Showing 20 results for Zare
Hasan Palahang, Khatereh Azimi, Jahandar Zarean,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (Summer & Fall 1999)
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence rate of mental disorders in factory workers in Shahr-e-Kord and Brojen. Following a pilot study and determination of cut-off point for the SRQ-24 Questionnaire, the study was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, 503 subjects were administered the questionnaire and in the second stage, 148 subjects who had scores equal to or higher than the cut-off point were assessed by a clinical interview checklist based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Results showed that the prevalence of mental disorders was 19.9% (females 23.4% and males 19.1 %). The most prevalent disorders were anxiety disorders (7.7%) and mood disorders (7%) followed by somatoform disorders (2.4%) and adjustment disorders (1.4%). The findings also indicated that the prevalence of mental disorders among technical workers, semi-skilled workers and unskilled workers were 22.6%, 20.4%, and 18.6%, respectively. There were also significant relationships between level of education, marital status and mental disorders. In this study, the prevalence of comorbid mental disorders was 26%.
Esmael Zare's Zavaraki,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (Summer& Fall 2001)
Abstract
Objectives : the present study was designed to investigate children's motor skills and their neurological functions. Since children's primary behavioral response is of the motor type, and since motor skills start with reflexive activities and become more complex as the central nervous system develops and gradually relate to higher neurological centers, an investigation of children's motor development would provide insights into their neurological functioning. Method: 20 primary school boys, with mathematics learning disorder, were selected. Their neurological functioning were compared with those of 20 3rd and 4th grade normal school boys studying in Tehran using the Raven Progressive Matrix Test for children, the mathematics Learning Disorder Diagnostic Test and the Lincoln-Ozertsy Motor Development Test. The data were analyzed through correlation coefficients and t-test procedures. Findings: the findings demonstrated that general motor skills were more developed among normal students than those suffering from mathematics learning disorder. Furthermore, major and fine motor skills, motor coordination, motor speed and static balance were more developed in normal school children than in children with mathematics learning disorder students.
Mostafa Zarean, Amin Asadollah-Pour , Dr. Abbas Bakhshi-Pour Roodsari ,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (8-2007)
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives: Regarding the importance of the role of emotional intelligence in the incidence of emotional disorders and mental health, this study was carried out to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and problem-solving styles with general health.
Method: In this cross-sectional, descriptive, and corelational study, Modified Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (MSEIS), Problem-Solving Styles (PSS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were assessed on 69 first-year psychology and educational sciences students of Tabriz�University in two steps. They were selected by a stratified cluster sampling. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and stepwise multiple regression statistical methods.
Results: Findings revealed that emotional intelligence was positively and significantly associated with general health and both the confidence and the approach styles of problem-solving (p<0.001) and negatively and significantly associated with both the helplessness and the avoidance styles of problem-solving (p<0.05). Results showed that the helplessness, confidence, and approach styles of problem-solving can respectively predict 24%, 8%, and 6% of general health variance (p<0.001). Also, the approach and confidence styles of problem-solving respectively predict 19% and 10% of the emotional intelligence variance (p<0.001).
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and problem-solving styles with the general health.
Elham Zareidoost, Dr. Mohammad Kazem Atefvahid , Dr. Seyed Akbar Bayanzadeh, Dr. Behrooz Birashk ,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (11-2007)
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify and determine coping styles, locus of control, and irrational beliefs in prostitutes in comparison with normal women.
Method: In this cross-sectional study, 60 subjects (30 prostitutes and 30 normal women) participated by filling out Rotter's Locus of Control Scale, Moos and Biling's Coping Style Questionnaire, and Johnn's Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire. Prostitutes were selected based on convenient sampling and normal women were selected from vocational school students. Both groups were matched by age and edu- cational level. Collected data were analyzed using t-test and c2 test.
