دوره 23، شماره 3 - ( پاییز 1396 )                   جلد 23 شماره 3 صفحات 335-320 | برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها


XML English Abstract Print


1- گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران ، Email:sh.mohammadkhani@gmail.com
2- گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
چکیده:   (11483 مشاهده)
اهداف هدف پژوهش حاضر تبیین نقش واسطهای نشخوار فکری در رابطه میان سبکهای دلبستگی و نشانههای افسردگی است.
مواد و روشها این پژوهش، تحقیقی پسرویدادی با طرح علّی است. ۱۷۵ نفر از دانشجویان ایرانی به عنوان نمونه به پرسشنامههای افسردگی بک- نسخه دوم، مقیاس پاسخ نشخواری و پرسشنامه دلبستگی بزرگسالان پاسخ دادند. دادهها با استفاده از آزمونهای تحلیل واریانس، رگرسیون، تحلیل میانجی و نرمافزار SPSS نسخه ۲۳ تجزیهوتحلیل شدند.
یافتهها نتایج نشان داد جهتگیری دلبستگی با نشخوار فکری (۰/۰۰۱P<) و افسردگی (۰/۰۰۰۵P<) مرتبط است. شاخص اجتناب سیستم دلبستگی با در فکر فرورفتن نشخواری ارتباط معناداری دارد (۰/۰۰۲P<). همچنین نتایج پژوهش حاضر از میانجیگری در فکر فرورفتن نشخواری در رابطه بین شاخص اجتناب دلبستگی و نشانههای افسردگی حمایت کرد (۰/۰۰۰۵P<).
نتیجهگیری مؤلفه در فکر فرورفتن نشخوار فکری در رابطه میان شاخص اجتناب دلبستگی و نشانههای افسردگی میانجیگری میکند. یافتههای این پژوهش بر نقش رابطه بین مراقبان و کودک در شکلگیری نشخوار فکری و افسردگی تأکید میکند. همچنین برای جلوگیری از ایجاد این سازه ناکارآمد برنامههای پیشگیرانهای را پیشنهاد میکند.

 
متن کامل [PDF 3814 kb]   (7588 دریافت) |   |   متن کامل (HTML)  (37279 مشاهده)  
نوع مطالعه: پژوهشي اصيل | موضوع مقاله: روانپزشکی و روانشناسی
دریافت: 1395/9/9 | پذیرش: 1396/1/26 | انتشار: 1396/7/9

