Showing 19 results for Sp
Vahid Shariat, Mozhgan Taban,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (2-2010)
Abstract
Letter to the Editor
Mohammad Kazem Atef Vahid, Shahrbanoo Ghahari , Elham Zareidoost , Jafar Bolhari , Eisa Karimi-Kismi,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (2-2011)
Abstract
Objectives: The main objective of this research was to assess the roles of demographic and mental health variables as predictive variables of abuse among in-dividuals referred to police stations and family courts. Method: 450 individuals were selected through stratified convenience sampling from 49 police stations and the family court in the city of Tehran. The subjects were administered a demographics questionnaire, Spouse abuse questionnaire, and the Symptom Checklist -90- Revised (SCL-90-R). The data were analyzed through multivariate regression analysis and regression variance analysis. Results: The results revealed that the variables like pregnancy, low age and education, high number of children, addiction, spouse unemployment, and psychiatric problems could be considered as predictive variables for experience of various types of abuse (physical, sexual, and emotional), (P<0.01). In addition, pregnancy, low age and education, wife's unemployment, and high number of children, are predictive variables for severe spouse abuse. Conclusion: Identifying effective factors leading to spouse abuse can be helpful to develop purposeful programs for reducing and preventing spouse abuse.
Alireza Mohseni Ezhiyeh , Ahmad Abedi, Nasrin Behnamnejad,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (8-2015)
Abstract
Objectives: The present study has been performed with the aim of designing and evaluating the psychometric properties of Autism Spectrum Disorders Diagnosis Scale (ASDDS). Method: This study is an instrumental and validity evaluation. The statistical community of the research consisted of all children with autism spectrum who live in Isfahan. Among them, 100 patients were selected by method of convenient sampling, and also their mothers or trainers were asked for responding the scales of study. The tools of data gathering included demographic information and a researcher-made scale named Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis Scale (ASDDS) according to reversion of DSM-5. Also, Giliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS) and Children Autism Rating Scale (CARS) were used for evaluating the concurrent validity. Results: The results of the psychometrics of the scale indicated appropriate content, convergent and diagnostic validity, and internal consistency as well as the scale stability over the time. The correlation coefficient between sub-scales showed very high correlation between the sub-scales. The results obtained from the confirmatory factorial analysis indicated that the DSM-5 model is appropriate for scale. In addition, the general reliability of the scale by using of Cronbach's alpha was 0.88. Conclusion: the results demonstrated that Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis Scale (ASDDS) is a suitable tool for diagnosing autism spectrum disorders based on DSM-5 in children and adolescents.
Hassan Mirzahosseini, Saeed Pourabdol, Nasser Sobhi Gharamaleki, Shahzad Saravani,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (11-2016)
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this research was to study the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy in decreasing cognitive avoidance among students with Specific Learning Disorder.
Methods This was an experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and a control group. The research population included 40 5th-grade male students suffering from Specific Learning Disorder in Ardabil in 2015. The research sample was selected using multi-step cluster sampling and random assignment classified into two groups: experimental group (n=20) and control group (n=20). The following tools were used for data collection: Kay Math Mathematic Test, Raven Intelligence Test, Reading Test of Shafiei et al., Falahchay Writing Expression, Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire, and Diagnostic Interview Based on DSM-5. The data were analyzed by multivariate of covariance analysis (MANCOVA) model.
Results The results revealed that the acceptance and therapy was effective in decreasing cognitive avoidance in students suffering from Specific Learning Disorder (P<0.001). In other words, acceptance and commitment therapy help the people to be aware of their negative emotions and accept them to reduce cognitive avoidance.
Conclusion The results of this research showed that since acceptance and commitment therapy can have a significant impact on the acceptance of emotions and confrontation with them, this treatment can play an eminent role in decreasing cognitive avoidance in such students.
Bita Dasarband, Leili Panaghi, Fereshte Mootabi,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (5-2017)
Abstract
Objectives Spouse abuse against women is the most prevalent type of family violence, and its harmful consequences threaten both women’s health and their well-being in family and society. It is very important to find the factors that eliminate these deleterious effects and protect women’s health. The aim of this study was to explore the moderator effect of personality characteristics in the relationship between spouse abuse and symptoms of depression among women.