Results: The results showed no significant correlation between locus of control and delinquency. Coping styles focused on problem solving and rational beliefs were similar in both groups. However, prostitutes relied on emotional coping style in stressful situations more frequently than non-delinquent women did (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Prostitutes rely on emotional manipulations and emotional coping style more than non-delinquent women when encountering life difficulties. They feel more helplessness and show higher levels of worry with anxiety in response to changes.
Mohammad Kazem Atef Vahid, Shahrbanoo Ghahari , Elham Zareidoost , Jafar Bolhari , Eisa Karimi-Kismi,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (Winter 2011)
Abstract
Objectives: The main objective of this research was to assess the roles of demographic and mental health variables as predictive variables of abuse among in-dividuals referred to police stations and family courts. Method: 450 individuals were selected through stratified convenience sampling from 49 police stations and the family court in the city of Tehran. The subjects were administered a demographics questionnaire, Spouse abuse questionnaire, and the Symptom Checklist -90- Revised (SCL-90-R). The data were analyzed through multivariate regression analysis and regression variance analysis. Results: The results revealed that the variables like pregnancy, low age and education, high number of children, addiction, spouse unemployment, and psychiatric problems could be considered as predictive variables for experience of various types of abuse (physical, sexual, and emotional), (P<0.01). In addition, pregnancy, low age and education, wife's unemployment, and high number of children, are predictive variables for severe spouse abuse. Conclusion: Identifying effective factors leading to spouse abuse can be helpful to develop purposeful programs for reducing and preventing spouse abuse.
Reza Bagherian, Mohsen Maroofi , Fatemeh Seyed Zare , Ali Baghbanian ,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (Winter 2011)
Abstract
Objectives: Although the adverse impacts of depressive symptoms after myocardial infarction (MI) on prognosis of heart disease are known, the link between coping strategies and post MI depressive symptoms remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between coping styles and post-MI depressive symptoms. Method: In a cross sectional study, one hundred patients admitted to the CCU following MI in a hospital in Isfahan, were selected using convenience sampling according to inclusive and exclusive criteria. Data were gathered using Jalowiec Coping questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Norbeck Social Support questionnaire. Results: The findings indicated that 31% of patients had depressive symptoms. The results of MANCOVA showed significant difference between two groups with and without depressive symptoms in coping styles (F=2.185, P<0.05). Also, the results of covariance indicated significant differences in coping styles including optimistic coping style (F=3.754, P=0.05) and support-seeking coping style (F=5.66, P=0.019). However, there was no significant difference in other coping styles between two groups. Conclusion: The low tendency to use optimistic approaches in dealing with life events is one of the equivalents to hopelessness in Attribution theory in explaining depression. Study of path analysis for three dimensions including coping style, cognitive style and depressive symptoms is recommended in a prospective study.
Noushin Zarei, Masoud Ahmadzad Asl, Jafar Bolhari,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (Summer 2011)
Abstract
Masoud Ahmadzad Asl , Noushin Zareie, Jafar Bolhari,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (Summer 2011)
Abstract
Maryam Zare , Zeinab Shayeghian, Behrooz Birashk , Azizeh Afkham Ebrahimi ,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (Spring 2012)
Abstract
Objectives: In order to investigate the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment methods for decreasing agitation in diseases like dementia, a proper scale like Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) is needed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the CMAI. Method: The sample consisted of 100 caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease that responded to the CMAI. Results: The inter-rater reliability of the inventory was investigated by the assessment of other observer. After two weeks, the main observer filled the CMAI for the same patients again. The reliability of the inventory was investigated by test-retest, alpha Cronbach and split-half methods that were 0.99, 0.92 and 0.82 respectively. The validity of the questionnaire was investigated by convergent validity, inter-rater agreement across items and exploratory factor analysis. The results from factor analysis of the CMAI using varimax rotation method yielded 4 factors labeled: 1- Aggressive Behaviors, 2- Non-Aggressive Behaviors, 3- Verbal Aggression, and 4- Hiding Behaviors, which explained 72.77% of the total variance. Convergent validity was confirmed by computing a correlation coefficient between the subscales together and with total scale, which was significant between 0.43 and 0.90 (p<0.01). Conclusion: Regarding the results, it could be said that this inventory can be a valid and reliable scale to evaluate the agitation in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Hamid Salehi, Mahshid Zarezadeh , Babak Salek ,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (Fall 2012)
