@article{ author = {Ghoraishizadeh, sayad mohamad and Fakhari, ali}, title = {Comparison of Lithium, Carbamazepine and Valproate in the Treatment of Acute Classic Mania}, abstract ={The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three common mood stabilizing drugs, Lithium, Carbamazepine and Valproate in the treatment of acute mania Of the 114 patients who participated in this study, 60 were treated with Lithium, 30 with Carbamazepine and 24 with Valproate. This study was a prospective and double blind study. The patients were assessed by GAF Scale and a manic symptoms questionnaire twice in the course of study and each time by one of the researchers. The findings indicated that 70% of Lithium group and 62.5% of Valproate group showed a good or moderate response to treatment, but only 30% of carbamazepine group responded well to treatment. The clinical symptoms showed a reduction of 75% in both Lithium and Valporate groups, and 40% in Carbamazepine group. Therefore there was no significant difference between the efficacy of Lithium and Valproate in the treatment of acute classic mania, but Carbamazepine was less effective than the other two drugs (P<0.01). However, Carbamazepine was effective in reducing the psychotic symptoms.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {4-10}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1752-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1752-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Bayanzadeh, sayad akbar and ZamaniMonfared, afshi}, title = {Mental Health Status in Personnel of an Industrial Complex}, abstract ={This study investigated the mental health status of personnel of an industrial complex. Subjects (N=411), were selected through cluster sampling and were administered the SCL-90-R. The mean age of the sample was 39.6 with a mean of 17.7 years of service. The majority of the subjects were men (95.5%), were employed as technical workers (94.6%) and had elementary level education (36.5%), Data were analyzed by X2, t-test and analysis of variance. The results showed that 37.96% of the subjects obtained scores above the cut off point, indicating the presence of possible illness. Most of their complaints were of somatic nature and anxiety. Although a big proportion of this group had ages between 31 to 40, with 11 to 20 years of service, married and women, with elementary education, but there was no significant difference between these variables and mental disorders.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {10-23}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1753-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1753-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {HeidariPahlavian, ahmad and Mahjob, hosayn and Zarrabian, moham}, title = {The Relationship Between Intenud and External Locus of Control, Depression and EdUCDJional Performance Among Hamedan Medical School Students}, abstract ={386 Students (181 female and 205 male) were selected randomly and asked to complete a demographic data sheet. Rutter's Internal and External locus of Control and the Beck Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed by t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results revealed, that 28% of students exhibited external locus of control, whereas, 72% exhibited internal locus of control. The mean scores of internal and external locus of control and depression were significantly different in male and female groups. The ~ students evidenced internal locus of control and showed more interest in their major field of study than those with external locus of control. However, there was no significant difference between the grade point averages of those who liked their majors and those who did not Suicidal thoughts and feelings of hopelessness were observed significantly more in those with external locus of control than the other group. Also internal locus of control was negatively related to the level of depression. Decline in educational performance rated significantly at higher level in the external locus of control group, compared with the internal locus of control group. Pearson correlation coefficient did not reveal any significant relationship between improvement in the subject's grade point average and internal locus of control}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {23-32}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1754-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1754-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {.Assadolahi, ghorban ali and Khodadadi, fuoruogh and Javid-Moghaddam, mehdi}, title = {Knowledge of the Married Women about Mental Disorders in Haftoon Region of Esfahan}, abstract ={Due to the importance of the knowledge of mothers on the level of family and children's mental health the present study designed to assess the knowledge of 336 married women regarding severe and mild mental disorders in Haftoon region of Esfahan through a questionnaire developed specifically for this study. Subjects were selected through systematic random sampling method from among married women aged between 20 to 45 years old. They were either illiterate or had the least reading ability and belonged to the low socioeconomic class and lived within the catchment area of a community oriented medical center. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient. Results showed that the mothers were more familiar with the symptoms of severe mental disorders than with the symptoms of mild disorders. The findings also showed that with the increase in the level of education, the knowledge about the symptoms of mental disorders also increased.