Methods For this purpose, 300 married women were provided with questionnaires measuring spouse abuse, depression symptoms (Beck depression inventory) and personality characteristics (NEO-FFI).
Results According to the results, depressive symptoms in women were correlated with spouse abuse. Agreeableness was found to serve as a moderator between spouse abuse and depressive symptoms.
Conclusion From these findings, one can conclude that women who experience spouse abuse suffer from depressive symptoms. The battered women who were more agreeable experience less depressive symptoms.
Nadereh Memaryan,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (5-2017)
Abstract
Spirituality is the sublime aspect of human existence bestowed on all humans to traverse the path of transcendence which is closest to God. Despite many studies in this field, no evidence supports their contribution in treatment and care programs of the mental health system. Simple trainings in the” spirituality and health” can certainly affect our mental health services.
Jafar Bolhari, Tina Amiri, Isa Karimi Keisomi, Masoome Mohseni Kabir,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (8-2018)
Abstract
Objectives This study was undertaken with the aim of delivering/implementing safety promotion and domestic violence prevention advocacy program in organizations, institutions and also individuals’ coverage by West Tehran Health Center.
Methods This study is an action/operational research and a pilot study undertaken with both quantitative and qualitative research method approach. It is a community-based intervention and Health System Research (HSR). The samples of the pilot study were selected from the key stakeholders including relevant institutions or organizations and their staffs working on domestic violence prevention, together with domestic violence affected married women (victims) in neighborhood were 9 from Tehran. Instruments applied in this study included monitoring and evaluation questionnaire, interview, observation, amount of distribution of educational resources, written documents, meeting reports and staff reports.
Results Most of the stakeholders/institutions and organizations supported and have effective collaboration in implementation of safety promotion and domestic violence prevention advocacy program. Other key findings of this study are as follows: Failure in achieving many individual and organizational responsibilities; discontinuing support/helping to battered women; bureaucratic barriers and inefficiency of some organizations; and lack of program/action plan, budget and planning for domestic violence prevention in all organizations except West Tehran Health Center which is supported by Ministry of Health.
Conclusion Advocacy program offered in draft of national policy on safety and domestic violence prevention, is acceptable, based on evidence, and is functional in this urban area. However, this study recommends that there is a highly critical need for a strategic decision making and planning at national level considering sufficient administrative authority and budget for supporting victims of domestic violence.
Majid Mahmood Aliloo, Abbas Bakhshipour, Bahman Matinpour,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (8-2018)
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the role of spontaneous or deliberate mind-wandering and dispositional mindfulness in predicting the obsession symptoms in college students.
Methods In a descriptive, correlated and tentative research, 391 students of Tabriz University were chosen and included in the inquiry via the available sampling method. The data were gathered using the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), Mind Wandering Spontaneous (MW-S), Mind Wandering Deliberate (MW-D) self-report scales and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Pearson correlation-coefficient method and multiple regression were used to analyze the data simultaneously.
Results Correlation results showed that the deliberate mind wandering (r=0.19, P=0.05) and spontaneous mind wandering (r=0.64, P=0.01) have positive and direct relationship with obsession symptoms, while the components of mindfulness, the components of observation (r=0.11, P=0.05 ،acting with awareness (r=-0.41, P=0.01), disrespect to inner experience(r=-0.50, P=0.01) and lack of reaction to inner experience(r=-0.61, P=0.01) have a negative and reverse relationship with obsession. The results from the concurrent regression analysis shows that from mind wandering components only spontaneous mind wandering variable (P<0.01, β=0.51)and from mindfulness components, only act with awareness, non-judgmental orientation to one’s present experience and non-reactive orientation to one’s present experience(β=-0.20, β=-0.22, β=-0.41)can predict obsession symptoms.
Conclusion The findings of this research emphasized the role of spontaneous mind wandering and components of acting with awareness, non-judgmental orientation to one’s present experience and non-reactive orientation to one’s present experience in predicting obsession symptoms in the college students. These findings will be beneficial in explaining obsession symptoms and their etiology in the college students.
Gholamreza Rajabi, Zahra Zolmajd,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (8-2018)
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the current research was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Family Empowerment Scale in families with children suffering from hyperactivity/attention deficit, autism spectrum and specific learning disorders.