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this research was to introduce the Persian version of Motor Observation Questionnaire for Teachers (PMOQ-T), and evaluate its reliability and several aspects of its validity in identifying children at risk of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in Iran. Method: We examined discriminante validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, and internal consistency of the PMOQ-T using a sample of 505 school boys and their teachers. Teachers were asked to complete the PMOQ-T. Teachers assessments were compared to students’ performance on the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP) and Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). Results: PMOQ-T had a high internal consistency (Coronbach's alpha=0.91). The DCD at risk group scored significantly higher than the normal children in both BOTMP and TGMD-2. Explanatory factor analysis showed that the PMOQ-T was bi-factorial and the Persian version was compatible with the original. Finally, high correlations were observed between the PMOQ-T scores and "BOTMP (-0.75) and TGMD-2 subscales": locomotion (-0.68) and object control (-0.62). Conclusion: The results imply that the PMOQ-T can be considered a valid and reliable screening tool for Iranian children at risk of DCD.
Masoud Ahmadzad-Asl , Farnoush Davoudi, Noushin Zarei, Homa Mohammadsadeghi, Nooshin Khademolreza, Maryam Rasoulian,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (Spring 2013)
Abstract
Objectives : The current study aimed to design and assess an inventory for the level of knowledge of and attitudes toward domestic violence against women. Method: This study was conducted in two stages. Initially we drafted an inventory based on experts opinion, then validated it based on comments from ten experts. We then piloted the inventory in a sample of 30 married women in Tehran, using Cronbach’s alpha to measure reliability. In the second stage of the study, the inventory was used in a sample of 615 married women from 22 districts in Tehran (15 samples in each cluster from 42 neighborhoods in the 22 districts in Tehran), and finally factor analysis was conducted to examine the statistical determinants in the inventory. Results: The mean (±SE) age and marriage duration in the sample were 42.6(±0.9) and 22(±0.8) years, respectively. 42.3 percent were educated at diploma level and 22.4% had higher levels of education. 82.4 percent were unemployed/housewives and 96.1% were in their first marriage. With respect to ‘knowledge’, five factors relating to violence were determined the overall mean score for ‘correct’ knowledge obtained by the study participants was 51%. Specifically, participants had the greatest knowledge about the consequences and preventability of violence, and the least amount firstly about its epidemiology and secondly about its consequences on offspring (in particular on female offspring). Reliability levels for the ‘knowledge’ and the ‘attitude’ sections of the inventory were 0.769 and 0.64, respectively. Conclusions: The developed inventory showed acceptable validity and reliability in Iranian women. Research on different aspects of knowledge about domestic violence, especially consequences on daughters, is required for appropriate interventions.
Javad Zarei, Hamidreza Taheri, Mehdi Sohrabi, Abdollah Ghasemi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (Fall 2016)
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the special individual, group and cooperative exercises on the cognitive function of children.
Methods Forty boy students aged 9–12 years were chosen from elementary schools of Mashhad. The diagnosis of development coordination disorder, was done using Development Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ), Movement Assessment Buttery for Children -2 Test, clinical interview and confirmation of a psychiatrist. Participants were randomly divided into four groups (control, individual, group, and cooperative which include two groups in below). They trained with one trainer for 24 sessions, and each session lasted for about 60 minutes. Before and after the exercises, the test groups were evaluated by MABC2 and Goodenough dummy test.
Results Data analyses were done using multivariate covariance. The results showed that special individual, group and cooperative exercises had a significant effect on development coordination disorder (P<0.05) and cognitive performance of development coordination disorder children (P<0.05).