فهرست منابع
1. Cummings, E. M., & Cicchetti, D. Toward a transactional model of relations between attachment and depression. In: Greenberg MT, Cicchetti D, Cummings EM, editors. Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1993.
2. Carnelley KB, Pietromonaco PR, Jaffe K. Depression, working models of others, and relationship functioning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1994; 66(1):127–40. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.66.1.127 [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.66.1.127]
3. Cooper ML, Shaver PR, Collins NL. Attachment styles, emotion regulation, and adjustment in adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1998; 74(5):1380–97. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1380 [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1380]
4. Mikulincer M, Florian V, Weller A. Attachment styles, coping strategies, and posttraumatic psychological distress: The impact of the Gulf War in Israel. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1993; 64(5):817–26. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.64.5.817 [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.64.5.817]
5. Marganska A, Gallagher M, Miranda R. Adult attachment, emotion dysregulation, and symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety disorder. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 2013; 83(1):131–41. doi: 10.1111/ajop.12001 [DOI:10.1111/ajop.12001]
6. Ognibene TC, Collins NL. Adult attachment styles, perceived social support and coping strategies. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 1998; 15(3):323–45. doi: 10.1177/0265407598153002 [DOI:10.1177/0265407598153002]
7. Ruijten T, Roelofs J, Rood L. The mediating role of rumination in the relation between quality of attachment relations and depressive symptoms in non-clinical adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies. 2010; 20(4):452–9. doi: 10.1007/s10826-010-9412-5 [DOI:10.1007/s10826-010-9412-5]
8. Bowlby J. Attachment and Loss, Vol. I: Attachment. New York: Basic Books; 1969.
9. Main M, Kaplan N, Cassidy J. Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. JSTOR. 1985; 50(1/2):66. doi: 10.2307/3333827 [DOI:10.2307/3333827]
10. Hazan C, Shaver P. Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1987; 52(3):511–24. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511 [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511]
11. Bartholomew K, Horowitz LM. Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1991; 61(2):226–44. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226 [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226]
12. Bowlby J. Attachment and Loss: Vol. II. Separation, anxiety and Anger. London: Penguin Books Limited; 1998.
13. Bretherton I, Munholland KA. The internal working model construct in light of contemporary neuroimaging research. In: Cassidy J, Shaver PR, editors. Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications.New York: Guilford; 2016.
14. Margolese SK, Markiewicz D, Doyle AB. Attachment to parents, best friend, and romantic partner: Predicting different pathways to depression in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 2005; 34(6):637–50. doi: 10.1007/s10964-005-8952-2 [DOI:10.1007/s10964-005-8952-2]
15. Saffrey C, Ehrenberg M. When thinking hurts: Attachment, rumination, and postrelationship adjustment. Personal Relationships. 2007; 14(3):351–68. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00160.x [DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00160.x]
16. Fraley RC, Shaver PR. Adult romantic attachment: Theoretical developments, emerging controversies, and unanswered questions. Review of General Psychology. 2000; 4(2):132–54. doi: 10.1037/1089-2680.4.2.132 [DOI:10.1037/1089-2680.4.2.132]
17. Nolen Hoeksema S. Ruminative coping with depression. In: Heckhausen J, Dweck CS, editors. Motivation and self regulation across the life span. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1998. [DOI:10.1017/CBO9780511527869.011]
18. Nolen Hoeksema S, Morrow J. A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1991; 61(1):115–21. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.115 [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.115]
19. Pyszczynski T, Holt K, Greenberg J. Depression, self focused attention, and expectancies for positive and negative future life events for self and others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1987; 52(5):994–1001. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.52.5.994 [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.52.5.994]
20. Lanciano T, Curci A, Kafetsios K, Elia L, Zammuner VL. Attachment and dysfunctional rumination: The mediating role of Emotional Intelligence abilities. Personality and Individual Differences. 2012; 53(6):753–8. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.05.027 [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2012.05.027]
21. Pearson KA, Watkins ER, Mullan EG, Moberly NJ. Psychosocial correlates of depressive rumination. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010; 48(8):784–91. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.05.007 [DOI:10.1016/j.brat.2010.05.007]
22. Burnette JL, Taylor KW, Worthington EL, Forsyth DR. Attachment and trait forgivingness: The mediating role of angry rumination. Personality and Individual Differences. 2007; 42(8):1585–96. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.033 [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.033]
23. Beyderman I, Young MA. Rumination and overgeneral autobiographical memory as mediators of the relationship between attachment and depression. Personality and Individual Differences. 2016; 98:37–41. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.077 [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.077]
24. Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory II. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation; 1996.
25. Fata L, Birashk B, Atefvahid MK, Dabson KS. [Meaning assignment structures/schema, emotional states and cognitive processing of emotional information: comparing two conceptual frameworks (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2005; 11(3):312-26.
