1. Introduction
he need to love and be loved is one of the fundamental human needs through their life. Love trauma is one of the most common and considerable reasons for grief and loss experiences [1]. It is a common stressor among college students [4]. Personality traits are effective factors in the intensity of reaction to love trauma. Engle et al. [5] stated that personality traits are influential factors in romantic relationships. Personality traits are important in forming and maintaining an intimate relationship, especially in choosing a spouse and love failure. Another effective factor in development of Love Trauma Syndrome (LTS) is the early maladaptive schemas. Studies have shown that early maladaptive schemas are significantly related to intimacy and compatibility in romantic relationships [9]. 
Spiritual health is an important factor in improvement of interpersonal issues including LTC [10]. Studies on the role of personality traits, early maladaptive schemas and spiritual health in prediction of LTC have shown that they have a relationship with LTC and can predict it [14]. Due to the shortcomings of previous studies in examining the casual relations of these variables, this study aims to assess the relationship of early maladaptive schemas, personality traits and spiritual health with LTC. 
2. Materials and Methods
This is a descriptive/correlational study using a causal model. Study population consists of all college students in Tehran, Iran with experienced love trauma. Of these, 500 eligible students (325 were female and 175 were male) with a Love Trauma Inventory (LTI) score <20 were selected using a cluster random sampling method. For data analysis, the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in LISREL software was used.
3. Results
The Man±SD age of participants was 23.15±4.52 years. The Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) value was obtained 0.043 indicating the good fit of the study model. The results of other goodness of fit indexes, which were acceptable, are presented in Table 1.


The SEM was used to evaluate the relationship of LTC with personality traits, early maladaptive schemas and spiritual health. The SEM model and path coefficients (t values) are shown in Figures 1 and 2. The correlation value between early maladaptive schemas and LTC was 0.78, indicating an optimal effect. The t value was 8.32 which is greater than critical value at an error level of 0.05 (1.96), indicating that the correlation was significant. Therefore, there was a significant positive relationship between early maladaptive schemas and LTC. The correlation value between personality traits and LTC was -0.74 indicating an optimal effect. The t value was -8.56, which was greater than 1.96; indicating that the correlation was significant. Therefore, personality traits had a significant negative relationship with LTC. The correlation value between spiritual health and LTC was -0.77, indicating an optimal effect. The t value was -8.93 which was >1.96. Therefore, spiritual health had a significant negative relationship with LTC.
4. Discussion and Conclusion
The purpose of study was to predict LTC among male/female college students based on their personality traits, early maladaptive schemas and spiritual health. The results revealed that the proposed study had good fit, and personality traits, early maladaptive schemas and spiritual health could predict LTC. And also variables including extraversion, emotionality, honesty-humility, self-sacrifice, abandonment, and life scheme were the strongest predictors of the intensity of LTC. It can be concluded that individuals with low honesty-humility and extroversion and high excitement traits, individuals with abandonment, emotional deprivation, strict standards, failure, and enmeshment/undeveloped self schemas, and individuals with low spiritual health are more vulnerable to LTC.

Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch (Code: IR.IAU.TON.REC.1399.015). All ethical principles are considered in this article. The participants were informed about the purpose of the research and its implementation stages. They were also assured about the confidentiality of their information. They were free to leave the study whenever they wished, and if desired, the research results would be available to them.

Funding
This study was extracted from the PhD. dissertation of the first author at Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon.

Authors contributions
All authors contributed equally in conducting this study.

Conflicts of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
 


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