Conclusion In conclusion, special individual, group and cooperative exercises can help to improve the development coordination disorder and cognitive performance in development coordination disorder children.
Mahnaz Aliakbari Dehkordi, Hossein Zare, Aliasghar Asgharnejad Farid, Razieh Hashemian,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (Winter 2017)
Abstract
Objectives: Social anxiety is one of the most common disorders of adolescence. Among the factors affecting the disorder to determine the sex (female or male) reported conflicting results, while the relationship between gender role consistent with some anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to compare social anxiety and its cognitive (AFNE) and behavioral (TISC) aspects based on different sex and gender roles (femininity, masculinity, androgyny and indistinct).
Methods: Students (N=277) aged 12 to 13 years were selected using cluster sampling. They were asked to complete research questionnaires including Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SASA) and Child Sexual Role Inventory (CSRI).
Results: The results of T-test, correlation analysis and variance analysis showed significant positive relationships between femininity and social anxiety and its cognitive and behavioral aspects. Significant negative relationships between masculinity and these variables (P<0.5) were also found. More significant mean scores were observed for social anxiety and its cognitive and behavioral aspects in the group by feminine gender-role in comparison with other groups (masculine, androgen and indistinct). However,there was no significant difference in the scores of social anxiety and its cognitive and behavioral aspects in both sexes.
Conclusion: The gender-role schema can be considered as a factor associated with social anxiety and its cognitive and behavioral aspects in adolescents.
Zahra Shahrivar, Javad Mahmoodi Gharaei, Maryam Zare'i, Mozhgan Zarrabi, Elham Shirazi,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (Fall 2017)
Abstract
Objectives This study was done to evaluate the clinical characteristics, function, quality of life, and premorbid adjustment of inpatient children and adolescents with First-Episode Psychosis (FEP) at Roozbeh psychiatric hospital.
Methods During a two-year cohort study (2013-2014), all admissions in the child and adolescent psychiatric ward were evaluated. Diagnoses were made using clinical assessment and the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version-Persian Version (K-SADS-LV-PV). The Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS), Clinical Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), and WHO-Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-Brief) were used to assess the related variables.
Results Among 44 participants (47.7% boys) with a mean age of 193.11(21.5) months, 68.3% were suffering from Bipolar Disorder (BD) and 15.9% from Schizophrenia. Poor premorbid adjustment before the emergence of psychosis was indirectly related with academic level and directly consistent with suicidal risk and duration of psychotic disorder (P<0.05). The level of premorbid global functioning was higher than 80% only in 7% of the participants. This score was less than 40% in 95% of the participants during admission.
Conclusion Bipolar disorder was the most common diagnosis among the child and adolescent inpatients with FEP. FEP was consistent with poor premorbid adjustment and severe global functioning impairment. These findings confirm the need for prevention and early interventions in at-risk individuals.
Saeed Akbari-Zardkhaneh, Seyed Mohammad Shahvarani, Nader Mansurkiaie, Alimohammad Zanganeh, Mohsen Jallalat-Danesh, Siyamak Tahmasebi, Masoud Zareian,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (Fall 2018)
Abstract
Objectives To the importance of screening students’ mental health and lack of a customized tool based on prevalent psychopathological problems in students, the present study aims to develop and examine the psychometric properties of electronic mental health assessment device for high school students-parent form and teacher form.
Methods The study sample included 1697 teachers and 1186 parents of high school students of Alborz, Kermanshah, Eastern Azerbaijan, Sistan and Baluchistan, Fars, and Khorasan Razavi. Parent form and teacher form consisted of 118 and 133 items, respectively.
Results Items analysis based on 8 criteria showed that all items of teacher form and parent form had proper qualification. Explanatory factor analysis showed that the most proper structure for teacher form and parent form are 6-factor structure and 5-factor structure, respectively. Internal consistency was sufficiently good and alpha coefficients were ranged between 0.77 and 0.97 for teacher form and between 0.85 and 0.92 for parent form.
