1. Introduction
Marital satisfaction, as the most important outcome of a successful marriage, is affected by various factors. Many studies have indicated to the importance of stable personality traits, sometimes of a biological origin, in weakening or enhancing marital quality [15, 17, 18]. According to the biological model of personality, there are three behavioral systems, including the Behavioral Activating System (BAS); Behavior Inhibition System (BIS) and Fight/Flight System (FFS) [20] that form the personality by regulating a person’s sensitivity to perceived threats and rewards [25]. The role of BAS and BIS is in the occurrence of various anxiety disorders [26], and antisocial behaviors [29], hyperactivity and behavioral disorders [30], psychological disorders (depression and anxiety) [31], aggression [34], and emotional maladjustments [38].
Emotion regulation is the main element of organizing adaptive behavior [75] and had two negative and positive strategies associated with a variety of adjusted and maladjusted individual and interactional outcomes. Studies have shown that Cognitive Emotion Regulation (CER) strategies play a role in prognosis and treatment of psychological problems and in weakening or strengthening marital bonds and satisfaction [62, 63, 65, 66].
Based on the above mentioned materials, the question is how people’s marital satisfaction is affected by the activity of brain-behavioral systems and emotion regulation strategies. Therefore, the present study aims to study the direct and indirect effects of CER strategies and activity of brain-behavioral systems on marital satisfaction.
2. Materials and Methods
This is a descriptive/correlational study. participants were 200 married men and women who were selected from among married employees in petrochemical industries in Mahshahr, Iran who were referred to the clinics. They participated in the study voluntarily and with informed consent and completed the Gray-Wilson Personality Questionnaire (GWPQ), ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (ENRICH-Brief) and short form of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). To test the hypotheses, Pearson correlation test, multiple regression analysis, and path analysis were carried out in SPSS v.17 and LISREL v.8.8 applications.
3. Results
Participants were 106 women aged 25-48 years (mean age= 34.3±6.5 years) with a marriage length of 3-12 years (mean length= 8.14±2.88 years) and 94 men aged 27-50 years (mean age= 38.5±3.91 years) with a marriage length of 3-12 years (mean length= 8.59±2.81 years). The results showed that all study variables including negative CER strategies (P<0.01), positive CER strategies (P<0.01) and the components of brain-behavioral system (P<.01) except the BAS component (P>0.05) were significantly correlated with marital satisfaction. The results in Table 1 showed that the prediction model of marital satisfaction by the brain-behavioral systems and CER had a good fit.


The components of the FFS, BIS, and negative and positive CER strategies were able to explain 19% of changes in marital satisfaction. Among the components of the brain-behavioral system, FFS, BIS and negative and positive CER strategies had significant effects on marital satisfaction, where the BIS with a coefficient of 0.40 had the highest effect and the FFS with a coefficient of 0.17 had the lowest effect. Figure 1 showed that the CER strategies partially mediated the relationship between the brain-behavioral system activity and marital satisfaction.  4. Discussion
The results confirmed the mediating role of CER strategies in the relationship between brain-behavioral system activity and marital satisfaction. The BAS is activated by receiving rewards and the BIS/FFS is activated by receiving punishment. When there is a conflict between the reward and punishment systems, inhibitory behaviors are activated in the individual and arousal is intensified; s/he reacts to this conflict by activating the emotion regulation mechanism, affecting the outcomes of behaviors at the individual or interactive level. Therefore, with the increase of BIS activity, the use of negative CER strategies increases and the use of positive CER strategies decreases, which improves or reduces marital satisfaction. Since the marital satisfaction is the outcome of a long-term relationship between spouses and has significant effects on the health of couples and children, identification of personality (brain-behavioral systems) and environmental factors (CER strategies) affecting marital satisfaction to improve the quality of marital relationships has educational and clinical benefits.

Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
In this study, the procedures were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and in compliance with the ethical codes of the research, including obtaining the consent of the management of clinics and families to participate in the research and ensuring the confidentiality of participants' information. This study has reached the Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) in terms of research ethics.

Funding
This research did not receive any grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-profit sectors. 

Authors contributions
Supervision of research implementation and data accuracy: Pegah Nasiri; Preparing a draft of the article, making corrections and scientific supervision over the method of writing the report in accordance with the standards: Seyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi; Thesis Supervisor: Javad Mollazadeh.

Conflicts of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgements
The authors thank the management staff of Mahshahr Petrochemical Family Clinics and all married men and women who participated in the present study.

 
 

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