Showing 7 results for Impulsivity
Dr. Hamed Ekhtiari , Dr. Hooman Safaei , Dr. Gholamreza Esmaeeli Djavid , Dr. Mohammad Kazem Atefvahid , Hanie Edalati , Dr. Azarakhsh Mokri,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (11-2008)
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to assess the validity and reliability of Persian versions of Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-II), Dickman Impulsivity Inventory (DII-2), Eysenck Impulsivity Questionnaire (EIQ-7) and Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS-5) by administering them to normal subjects and opiate abusers. Method: The Persian versions of BIS, DII, EIQ and SSS, were completed by a group of normal individuals (39 subjects) and opiate abusers (30 subjects). Reliability was assessed using internal consistency. Validity was checked using two methods: inter-scale correlation and known-groups comparison. Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficients in all questionnaires and in both groups ranged from 0.40 to 0.83. Except for “Boredom susceptibility” factor of SSS (0.22), the subgroups of questionnaires in BIS showed significant correlation (r=0.4). There was a significant correlation between impulsivity factors in other questionnaires and BIS results. BIS scores and impulsivity factors of other questionnaires in the substance abuser group was significantly (p<0.001) higher in comparison with normal subjects, but there were no differences regarding high risk and venturesome behavior indices. Also, substance abuse was an important factor in determining BIS scores as well as impulsivity factors in other questionnaires. Age, gender, and education have roles in determining this score as well. Conclusion: The Persian version of Barratt’s four questionnaires is a valid and reliable measure of impulsivity. It seems that among Iranian drug abusers, impulsivity rather than risk taking tendencies is the main psychological feature of addiction.
Majid Mahmood Aliloo, Tooraj Hashemi Nosratabad, Alireza Karimpour Vazifehkhorani,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (8-2018)
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to determine the role of impulsivity, sensitivity to reward and also anhedonia in distinction People with symptoms of borderline personality disorder from normal people.
Methods This study uses both the descriptive and correlative method. The sampling method was sampling and targeting type. The samples comprised of students from Tabriz University (2016-2017 academic year), initial 200 candidates for screening and subsequent 80 candidates for target sampling. In the first step of this study, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) was used for screening followed by Balloon Analogue Risk Task for measuring the impulsivity and resistance variable as sensitivity to reward and the Snaith-Hamilton scale of pleasure is used to measure anhedonia variable.
Results It was illustrated broadly that the impulsivity variable, with 0.61 ratio, has the most important role in the Detection function. The resistance variable towards earning rewards with a 0.47 ratio occupies second place in the Detection function; the anhedonia variable occupied the third place in the Detection function with a ratio of 0.42.
Conclusion Reward deficiency syndrome can be considered as a fundamental pathological symptom of impulsivity and anhedonia in borderline personality disorder BPD. The poor functioning of the brain’s rewards system is a deprivation of sensory mechanisms in people affected with BPD, that led to anhedonia and low arousal and finally impulsivity.
Leila Kehtari Harzangh, Hamid Poursharifi, Rasoul Heshmati,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Objectives This research aimed to compare impulsivity and experiential avoidance in obese individuals with and without Binge Eating Disorder (BED).
Methods We obtained data from 60 severely obese women referring to health centers and gyms. They were selected by convenience sampling method. The participants completed Gormally Binge Eating Scale (BES), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), and Bond Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ). The obtained data were analyzed by the discriminant analysis method.
Results Among 5 investigated components in two groups of with and without binge eating disorder, the components of non-planning impulsivity (P<0.01), and emotional avoidance and control (P<0.05) were found significant.
Conclusion In the two groups of with and without binge eating disorder, the components of non-planning impulsivity, emotional avoidance and control were found significant. This means that significant differences exist between individuals with and without binge eating disorder.
Ahmadreza Kiani Chelmari, Sajjad Rashid, Shoukofeh Ramezani,
Volume 25, Issue 2 (8-2019)
Abstract
Objectives The current study aimed at validating the Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model of suicidal behavior in Iranian students.