Conclusion In general, psychometric properties of both scales indicate their suitability for screening and research.
Mitra Hakim Shooshtari, Hadi Zarafshan, Mehrdad Mohamadian, Jamileh Zareee, Issa Karimi Keisomi, Helia Hooshangi,
Volume 25, Issue 4 (Winter 2020)
Abstract
Objectives: Early interventions can play an important role in alleviating or eliminating many of the major symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and enhancing new skills. Parental education can reduce the parents' depression and stress and increase their empowerment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a parental education program the mental health of parents, behavioral problems of their children with ASD.
Methods: A group of 30 parents of children with ASD in Tehran, Iran were selected by a convenience sampling and were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The parents in the intervention group received psychoeducational program according to Tonge et al.'s (2006) method in 10 sessions each for 90 min in Tehran Psychiatric Institute. Data collection tools were the Family Assessment Device, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Billings and Mouse's Coping Strategies Scale, and 28-item General Health Questionnaire. All participants were evaluated at three stages of pretest, posttest, and 3-month follow-up.
Results: The effect of parental education program on the clinical symptoms and its dimensions was significant at three measurement phases. In the 3-month follow-up duration, the results remained unchanged. There were a significant difference between the two study groups in general health, family function, coping strategies, and child behavior (F=4.859, P=0.023).
Conclusion: Parental education can improve the mental health of parents and reduce the behavioral problems of their ASD children.
Fatemeh Zarein, Amir Shabani, Amir Hossein Jalali Nadoushan, Masood Ahmadzad-Asl, Solmaz Alaei,
Volume 25, Issue 4 (Winter 2020)
Abstract
Objectives: Identifying the acute symptoms of manic episode remembered by the patients can help psychiatrists improve their ability to manage bipolar disorder. Given the importance of remembering symptoms, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of patients with type I bipolar disorder during the euthymic period to remember their past mania symptoms after hospital discharge.
Methods: Participants were 59 patients with type I bipolar disorder admitted to Hazrat-e-Rasool-e-Akram Hospital and Iran Psychiatry Hospital in 2012. They measured by using Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and their mania symptoms were recorded. Their demographic information were extracted from their medical records. Sixth months after discharge, they were evaluated again by using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRSD-17), SCID-I, YMRS, and Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) through face-to-face interview. To assess the agreement on the symptoms during admission and 60 months after discharge, McNemar Test and Kappa coefficients were used.
Results: most common mania symptoms remembered by the patients were decreased need for sleep (91.2%), irritability (83.9%), excessive involvement in activities with a high likelihood of painful consequences (81.3%) and the least frequent remembered symptom was distractibility (17.6%). The highest positive predictive values were related to the symptoms of irritability (100%), talkativeness (100%) and decreased need for sleep (96.3%), while the highest negative predictive value was related to elevated mood (87.5%).
Conclusion: management of patients with bipolar disorder, psychiatrists can trust the patients’ ability to remember the three mania symptoms including irritability, decreased need for sleep and talkativeness. Regarding the symptom of elevated mood in bipolar patients, negative response of patients can be trusted.
Mahsa Zarei, Reza Nilipour, Mohsen Shati, Shohreh Shakeri, Reza Arezoomandan, Kimia Amirzadeh, Fahimeh Hajiakhoundi,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (Winter 2021)
Abstract
Objectives: Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is an uncommon type of dementia. The hallmark feature of FTD is the presentation with aphasia or behavioral changes which vary in different FTD subtypes. In this study, we propose a quantitative aphasia test as an additive diagnostic tool for differentiation of FTD subtypes.
Methods: The applied study was conducted on 20 patients with FTD (13 men and 7 women) aged 58-78 years (Mean age=63±0.8 years) referred to dementia clinic of Rasul Akram Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Based on clinical diagnosis, patients were divided into three groups of behavioral variant (n=5), semantic dementia (n=4) and non-fluent aphasia (n=11). The Persian Western Aphasia Battery (P-WAB-1) test was performed on the patients to assess their aphasia severity based on its overall score (Aphasia Quotient). The score of each language section of the test was also reported for each study group, separately. After recording data, they were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 software using the whole rock analysis. Significance level of Aphasia Quotient score was measured separately for each study groups.
