌ها&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-STYLE: normal FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-ansi-font-weight: normal mso-ansi-font-style: italic&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt; میانگین&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;نمرات&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;ولع مصرف القاشده به‌وسیله آزمون‌ها&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;در&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;گروه&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;آزمودنی‌های&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;مصرف‌کننده کشیدنی کراک&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;مصرف‌کننده &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;تزریقی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;هرویین&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;به میزان&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;معنی‌داری&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;بالاتر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;از&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;ولع مصرف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;در&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;دو&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;گروه&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;مصرف‌کنندگان&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;تریاک&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;بود (21/12=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;F&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;، 001/0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;p&lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;. آزمون تعقیبی توکی تفاوت میانگین نمرات ولع مصرف را در مصرف‌کنندگان هرویین با تریاک (89/27=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;I-J&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;، 001/0&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;p&lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;و در مصرف‌کنندگان کراک و تریاک (89/27=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;I-J&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; ، 001/0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;p&lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) معنی‌دار نشان داد. &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;بررسی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;میزان پایایی نتایج&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;به‌دست&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;آمده&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;در&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;آزمون‌های&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;ولع مصرف&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;به‌وسیله&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;دو&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;روش&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;آلفای&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;کرونباخ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;و&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;دونیمه‌سازی،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;نشانگر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;پایایی خوب آزمون در بیشتر آزمون‌ها&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;(به‌جز مواردی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;از&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;آزمون‌های&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;تریاک) بود. میزان ولع مصرف با سن (26/0- =&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;، 001/0&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;p&lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;و طول دوره سوءمصرف مواد ارتباط منفی (23/0- =&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; ، 01/0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;p&lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;و با نمره ترکیبی مشکلات خانوادگی شدت اعتیاد ارتباط معنی‌دار داشت ( 18/0=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; ، 05/0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;p&lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-bidi-language: FA&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-STYLE: normal FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-ansi-font-weight: normal mso-ansi-font-style: italic&quot;&gt;نتیجه‌گیری&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-STYLE: normal FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt mso-ansi-font-weight: normal mso-ansi-font-style: italic&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal FONT-SIZE: 8pt FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt; با تهیه آزمون ارزیابی ولع مصرف در گروه‌های مختلف معتادان مواد افیونی، که از اعتبار و پایایی مناسبی برخوردار باشد، می‌توان به شناسایی بیشتر ویژگی‌های این پدیده به‌کمک روش‌هایی چون تصویربرداری عملکردی مغز و ارزیابی پیش از دوره‌های درمانی و پس از آن و تعیین میزان موفقیت پروتکل‌های درمانی در کاهش ولع مصرف یاری رساند. هم‌چنین با این روش می‌توان رابطه پدیده ولع مصرف با سایر ویژگی‌های بیماری اعتیاد را بررسی کرد.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;TEXT-JUSTIFY: kashida MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt DIRECTION: ltr LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt unicode-bidi: embed TEXT-ALIGN: justify TEXT-KASHIDA: 0% mso-line-height-rule: exactly&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Lotus'&quot;&gt;Objectives&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Lotus'&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Lotus'&quot;&gt; The aim of this study was to provide a visual task for the evaluation of craving in opiate abusers, by implementing visual cues inducing craving. &lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Method&lt;/u&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; 175 opiate abusers who had presented to the &lt;placename w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;National&lt;/placename&gt; &lt;placetype w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Center&lt;/placetype&gt; for Addiction Studies in &lt;country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Iran&lt;/place&gt;&lt;/country-region&gt; in eleven months of the &lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt&quot;&gt;years 1385 and 1386 participated in the study. The &lt;/span&gt;subjects were divided into five groups (heroin injecting, &lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.1pt&quot;&gt;heroin