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {32-38}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1756-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1756-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Haghshenas, has}, title = {Persian Version and StandardizlJtion of NED Personality Inventory-Revised}, abstract ={To standardize the Neuroticism, Extroversion, Openness Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R), the Persian version of the test was prepared and administered to a group of Shiraz residents (N = 502). The means and standard deviations for the five main scales and the total 30 subscales are reporteed in this paper. The results of analysis for internal consistency and correlation coefficient showed high correlation between subscales and their relevant scale besides, facets of a given scale with facets of other scales that have not positive correlation were totally satisfactory. The revealed strength of the test in these respects. Moreover, Test-retest reliability assessment with the average of 6.7 months interval for the scales was also statistically significant (r=O.53 to 0.67). The comparison between means and standard deviations of the present sample and those of United States revealed that the two samples were different in neuroticism, openness, agreeability and conscientiousness but not in extroversion scores.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {38-48}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1757-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1757-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Mirzamani, sayad mahmod and Bolhari, jafar}, title = {Application of the F and K Scales of MMPI in PTSD Patients}, abstract ={Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients have high scores on F and low scores on K scales of MMPI. The higher F scors than K scores show that they overreport their symptoms and problems. 128 subjects in four groups (32 in each group) were selected for the study. The groups included: A) out - patients combatants with PTSD (with mean age of 28) B) combatants without any psychiatric problem (with mean age of 27.6) C) non-military neurotic patients without PTSD (with mean age of 24.5) and D) normal men (with mean age of 27.5). All of the subjects were administered the short form of MMPI (mini mult). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Shefe test. The results showed that the first group had high scores on F and low scores on L and K scales. Their Validity scales profiles were similar to those who try to fake bad and exaggerate their problems}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {48-56}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1758-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1758-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Gorjizadeh, mohamad hasan and Macvandi, behnam}, title = {Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Phobia During Pregnancy in Ahwaz}, abstract ={The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and phobia during pregnancy in Ahwaz. For this purpose, 360 pregnant and 60 nonpregnant women, who were referred to the public hospitals and private out-patient clinics were selected through cluster sampling. All of the subjects completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. The results revealed that there were no significant differences in the first, second and third trimester pregnancy periods in terms of the incidence of depression, anxiety and phobia. Nither, there was any significant difference between the two groups of pregnant and non-pregnant women.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {56-62}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1759-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1759-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Shamsaddini, sadollah and Taheri, mohamad hosayn and DadalahiSarab, has}, title = {Prevalence of Self Injury in Persons Referred to Forensic Medicine}, abstract ={Although self injury is a common phenomena seen in persons who are referred to forensic medicine, sometimes attempts to injury oneself cause many problems for the patients and makes it difficult for physicians to make a precise diagnosis. There are two kinds of self injury: pathologic (due to mental disorders) and malingering (planned). The results of this study showed that of 1500 individuals referred to forensic medicine department in Kerman province, 1.7% definitely and 4.7% probably had intentionally attempted to injure themselves. Most prevalent self harming behaviors were seen in individuals in their thirties (9.6%), married (4.6%), with secondary level of education and unemployed. The most area which were involved were head and face (36 cases), body (34 cases) and trunk (16 cases). The instruments which were mostly used to inflict injury were cutting tools and sharp objects.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {62-71}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1760-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1760-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Malakoti, sayed and NooeiGhasemAbadi, robabeh and Nasr, mehdi and EsnaAshari, robabeh}, title = {The role of continuous care team on outpatient treatment of chronic psychiatric patients}, abstract ={Continuous care team has a significant role in the treatment of chronic psychiatric patients and hence mental health services. This article retrospectively studied 55 patients of continuous care system at the Shahid Esmaily Psychiatric Center. Results showed that compared to three years before intervention, during three years post intervention relapse rates, days of hospitalization (90%) and costs of care (85%) had significantly decreased, and job status (60%) had significantly improved. Many studies in Iran and in other countries has shown the efficacy of continuous care team providing mental health services. Since inpatient care provides only one-fifth of country's needs, these findings emphasize the necessity of continuous care team in the mental health system}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {5-14}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1727-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1727-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Khakpour, reza and Birashk, behroz}, title = {Epidemiology of gob Burnout syndrome among counselors and psychotherapists}, abstract ={  This article reports the results of an epidemiological study of burnout syndrome among counselors and psychotherapists. Subjects were 110 (52 female and 58 male) counselors and psychotherapists with M.S. and Ph.D. degrees working in Tehran. One of the aims of this research was to study the effects of demographic characteristics (such as age, sex, marital status, level of education) type of personality, work experience, and number of clients visited per week on job burnout. This instruments used in this study were Geldard Burnout Inventory (GBI) for diagnosing burnout syndrome in counselors and psychotherapists and Bortner Scale for assessing type A personality pattern. Data were analyzed utilizing correlation coefficient, one-way analysis of variance, U-Man-Witney Test and Tukey methods. The findings indicated that 10% of subjects were experiencing mild to moderate levels of burnout and 2.7% were suffering from high degrees of psychological burnout.