Results: Patients with non-fluent aphasia had problems only in the speech fluency domain, and their abilities in other domains remained intact.
Conclusion: It seems that P-WAB-1 test is a useful tool for assessing the non-fluent aphasia in patients who suffer from progressive dementia. These patients should be referred to speech therapist for rehabilitation.
Hassan Farrahi, Banafsheh Gharraee, Mohammad Ali Oghabian, Roghaye Zare, Mohammad Reza Pirmoradi, Seyed Morteza Najibi, Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli,
Volume 27, Issue 2 (Summer 2021)
Abstract
Objectives: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is one of the most commonly used measures for screening, diagnosing and monitoring of depression. So far, four studies have examined some of the psychometric properties of Persian version of PHQ-9 in physical and psychiatric patients; however, some aspects of its psychometrics have not yet been adequately evaluated in the student population. Therefore, this study aims to examine more psychometric properties of the Persian version of PHQ-9 in the student population.
Methods: In this descriptive study, 463 students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2018-19 participated who were selected using a convenience sampling method. The reliability of the Persian PHQ-9 was assessed using internal consistency and test-retest reliability for a 2-week interval. Its construct validity was evaluated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. To evaluate its convergent validity, the second version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the depression subscale of the 21-item Depression Anxiety Depression Inventory (DASS-21), the neuroticism subscale of NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the negative affect subscale of the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) were used. The openness subscale of NEO-FFI and the positive affect subscale of PANAS were also used to assess its discriminant validity.
Results: Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.856 and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.869 indicated high internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Persian PHQ-9, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis results showed a one-factor structure, accounting for 47.59% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that all questions were related to one factor. Positive correlation of the Persian PHQ-9 score with BDI-II (r= 0.769), the neuroticism subscale of NEO-FFI (r= 0.508), the depression subscale of DASS-21 (r= 0.647) and the negative affect subscale of PANAS (r= 0.430) indicated an acceptable convergent validity, while its negative correlation with the positive affect subscale PANAS (r= -0.444) indicated its acceptable discriminant validity; however, its score had no significant relationship with the openness subscale of NEO indicates NEO-FFI (r= 0.116).
Conclusion: The Persian PHQ-9 can be used in clinical and research fields to screen, diagnose, and monitor clinical and/or subclinical depression in the Iranian student population.
Ghazaleh Zargarinejad, Saeed Ebadi Zare, Banafsheh Gharraee, Asma Aghebati, Hojjatollah Farahani, Elham Shirazi,
Volume 27, Issue 3 (Autumn 2021)
Abstract
Objectives: Inter-parent agreement and discrepancy on core symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and related externalizing problems can have clinical implications for the diagnosis of the disorder. This study aims to examine inter-parent agreement and discrepancy on ratings of hyperactivity/impulsivity, inattention, behavior problems, and emotion dysregulation in children with ADHD.
Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study. The study population consists of children with ADHD aged 6-10 years who referred to child and adolescent psychiatric clinics in Tehran, Iran. Of these, 51 children were selected using a convenience sampling method. They were separately assessed by their parents using the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham-IV (SNAP-IV) Questionnaire, Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory, Emotion Regulation Checklist, and the Parenting Stress Index- Short Form.
Results: Parents had a moderate agreement on all scales/subscales except on emotion dysregulation which was fair. Mothers rated higher than fathers in all areas except for the inattention subscale. Mother’s parenting stress and educational level could predict inter-parent discrepancy on ratings.
Conclusion: Mother-father discrepancy on the symptoms and problems of ADHD is clinically significant. Clinicians should take it to account when interpreting results of rating scales in children with ADHD. Multiple informants are suggested in using rating scales for ADHD assessment.