Methods The population of the current descriptive correlational and structural equation model included all students of Ardabil city among which 520 people of Mohaghegh Ardabili University students were selected as the sample. Suicide Attempt Scale, The Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Implementation Scale, The Short Defeat and Entrapment Scale, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Impulsivity Scale, Exposure to suicidal behavior Scale, Self-Perceived Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale, and Non-suicidal self-injury Scale were used.
Results The study findings showed that the modal had a good fitness in students’ community and can explain suicide properly. Defeat and Entrapment play the most roles in forming suicide ideas and interpersonal needs; loneliness has a little effect on forming suicide ideas. Implementation, acquired capability for suicide and suicide ideas are the most important mediators that can explain suicide attempt in this model.
Conclusion Based on the current study findings it can be concluded that Motivational Volitional Model can explain suicide.
Siyamak Tahmasebi, Alireza Karimpour Vazifehkhorani,
Volume 27, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to compare the effects of two methods of motivational manipulation and neurofeedback on reward sensitivity, delay discounting, and impulsivity in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Methods: This is an experimental study with a pre-test/post-test/follow-up design using a control group. Participants were 90 children aged 7-12 years with ADHD in Tehran, Iran who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Neurofeedback and motivational manipulation were performed in the two intervention groups at 12 sessions each session for 45 minutes. Balloon Analogue Risk task and Chocolate Delay Discounting task were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using MANCOVA in SPSS v.23 software.
Results: After controlling the effects of pre-test scores on post-test scores, the difference between the groups in the post-test phase was statistically significant in terms of impulsivity and delay discounting (P<0.01) and reward sensitivity (P<0.05). The neurofeedback method (Mean=4.66) had a greater effect on reward sensitivity than motivational manipulation method (Mean=2.31) compared to the control group, which was significant (P<0.01). The effect of motivational manipulation (Mean=2.31) was not significant in comparison with the control group.
Conclusion: Voluntary activation of dopaminergic regions of the brain by neurofeedback and motivational manipulation leads to endogenous dopamine control in these regions, resulting in successful regulation or inhibitory control and reduced cravings, which reduces impulsivity and reward sensitivity.
Dr Farshad Sheybani, Dr Shokoufeh Aalaei, Ali Talaei, Zanireh Salimi, Mr Reza Emran,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (3-2024)
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to investigate the effect of combined working memory training (WMT) and attention control training (ACT) on craving, impulsivity, and working memory of opioid addicts under methadone therapy.
Methods This is a randomized controlled clinical trial. Participants were 50 male opioid addicts who were selected from addiction treatment clinics in Mashhad, Iran. After their random allocation to the intervention and control group, the intervention group received WMT+ACT for 4 weeks using a mobile application. Pre- and post-test assessments were conducted using a craving scale, Barratt impulsiveness scale, and Wechsler's digit span test. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance were employed for data analysis.
Results The combined intervention significantly reduced craving and impulsivity in the intervention group compared to the control group, but it had no significant effect on working memory (P>0.05).
Conclusion The mobile-based WMT+ACT intervention is a useful intervention for male opioid addicts under methadone therapy.
Mehdi Zemestani, Iman Parniani,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (7-2024)
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to investigate the mediating role of impulsivity in the relationship between the pathological personality traits and externalizing spectrum disorders in men with substance use disorders (SUDs).
Methods This is a correlational cross-sectional study using the structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population consists of all men with a history of SUDs who were undergoing outpatient treatment in addiction treatment centers in Sanandaj, Iran, of whom 349 were selected using a convenience sampling method. The instruments were the personality inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), the externalizing spectrum inventory (ESI), and the Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS). Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22 and AMOS version 24.
Results The results showed that the PID-5 pathological personality traits of antagonism (β=0.593, P=0.001), detachment (β=0.513, P=0.001), disinhibition (β=0.616, P=0.001), negative affectivity (β=0.565, P=0.001), and psychoticism (β=0.541, P=0.001) had significant and positive correlations with the ESI score. Furthermore, the bootstrap test results showed that the BIS dimensions of cognitive, motor and non-planning impulsivity significantly mediated the relationship between five pathological personality traits and externalizing spectrum disorders (P<0.05).
Conclusion Given the mediating role of impulsivity in the relationship between pathological personality traits and externalizing spectrum disorders in men with SUDs, more attention should be paid to these constructs for prevention and treatment of SUDs.