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {14-23}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1728-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1728-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Hamidah, mostafa and Mashhodi, maji}, title = {The effects of giving information on the level of anxiety in patients candidates for general surgery procedures}, abstract ={This study investigated the effects of giving information and the role of individual characteristic in level of anxiety in general surgery operation patients. 112 male and female (with a mean age of 31.8) in two groups of experimental and control subjects were studied. The subjects answered to Rater Internal-External Locus of Control Scale. Then the subjects in the experimental group were given a sheet with general information about the surgery stages. This information included surgery procedures and information about hernia, gall bladder disease, thyroid disease, abdominal cavity mass, and physician's functions in the treatment of the specified disease. The control group was not given any information. Two hours before surgery, patients completed the Spilberger Anxiety State Inventory. The results showed that the level of anxiety in patients who were given information about their illness and the process of treatment was significantly lower than those patients who were not given any information. There was no significant difference between four kinds of diseases. The level of anxiety in patients with internal locus of control who had received information was lower. When subjects were not given any information, the level of anxiety in patients with internal locus of control was significantly lower than those with external locus of control. There was no significant differences between males and females.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {23-29}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1729-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1729-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Abhari, moham}, title = {A report on the mental health services and the integration of mental health in primary health care system in Iran (Savojbolagh)}, abstract ={  The purpose of the present report is to describe the development of mental health programme in Savojbolagh district, 100 km in North West of Tehran with the emphasis on the obstacles in expansion of mental health services in other parts of the world and in Iran. Data on case findings, the number of referrals to mental health centers and other statistics among the rural population of Savojbolagh are reported. The results showed that the prevalence of mental disorders in this population was about 12 per thousand, but only 0.2% of the cases were referred to psychiatric hospital. According to these data, it seems that the integration of mental health in Savojbolagh area was successful and the programme can continue with some modifications.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {29-41}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1730-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1730-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {AfkhamEbrahimi, azizeh}, title = {Defense mechanisms and personality disorders: inclusion of defensive functioning scale in DSM}, abstract ={  Psychodynamic clinicians have long stressed the role of defense mechanisms in diagnosis and treatment of their patients. However, until recently the defense mechanisms were not the focus of extensive empirical research due to methodological limitations. The inclusion of defensive functioning scale (DFS) in DSM-IV has renewed the interest in psychodynamic approaches to clinical diagnosis, particularly the axis II syndromes in which the use of some defenses have long been considered important. Along with this, a number of prominent theorists like Millon, have linked each pathological character style to a particular defense mechanism. Despite the dearth of empirical research, the existing findings suggest that defenses have strong relationships with adult personality functioning and psychopathology, and DFS ratings have the potentials for adding clinically useful information to the diagnostic process.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {41-48}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1731-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1731-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Raeissi, pouran and Khosravi, ardeshir}, title = {Surveying the Effect of Women Volunteers in Families\' Health Promotion}, abstract ={  The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of volunteer women in changing the health knowledge and practice of families that were under the coverage of urban health centres in Tehran (south area), Sanandaj and Shahr-e-Kord. This study was a quasi-experimental research. In each area one centre with volunteers programme was selected as experimental and a centre without such programme was selected as control centre. The experimental and control centres were matched in terms of social and economical levels of population they served. Subjects were 400 married women (aged 15 to 49), their children (aged 1 to 4) and infants (aged 12 to 18 months). Data were collected through interview and questionnaire. In the experimental centres before providing this service the subject's knowledge of health issues and their health practice were measured. After the completion of the programme, samples were selected from both experimental and control centres. Pre-test and post-test measures in the two groups were compared. The results showed that this programme ted to a significant increase in the knowledge and practice of the experimental groups in the south area of Tehran. These changes were also seen in Sanandaj and Shahr-e-Kord but were not statistically significant. In terms of the functioning of the mothers with children aged 14 years old only those in the south area in Tehran showed significant improvement. No significant changes in the functioning of the mothers in Sanandaj and Shahr-e-Kord were noted. Although some improvement in terms of child care is demonstrated by mothers in south Tehran but findings of other regions do not indicate any noticeable change.