sniffing, heroin smoking, crystalline heroin (locally&lt;/span&gt; known as crack) smoking, and opium ingestion/smoking). The test was developed in the &lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt&quot;&gt;following order: identifying visual cues which could induce&lt;/span&gt; craving in interactive &lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt&quot;&gt;meetings between professionals and opiate abusers, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt&quot;&gt;categorization and providing&lt;/span&gt; the effective &lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt&quot;&gt;pictures from the list of cues, rating the severity of craving&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt&quot;&gt;induced through the pictures by addicts, final categorization&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt&quot;&gt;and setting, providing the computerized visual cue-induced&lt;/span&gt; tasks in &lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt&quot;&gt;different groups, determining the scores of opiate induction&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.3pt&quot;&gt;and evaluating the reliability of the tasks in craving induction.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.3pt&quot;&gt;All subjects completed demographic questionnaires, Addiction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: 0.3pt&quot;&gt; Severity Index (ASI), Beck &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.3pt&quot;&gt;Depression Inventory, Agonist Effect Symptoms Checklist,&lt;/span&gt; Opiate Withdrawal &lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.3pt&quot;&gt;Symptoms Checklist, and Raven IQ Test. Data were analyzed&lt;/span&gt; using descriptive statistic methods and Pearson’s &lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt&quot;&gt;correlation coefficient. &lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Results&lt;/u&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; The mean score of induced&lt;/span&gt; craving was significantly &lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt&quot;&gt;higher in crack smokers and heroin injectors in comparison&lt;/span&gt; with opium abuser groups (F=12.21, p&lt;0.001). Tukey test &lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt&quot;&gt;showed significant difference between drug craving scores&lt;/span&gt; in heroin and opium abusers (I-J=27.89, p&lt;0.001) and also between crack smokers and opium abusers (I-J=27.89, p&lt;0.001). The evaluation of the &lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt&quot;&gt;reliability of results in craving induction tasks by Cronbach’s&lt;/span&gt; alpha and split-half reliability, showed a good reliability in most tasks (except for some cues in opium tasks). Craving was negatively correlated with age (r= -0.26, p&lt;0.001), abusing duration (r= -0.23, p&lt;0.001) and positively with family problems in ASI (r=0.18, p&lt;0.05). &lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt&quot;&gt;Conclusion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt&quot;&gt; Providing a task for the evaluation of craving&lt;/span&gt; induction in different groups of &lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt&quot;&gt;opiate abusers, with an appropriate validity and reliability,&lt;/span&gt; can help to a better understanding about &lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: 0.4pt&quot;&gt;the dimensions of drug craving through &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt&quot;&gt;neuroimaging studies,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;LETTER-SPACING: -0.2pt&quot;&gt;pre-and post-treatment evaluations, and assessing different&lt;/span&gt; treatment protocol effects on the craving control. Also, this method can be used to assess the relationship of craving to other features of addiction.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
	<keyword_fa>ولع مصرف مواد؛ مواد افیونی؛ آزمون تصویری ارزیابی ولع مصرف</keyword_fa>
	<keyword>craving; opiate; visual cue-induced craving task</keyword>
	<start_page>337</start_page>
	<end_page>349</end_page>
	<web_url>http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-313&amp;slc_lang=fa&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>Hamed </first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Ekhtiari</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>حامد</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>اختیاری</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>E-mail: h.ekhtiari@gmail.com</email>
	<code>180031947532846002347</code>
	<orcid>180031947532846002347</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Hanie </first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Edalati </last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>هانیه</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>عدالتی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>180031947532846002348</code>
	<orcid>180031947532846002348</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Arian </first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Behzadi </last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>آرین</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>بهزادی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>180031947532846002349</code>
	<orcid>180031947532846002349</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Hooman </first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Safaei </last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>هومن</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>صفایی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>180031947532846002350</code>
	<orcid>180031947532846002350</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Mehri </first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Noori </last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>مهری</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>نوری</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>180031947532846002351</code>
	<orcid>180031947532846002351</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Azarakhsh </first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Mokri </last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>آذرخش</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>مکری</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>180031947532846002352</code>
	<orcid>180031947532846002352</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation></affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