Methods A total of 210 parents of exceptional children with the training settings from educational region 1 and 2 in Ahvaz city were selected using based-purpose and voluntary sampling method and responded to the Family Empowerment and Marital Satisfaction scales. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and statistical software SPSS-21.
Results The findings revealed that the scale consisted of three factors - empowerment with respect to family system, service system and social/politics system. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients obtained 0.94 for the whole scale and ranged from 0.91 to 0.93 for the three factors, test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.86 and showed the convergent validity coefficient of 0.31 (P<0.001) between the current scale and the Marital Satisfaction Scale.
Conclusion According to the results from this scale it can be used as an appropriate tool for measuring the ability of the parents to give services to their children with hyperactivity/attention deficit, autism spectrum and specific learning in exceptional rehabilitation settings and for identifying and explaining antecedents and consequences of this type of disorders.
Shahrbanoo Ghahari, Noushin Khademolreza,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (2-2019)
Abstract
Spousal abuse is a significant social problem. Spousal abuse includes four types of violent behavior that occur between two people in an intimate relationship: physical abuse; sexual abuse; and emotional abuse. Spousal abuse as a social and health problem is accompanied with numerous negative physical and psychological outcomes. Such problems require prevention, thus many countries such as Iran have designed preventive intervention programs.
Jafar Bolhari, Masoomeh Mohsenikabir,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (8-2019)
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this project is to develop a syllabus and educational package of spiritual skills for students that can be taught to students by integrating with life skills training courses for spiritual health promotion by mentors and psychologists and counselors.
Methods First, the design of a curriculum and educational content with a review of resources and research on life skills, spirituality in health and religious and Islamic resources, spiritual dimensions of human, holistic and systematic approaches to human beings; also consoling and psychotherapy with a spiritual-religious approach for literature review and analysis, and educational curriculum development method. Then a list of educational objectives and syllabuses was set up. In order to assess educational needs and confirm the goals and prioritize the educational issues, these findings were put into expert counsellors’ discussions, clinical psychologists, and field experts in the field of student counseling. Finally opinion polls, curriculum and package of education in several national educational workshops were evaluated and finalized for publication.
Results 8 spiritual skills were developed and validated from many skills. Also training subjects, aims and skills was written in a students and trainers packages. In final faze acceptability and validity as well as relation to be culture bound of finding were find by group meeting of personnel of different universities counseling centers This curriculum and educational package could be presented as the first educational model in the field of spiritual skills for the development of spiritual health and counseling.
Conclusion This curriculum and educational package was prepared on the basis of the needs and opinion
polls of the students of the country’s counseling centers and could be presented as the first educational model in the field of spiritual skills for the development of spiritual health and further study on its promotionto the community.
Niloufar Dirmanchi, Mohammad Saeed Khanjani,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (8-2019)
Abstract
Objectives The current causal-comparative study aimed at comparing resiliency and self-efficacy between athletes and non-athletes with disabilities caused by Spinal Cord Injury (SCI).
Methods Using simple random sampling method, 32 subjects were enrolled in each group. Data were collected using the Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale and the Sherer general self-efficacy questionnaire.
Results The findings of the study showed that athletes with disabilities had more resilience than their non-athlete counterparts (P=0.006). However, considering the score of 50 as the appropriate resiliency threshold, there was no significant difference in resilience between the two groups, and the total self-efficacy score, with mode of 65, was higher in the athletes than non-athletes (P=0.001). Also, the findings of the study showed a significant relationship between resilience and self-efficacy, and doing exercise. And sports can be suggested as a way to promote resilience and self-efficacy in people with SCI.
Conclusion According to the findings of the present study, there is a significant relationship between resilience and self-efficacy, and doing exercise. Exercise is likely to be a way to promote resilience and self-efficacy in people with SCI.
Mitra Hakim Shooshtari, Hadi Zarafshan, Mehrdad Mohamadian, Jamileh Zareee, Issa Karimi Keisomi, Helia Hooshangi,
Volume 25, Issue 4 (1-2020)
Abstract
Objectives: Early interventions can play an important role in alleviating or eliminating many of the major symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and enhancing new skills. Parental education can reduce the parents' depression and stress and increase their empowerment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a parental education program the mental health of parents, behavioral problems of their children with ASD.