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {48-62}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1732-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1732-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {GheiasFakhri, atefeh and ShekohiYekta, mohse}, title = {The Effects of P L.U. Programme on Attitude Change of First Grade Guidance School Girls Towards Exceptional Students}, abstract ={In this study 123 female students selected randomly from guidance schools were divided into control and experimental groups and were then administered an attitude questionnaire. This questionnaire has three parts, the first pan consists of 20 questions that measure general attitude (social desirability and educational status). The second part has 31 adjectives (positive, negative, Pitying) and the subjects are asked to indicate what adjective they use to describe the exceptional students. The third part, consists of questions about prior experiences that the Subjects may have had with exceptional students. Then the experimental group participated in P. L U. (l) Educational Programme for 8 sessions. Following the completion of the programme both the experimental and the control group were again administered the attitude questionnaire. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results showed that at the post-test, the students in the experimental group used more positive statements in describing the exceptional students than the control group. But there were no significant differences in other subtests. Qualitative results showed that students in this course had become more familiar with the exceptional students and this had led to developing a better feeling towards them }, Keywords = {P.LU., students, attitude, exceptional students, Tehran}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {62-69}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1733-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1733-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Salime, sayad hosay}, title = {The Necessity to Re-examine the Classification Criteria of Conduct Disorders in Adolescence}, abstract ={  Using Rater Scale and Friendship Measurment Questionnaire, the incidence of conduct disorders in 881 girls and boys aged 11-14 in the south regions of London was investigated. The subjects were selected through accidental sampling method. Data showed no significant differences between the incidence of conduct disorders in girls and boys. But it seemed that the behaviour patterns of girls and boys were different. The need for re-examination of conduct disorders in adolesence with regards to sex for accurate evaluation of diagnostic criteria was emphasized .}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {69-100}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1734-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1734-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1999} } @article{ author = {Vakilzadeh, sayad bahaodin and Palahang, has}, title = {Prevalence of Mental Disorders in Physicians\' Private Clinics}, abstract ={The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of mental disorders in general practitioners (GPs), internist, neurologists and psychiatrists private clinic. Samples were 400 (163 male, 237 female) who were selected randomly from four private clinics. The instrument used in this study was SRQ-20 Questionnaire. Results showed that the prevalence of mental disorders was 51% (49.1% for male, 52.3% for female). The prevalence of mental disorders in psychiatric clinics was 80%, in internist clinics 48%. In GPs clinics 43% and in neurological clinics 33%. The findings indicated that with excluding the psychiatrist's clinical prevalence of mental disorders in other clinics was 41.3%. Furthermore people who visited by psychiatrists had higher scores on SRQ-20 than others.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {4-13}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1735-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1735-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Moradi, ebadallah and Ashayeri, hasan and Rasolian, maryam}, title = {Neurpsychological Functioning Among Healthy Siblings of Scchizophernic Patients}, abstract ={Many studies suggest that the relatives of patients with schizophernia exhibit neuropsychological impairments that are similar to those seen among these patients. In this study some neuropsychological functioning of 10 patients with continuous schizophernia, and 19 of their healthy siblings (7 females and 12 males) were compared with the functioning of 24 normal control subjects (10 females and 14 males). The normal and sibiling groups were matched for agem gender, IQ, education, and handedness. The functions evaluated were abstract reasoning, motor ability, verbal memory, short-term memory, mental control, and visual memory which were assessed by similarities subtest of WAIS-R, Vigorimeter, Paired- Associate Vocabulary and Mental Control subtest of WMS, Digit Span and Digit Symbol of WAIS-R, and Benton Visual Retention test (BVRT), respecvively. Reuslts showed that siblings of the schizophernic patients performed significantly at a poorer level than control group in abstract reasoning (p<0.1) and visual memory (p<0.5) . On the other hand there was no significant differences between siblings and patients in mental control.