Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate validity, reliability and factorial structure of the Persian version of the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (CSDS). Method: The method of translation- back translation was used for regulating the Persian version of the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (CSDS). A total of 413 questionnaires (234 females and 179 males) were completed for CSDS factorial structure by the method of convenient sampling for different disciplines (technical, basic science and human science) in Tehran University. In order to estimate test-retest reliability, 28 female students have responded two times during two weeks and 26 male students have responded two times during five weeks to Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (CSDS),. Also, 55 female student and 45 male students were evaluated for convergent validity. In addition to Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (CSDS), Personal Feeling Questionnaire (PFQ), Levels of Self-Criticism Scale (LSCS) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used for gathering the information. Data analysis was performed by using of Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and exploratory factorial analysis. Results: Factorial analyses showed four factors for male items (23 items): “inconsideration and lack of obligation”, “neglect”, “risk taking” and “stupefaction” and three factors for female items (19 items): “neglect and risk taking”, “irregularity”, and “lack of preservation and planning”. Four factors of male scale and three factors of female scale determined 50.5% and 45.4% of the total variance score, respectively. Cronbach Alpha coefficients were 0.849 and 0.845 for men and women, respectively.  The Cronbach Alpha coefficients were 0.865-0.698 for men and 0.685-0.800 for women. The internal consistency of the scale was confirmed through calculating the Pearson correlation among score of factors together and also with total score and Spearman correlation coefficient between items of each factor. Convergent validity was verified by calculation of Pearson correlation coefficient between total score and the score of the factors of CSDS to scores of depression, the feel of shame and guilt, internalized self-criticism, and comparative self-criticism. Conclusion: The results supported the validity, reliability and factorial structure of Persian version of CSDS for using in researches.