Methods: A group of 30 parents of children with ASD in Tehran, Iran were selected by a convenience sampling and were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The parents in the intervention group received psychoeducational program according to Tonge et al.'s (2006) method in 10 sessions each for 90 min in Tehran Psychiatric Institute. Data collection tools were the Family Assessment Device, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Billings and Mouse's Coping Strategies Scale, and 28-item General Health Questionnaire. All participants were evaluated at three stages of pretest, posttest, and 3-month follow-up.
Results: The effect of parental education program on the clinical symptoms and its dimensions was significant at three measurement phases. In the 3-month follow-up duration, the results remained unchanged. There were a significant difference between the two study groups in general health, family function, coping strategies, and child behavior (F=4.859, P=0.023).
Conclusion: Parental education can improve the mental health of parents and reduce the behavioral problems of their ASD children.
Mahdiyeh Salehi, Masoud Ahmadzad Asl, Ruhallah Seddigh, Vahid Rashedi, Mostafa Almasi ِdooghaee, Leila Kamalzadeh, Behnam Shariati,
Volume 26, Issue 1 (4-2020)
Abstract
Objectives: Dementia is a common disease in the elderly and imposes a heavy care burden on family members. Many factors can be associated with care burden. One of these factors can be the caregivers’ Spiritual Well-Being (SWB). This study aimed to examine the relationship between SWB and care burden in caregivers of dementia patients.
Methods: This correlational study was conducted on 60 caregivers (75% female and 25% male with a mean age of 47 years) of patients with dementia referred to Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital and Brain & Cognitive Clinics in Tehran, Iran in 2019. Samples were selected using purposive and convenience sampling methods. The caregivers were evaluated by using the Caregiver Burden Questionnaire and SWB Scale and a socio-demographic checklist. Data were analyzed by using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis in SPSS software at the significance level of P<0.05.
Results: About 16.7% of caregivers had little care burden, 35% had moderate to severe burden, 25% moderate burden and 23.3% severe burden. Moreover, 1.7% had poor SWB, 66.7% moderate SWB and 31.7% high SWB. The care burden had a negative and non-significant relationship with religious dimension of SWB (r=-0.089, P=0.505), and a negative and significant relationship with existential dimension of SWB (r=-0.283, P=0.032). Linear regression model revealed that existential dimension had a relationship with care burden (β=-0.298, P=0.023) and explained 9% of variation in care burden.
Conclusion: SWB plays an important role in improving the overall health of caregivers. in addition to being one of determinant of care burden, it acts as a factor in enhancing other aspects of health. Overall, caregiving is a stressful job; being aware of positive topics such as spirituality helps therapists provide strategies for caregivers to reduce their stress and care burden.
Ali Zade-Mohammadi, Hamid Kordestanchi Aslani,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (3-2021)
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship of early maladaptive schemas with spouse abuse.
Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 324 married adults (226 females, 98 males) living in Tehran, Iran in 2017 were selected using a convenience sampling technique. They completed the revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-2), the Young Scale Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) in AMOS software.
Results: The results of SEM showed a direct significant path from early maladaptive schemas to cognitive emotional regulation, and from cognitive emotional regulation to spouse abuse. There were also significant indirect paths from the first, second, and third domains of early maladaptive schemas to spouse abuse mediated by negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies with a path coefficients of 0.13, 0.16, and 0.13, respectively. The final structural model was a good-fitting model (X2/dF=1.595, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.045, Comparative Fit Index =0.953).
Conclusion: The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and spouse abuse is not linear; it is mediated by cognitive emotion regulation.
Mahmood Shamshiri, Behzad Eskandar Oghli, Maryam Vafaee, Behnam Molaei,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (3-2021)
Abstract
Objectives: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is one of the most common causes of disability worlwide. Perception of coping strategies is important in these patients. This study aims to investigate the coping strategies in patients with SCI.
Methods: This is a hermeneutic phenomenological study using van Mann’s approach. participants werre 15 adults (4 females, 11 males) with SCI living in Ardail, Iran who were recruited using a purposive sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Interviews were recoreded and then transcribed and finally analyzed by using the thematic analysis approach proposed by van Mann.