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {13-21}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1737-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {.Sohrabi, hamid reza and Ashayeri, hasan and Nasr, mehdi}, title = {Retrieving from Visual Memory in Schizophernics Right Hemisphere Brain Damaged and Normal Group}, abstract ={Short-term visual retrieving processes were investigated in three groups, of schizophernics (n=10), right hemisphere brain damaged (n=10) and a normal grou (n=10) . All of subjects were men and right handed. The study utilized WAIS (verbal subtests), meaningless Syllabuses, Retrieve and Recall tests and Non-verbal Patternes Retrieve and Recall Tests. Data were analyzed by three factor repeated mesure. Results showed a makor retrieval dysfunction in schizophernics and a significant relationship between poor performance on nonverbal tests and right hemisphere brain damage. On the other hand, the normal group significantly performed bettwe than the other two gropus on both verbal and von verbal retrieving tests.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {21-31}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1736-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1736-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Falahati, mohsen and Ashayeri, hasan and Baanzadeh, sayad akbar}, title = {Irainian Amateur Bosing and its Neuropsychological Effects}, abstract ={Boxing is the favorite sport for adult adolescents and lay people. But the harshness of this sport and the possibility of injury to the head has led to many criticism from religious, medical and athletic assciations. The purpose of the present study was to answer this question: Does amateur boxing lead to neuropsychological impairments ? In order to study the short-term and long-term efects of mateur boxing. Two groups of the boxesrs were selected, ten active amateur boxers with an age range of 17 to 32 and ten former amateur boxers and members of the national team, with an age range of 32 to 48, and two control groups. All of the subjects were administered seven neuropsychological tests: Wechsler Memory Scale, Sisconsin Card Sorting Test (WSCT), Bonardel, Hazz Subtle Movements, Overlapping Pictures, Recognition the Incomplete Stimulus and Determination Minumim Recognition Threshold. Data were analyzed by t-test and analysis of variance. The results showed no significant differences between experimental and control groups. Therefore, Iranian amateur boxing does not seem to lead to significant signs of neuropsychological impairment.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {31-40}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1738-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1738-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {.Raeissi, poran and Zaheeri, mansor}, title = {Sources of Stress for Hospital Managers and its Impact on their Job Performance}, abstract ={The aims of the present study were to assess the level of stress in hospital managers, to determine the sources of stress among hospital managers, and to evaluate the impact of stress on their job performance and, also to identify the relationship between some of the mamagers' personal characterisitcs and their level of stress. To achieve the above objectieves, it was decided to include all of the hospital mamagers (n=79) from Fars and Khozestan provinces in Iran in the study. However only 53 of them agreed to participate and complete the required questionnaires. The fingins revealted that 58% of the mamagers experienced high levels of stress. The rates were 51% and 70% for Fars and Khozestan provinces, respectively. When they were separated according to the type of hospital they managed, i.e. public or private, the percentages were 11.1% and 68.2% respectively. The findings revealed that the ten following factors were the top ranking sources of stress for the mamagers: 1- inflation and high cost of living. 20 Physical condition of working environment, fatigue and work. Related accidents 3- Competitors' success. 4- Difficult to deal with personnel at work. 5- Difficulty of job. 6- Having great responsibility for recovery of patients. 7- Number of tasks that need to be done simulaneously. 8- Shortage of recreational facilities. 9- Low salary. 10- Negative attitude of the community. Based on the above analysis most of the factors causing stress were work related. The rsults also indicated that stress had reduced the mamagers' morale, motivation, quality of their work and had also a negative impact on their baility for effective decision making process.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {40-49}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1739-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1739-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {.Vahhabzadeh, abdolvahab and Malek, auob and .Khorassani, malihe}, title = {Definition and Tolerance of Stress Among Religious Groups}, abstract ={Stress is one of the main neuroscientific issues of our time. However, we have little knowledge of the neurological processes of stress. During the past decade studies have shown that in addition to the genetic factors, stress palys a major role in mental and psychosomatic diseases. Severe, chronic and uncontrolled stresses cause some changes in monoaminergic system, and through neural peptides cause changes in the plasticity of these systems. It is necessary to study the effects of other factors such as genetic, culture and geographic in this brain process as well.The present study aimed to investigate the role of religious beliefs on definition and tolerance of stressful life event. Subjects were 100 volunteer (50 in each group) males with an age range of 12-25 from Iran and other countries who were selected randomly. We used analyzed using t-test and ANOVA (Analysis of variance). The results showed that stressful life events differed in two groups and results of other studies. Furthermore, tolerance of stress as measured by percent of psychosomatic disease differed significantly in these two groups. The results indicated that religious beliefs increase the tolerance of stress.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {49-56}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1740-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1740-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Farzadi, hamid and Birask, bhroz and Goya, mohamad mehdi}, title = {Psycho-Social Aspects and Coping Methods in two Groups of Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)}, abstract ={The purpose of this study is to examine the psycho-social aspects, coping methods, as well as the quality of social relationship in two groups of patients with HIV infection. This study is ex-post-facto research. Subjects are 10 patients (7 male, 3 female with mean age of 31.5) infected with HIV who lived with their families. The patients were screended by the Well-Being Questionnaire and were divided into two equal groups of high psychological well-being and low psychological well-being. Then 3 questionnaires were used to evaluate the quality of their social relationships, coping methods, and psycho-social stressors. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and correlation coefficient. The result showed no significant differnces between the two groups in terms of the psycho-social stressors and the distress caused by these stressors. However, there were significant differences within each grou between the effects of psycho-social stressors before and after being infected. Also the findings showed significant differences between patients with high psychologial well-being and those with low psychological well-being in terms of applying active cognitive and behavioral coping methods. Finally, analysis of data relating to quality of social relationship, in the areas fo social support, conflictual relations and depth of relations, showed no significant differences between the two groups.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {56-65}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1741-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1741-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {SalarBehzadi, ali rez}, title = {The Rate of reference to Iranian Literature in Psychological and Psychiatric Studies: A Review of the Studies about Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects of the Imposed Iran-Iraq War}, abstract ={This study investigated the rate of reference to Iranian literature in psychological and psychiatric studies. For this aim, 45 empirical researched on psychological and psychiatric aspects of imposed Iran-Iraq war which were published from 1980 to 1996 were studied. 18.6% of their referenes were Iranian literatures in the list of references, but only 21.3% of these articles used Irainain literatures references in their paper. Utilization of the Irainain references decresed from beginning of war in 1980 to the end of 1996. However utilization of the Iranian articles about Iran-Iraq war increased during the same period. Probably inadequacy of the scientific information dissemination system had led to the decrease in use of the Iranian references. In this article all of studies on the psychological and psychiatric consequences of Iran-Iraq war that have been published until the end of 1996 were listed.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {65-100}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1742-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1742-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Bayanzadeh, sayad akbar and KarbalaeeNoori, ashraf and .Ashairi, hasan and Azordegan, firuoz}, title = {Quality of Life of Out-ptient Schizophernics}, abstract ={The purpose of this study was to depict the quality of life the chronic schizophernics are experiencing in the community, with the aim of providing and appropriate care plan for these individuals. To this end the Wiscosin – Quality of life index (W-QLI) was administered to a sample of one hundred randomly selected patients who lived within the catchment area of the Shaheed Esmaeili Psychiatric Centre. The findings indicated that half of the patients enjoyed a medium level of satisfaction as far as the occupational activities, general satisfaction, social relations, psychological well being and physical health dimension of the index are concerned. One third experienced a low level of satisfaction as regards to mental and physical health domains. No significant correlations were found between the quality of life and patient's demographic variables. Comparing the results of patients under active follow up program and those who did not receive such services may partly explain these differences.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {4-14}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1718-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1718-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {HosseniGhadamgahi, javad and Dejkam, mahmod and bayanzadeh, sayad akbar and Phaze, abolhas}, title = {The Quality of Relationship, Stress and Coping Strategy in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease}, abstract ={The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of stress, coping strategies and quality of relationship as independent variables with coronary heart diseases. 75 subjects (25 acute coronary inpatients, 25 chronic coronary inpatients, and 25 normal men) in three groups-who were matched for age, sex, education, income, marital status, occupation, and residential ownership, were selected for the study. The following instruments were used in this study: Chief Life Events Inventory (CLEI), Coping Responses Inventory (CRI), and Uqality of relationship Inventory (QRI). Analysis of data using ANOVA indicated that in the face of stressful life events, acute coronary patients experienced higher levels of distress than the normal group (P<0.05). Moreover, their coping responses were more focused on emotional inhibitory reactions (P<0.05). This group also reported more conflict in their inter-personal relationships (P<0.05). In regard to independent variables, chronic coronary patients in comparison to the normal group had similar status to acute inpatients (P<0.01) but there was no significant difference between the two cardiac groups. Thus, it is concluded that distress, emotional responses to stress, and interpersonal conflicts paly determining roles in developing and intensifying coronary heart diseases.