26. Stefan Dabson K, Mohammadkhani P, Massah Choulabi O. [Psychometrics characteristic of Beck Depression Inventory-II in patients with magor depressive disorder (Persian)]. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2007; 8 :82-8.
27. Treynor W, Gonzalez R, Nolen Hoeksema S. Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2003; 27(3):247-59. doi: 10.1023/a:1023910315561 [DOI:10.1023/A:1023910315561]
28. Yook K, Kim KH, Suh SY, Lee KS. Intolerance of uncertainty, worry, and rumination in major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2010; 24(6):623–8. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.04.003 [DOI:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.04.003]
29. Giorgio JM, Sanflippo J, Kleiman E, Reilly D, Bender RE, Wagner CA, et al. An experiential avoidance conceptualization of depressive rumination: Three tests of the model. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2010; 48(10):1021–31. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.07.004 [DOI:10.1016/j.brat.2010.07.004]
30. Mohammadkhani, S., Purmand N.S., Hassanabadi, H. [An empirical test of a metacognitive model of rumination and depression in non-clinical population (Persian)]. Modern psychological research. 2013; 8(30):183-204.
31. Baldwin MW. Relational schemas and cognition in close relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 1995; 12(4):547–52. doi: 10.1177/0265407595124008 [DOI:10.1177/0265407595124008]
32. Feeney JA, Noller P. Attachment style as a predictor of adult romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1990; 58(2):281–91. Doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.58.2.281 [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.58.2.281]
33. Pakdaman Sh. [Investigating the relation between attachment and sociability in adolescents (Persian)]. Psychoscience. 2004; 3(9):25-47.
34. Zarrati I, Amin Yazdi, SA, Azad Fallah P. [Relation of emitional intelligence and attachment style (Persian)]. Advances in Cognitive Science. 2006; 8(1): 31-37.
35. Ahadi B. [Relationship between loneliness and self esteem with students' attachment styles (Persian)]. Journal of Psychological Studies. 2009; 5(1): 95-112. doi: 10.22051/PSY.1970.1593
36. Taj, F., Taghipour, E., Sadeghi, M. S., & Khoskonesh, A. [The correlation of attachment styles with self-actualization in Psychotherapist in Tehran (Persian)]. Quarterly Journal of Career & Organizational Counseling. 2013; 5(16):28-45.
37. Overall NC, Fletcher GJO, Friesen MD. Mapping the intimate relationship mind: Comparisons between three models of attachment representations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2003; 29(12):1479–93. doi: 10.1177/0146167203251519 [DOI:10.1177/0146167203251519]
38. Ferguson G, Takane Y. Statistical analysis in psychology and education. New York: McGraw Hill; 1989.
39. MacKinnon DP, Lockwood CM, Williams J. Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research. 2004; 39(1):99–128. doi: 10.1207/s15327906mbr3901_4 [DOI:10.1207/s15327906mbr3901_4]
40. Preacher KJ, Hayes AF. SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers. 2004; 36(4):717–31. doi: 10.3758/bf03206553 [DOI:10.3758/BF03206553]
41. Preacher KJ, Hayes AF. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods. 2008; 40(3):879–91. doi: 10.3758/brm.40.3.879 [DOI:10.3758/BRM.40.3.879]
42. Amani R, Majzoobi MR, Azadi Fard S. Mother infant attachment style as a predictor of depression among female students. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health. 2017; 5(1):834-41.
43. Allen JP, Moore C, Kuperminc G, Bell K. Attachment and adolescent psychosocial functioning. Child Development. 2008; 69(5):1406–19. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06220.x [DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06220.x]
44. Kobak RR, Sudler N, Gamble W. Attachment and depressive symptoms during adolescence: A developmental pathways analysis. Development and Psychopathology. 1991; 3(04):461-74. doi: 10.1017/s095457940000763x [DOI:10.1017/S095457940000763X]
45. Murphy B, Bates GW. Adult attachment style and vulnerability to depression. Personality and Individual Differences. 1997; 22(6):835–44. doi: 10.1016/s0191-8869(96)00277-2 [DOI:10.1016/S0191-8869(96)00277-2]
46. Nolen Hoeksema S. Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1991; 100(4):569–82. doi: 10.1037/0021-843x.100.4.569 [DOI:10.1037/0021-843X.100.4.569]
47. Just N, Alloy LB. The response styles theory of depression: Tests and an extension of the theory. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1997; 106(2):221–9. doi: 10.1037/0021-843x.106.2.221 [DOI:10.1037/0021-843X.106.2.221]
48. Kuehner C, Weber I. Responses to depression in unipolar depressed patients: An investigation of Nolen Hoeksema's response styles theory. Psychological Medicine. 1999; 29(6):1323-33. doi: 10.1017/s0033291799001282 [DOI:10.1017/S0033291799001282]
49. Nolen Hoeksema S, Morrow J, Fredrickson BL. Response styles and the duration of episodes of depressed mood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1993; 102(1):20–8. doi: 10.1037/0021-843x.102.1.20 [DOI:10.1037/0021-843X.102.1.20]
50. Whitmer A, Gotlib IH. Brooding and reflection reconsidered: A factor analytic examination of rumination in currently depressed, formerly depressed, and never depressed individuals. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2011; 35(2):99–107. doi: 10.1007/s10608-011-9361-3 [DOI:10.1007/s10608-011-9361-3]
51. Nolen Hoeksema S, Wisco BE, Lyubomirsky S. Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 2008; 3(5):400–24. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x [DOI:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x]
52. Zuroff DC, Fitzpatrick DK. Depressive personality styles: Implications for adult attachment. Personality and Individual Differences. 1995; 18(2):253–65. doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(94)00136-g [DOI:10.1016/0191-8869(94)00136-G]
53. Diamond G, Siqueland L, Diamond GM. Attachment based family therapy for depressed adolescents: Programmatic treatment development. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review. 2003; 6(2):107-27. PMID: 12836580 [DOI:10.1023/A:1023782510786] [PMID]

بازنشر اطلاعات
Creative Commons License این مقاله تحت شرایط Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License قابل بازنشر است.