Results: The lived experiences related to coping strategies in patients were summarized in six main themes including acceptence of the incurability, desire for being independent, praying for divine help, patience & persuasion, time as a coping factor, and marriage.
Conclusion: Patients with SCI use their own strategies to cope with their disability. Therefore, it is necessary for clinicians and psychiatrists to strengthen their coping strategies to help them better adapt to their injury.
Mohammad Arzanlou, Alireza Armanikian, Omid Saed, Faramarz Dobakhti, Nima Motamed, Akefeh Ahmadiafshar,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (4-2021)
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to investigate niacin sensitivity in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy people and examine the accuracy of niacin skin flush test in diagnosing schizophrenia.
Methods: This diagnostic study was conducted in 2018 in Zanjan, Iran. Three niacin concentrations (0.001 M, 0.01 M, and 0.1 M) was first applied topically to the skin of 36 schizophrenia patients and 33 healthy controls. Flush responses were evaluated at 10 and 15 min after application. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of the test were measured for each niacin concentration and evaluation time.
Results: At 10 min, the highest test accuracy was reported when 0.001 M niacin solution was used (Sensitivity=94%, specificity=50%, PPV= 51%, and NPV= 94%). At 15 min, the highest test accuracy was observed at 0.01 concentration (Sensitivity=52%, specificity=92%, PPV=79%, and NPV=77%).
Conclusion: Flush responses to niacin is more impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, niacin can be considered as a biological marker of schizophrenia and can be used for its diagnosis.
Marzieh Etemadnia, Shohreh Shiroodi, Javad Khalatbari, Shahnam Abolghasemi,
Volume 27, Issue 3 (12-2021)
Abstract
Objectives: Love Trauma Syndrome (LTC) is common among college students which can lead to psychological and educational problems. The current study aims to assess the role of personality traits, early maladaptive schemas and spiritual health in predicting LTC in college students.
Methods: This is a descriptive/correlational study. Participants were 500 students of universities in Tehran, Iran suffering from LTC who were selected using a cluster random sampling method. They completed the Love Trauma Inventory, HEXACO Personality Inventory, Young Schema Questionnaire- Short Form, and Spirituality Index of Well-Being. Data analysis was performed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in LISREL software.
Results: The SEM results showed the good fit of the study model (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation= 0.043). Personality traits, early maladaptive schemes, and spiritual health could predict LTC. Extraversion, emotionality, honesty-humility, self-sacrifice, abandonment, and life schema were the strongest predictors.
Conclusion: Personality traits, early maladaptive schemes, and spiritual health can predict LTC.
Dr Mohammad Ali Ameri, Dr Hamid Reza Saadat Azhar, Dr Mohammad Mehradsadr, Dr Hosein Rostami,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (7-2024)
Abstract
Objectives Various factors can have a role in predicting police forces’ mental and spiritual health. This study aims to assess whether the general health and spiritual well-being of police forces in Iran can be predicted by metacognitive beliefs with the mediation of cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies.
Methods This is descriptive/correlational study using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population includes all the employees of the Tehran Police Commands in 2023. Participants were 294 employees of the police headquarters in Tehran, Iran, in 2023, who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Spiritual well-being scale (SWBS), general health questionnaire (GHQ), metacognition questionnaire (MCQ), and cognitive emotion regulation strategies questionnaire (CERQ) were used to collect data. SPSS v.22 and Amos v.24 were used for data analysis.
Results Based on the fit indices, the fit of the initial SEM model was not acceptable (RMSEA=0.07, CFI=0.88, GFI=0.87), because the path between metacognitive beliefs and spiritual well-being was not significant (P>0.05). After removing this path, the model’s fit was acceptable (RMSEA=0.06, CFI=0.90, GFI=0.91). The direct and indirect paths between metacognitive beliefs and general health were significant (P<0.01). Also, the indirect path between metacognitive beliefs and spiritual well-being through CER strategies was significant (P<0.01).
Conclusion The metacognitive beliefs in Iranian police forces can significantly predict their general health and spiritual well-being directly or indirectly through CER strategies.