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {14-25}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1719-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1719-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {.Saboory, shahnaz and .Mehrya, amir hoshang and Ghareeb,, abas}, title = {Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive – behavioral Techniques, Clomipramine and their Combination in the Treatment of Obserssive Compulsive Disorder}, abstract ={This study investigated the effectiveness of cognitive – behavioral therapy, drug tehrapy, and their combination in treating obsessive – compulsive disorder. Twenty one patients with obsessive – compulsive disorder were randomly assigned to three groups: cognitive – behavioral , clomipramine, and combined cognitive – behavioral and clomipramine treatment groups. Treatment outcomes were analyzed with a 3x3 split-plot design using univariate analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results revealted significant differences in all pre-treatments dependent variables, that is obsessive – compulsive symptoms, anxiety, depressed mood, belifs and sysfunctional attitudes in both cognitive – behavioral and combination therapy groups. But clomipramine treatment group only showed significant improvement in depressed mood. Combination of clomipramine and cognitive behavioral techiniques was more effective than clomipramine alone but no significant differences wer found between combination therapy and cognitive – behavioral groups.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {25-35}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1720-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1720-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Khosravi, zohreh and Darvizeh, zahra and Rafatti, maryam}, title = {The Role of Mood State on Self – Appraisal of Problem}, abstract ={The present study examined the role of mood state on self – appraisal of problem solving ability. The subjects were 115 female students (ages 13 to 14) who were randomly assigned to three groups (two experimental and one control groups). In order to induce mood states, three films (happy and sad films for the two experimental groups and documentary film for the control group) were used. Immediately after showing the films the subjects were asked to fill out the Mood Inventory as well as the Problem Solving  Inventory (PSI). The main findings were as follows: The happy group obtained higher scores on self appraisal of problem solving ability than the other two groups. However, there was no significant difference between the sad and neutral groups.The happy group also obtained higher scores on problem solving confidence and personal control ability than the other two groups: and the mean scores of the sad group on these scales were lower than the mean scores of the neutral group.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {35-46}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1721-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1721-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Makvandi, behnam and Solaimani, ali and Liami, fatemeh}, title = {The Role of Parents in Child and adolescent Psychopathology}, abstract ={This article investigates father's role in child and adolescent psychopathology. The role of mother has been studied extensively, but the father's role in child psychopathology has been studied much less and is limited to what has been done in the past few decades. This article reviews some of the studies regarding father's role in child and adolescent psychopathology, namely attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder, delinquency, substance abuse, depression, suicidal behavior, anxiety disorders, schizophernia, autism and eating disorders. Most of these studies emphasize the role of father in child and adolescent psychopathology. }, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {46-57}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1722-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1722-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Hassanzadeh, sayd mehdi}, title = {A Review of Mental Disorders in Iranian Folklore}, abstract ={Medical science in any country is intermingled with folklore. This admixture is seen more in the field of psychiatry than in other fields of medicine. This article first presents the diefinitions of culture, etiology, and attitute toward illness, and then reviews the common belefs or cultrual viewpoints regraridng diseases such as cold and warm temperaments, affliction by an evil eye and methods of combatting it. Finally, the article discusses the reasons for Iranian patients' disbelief in psychiatrists, and how the patients express or evidence their psychiatric illnesses. It is argued that the psychiatric residents' and the young psychiatrists' familiartity with their own country's culture, will increase the patients' trust in psychiatrists and will also increase their chances of success as therapists.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {57-62}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1723-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1723-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Hadianfard, habib and Zolphaghari, fazliyh}, title = {Development of a Competency Test for Children}, abstract ={The present study  aimed at developing a test for assessing children's competency. One hundred children (50 male and 50 female) participated in this study. Subjects were selected randomly from Shiraz second grade middle school students. He items for this test were adopted from Pep and Tennessay Test. Reliability coefficient (test-retest after 15 days) was 0.86. The validity of the test was assessed through correlating children's scores on the Competency Test with their fathers' and mothers' reports which were 0.73 and 0.86 , respectively. The correlation between Competency Test and Child Depression Scale was 0.6. Comparison of the male and female students' scores revealted no significant sex difference in terms of competency except in the area of physical competency.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {62-68}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1724-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1724-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1998} } @article{ author = {Ghafarikhan, mohamad and Kazemi, farhood and Mirhashemi, malek}, title = {Translate}, abstract ={Translate}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {68-100}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1725-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1725-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {1998} }