@article{ author = {Fard, K. and Ehssanmanesh, M.}, title = {Psychiatric Diagnoses among Inpatient Psychiatric Consultations in a General Hospital}, abstract ={ Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for  ordering the psychiatric con- sultation for the inpatients of a teaching general hospital in Tehran, and evaluating the demographic information and type of diagnosis.Method: In 3 years’ time, 300 inpatients (174 females) who were sequentially referred for a psychi- atric consultation from the twelve wards of Hazrat Rasoul Hospital in Tehran, were assessed by a demographic questionnaire and psychiatric interview.Results: About 40% of referred patients aged 18-40 years. Statistical analysis revealed that the inter- nal medicine ward had the highest referral rate (44%). Two most common reasons for referral were general psychiatric assessment (13%) and evaluation of patients’ psychotropic medications usage (11%). The most common diagnoses were mood disorders (24.4%) and coping with an illness (13.7%). Conclusion: Psychiatric problems were common in the different wards of this general hospital.}, Keywords = {Key words: psychiatric disorders, general hospital, psychiatric ward}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {6-14}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-79-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-79-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Shirazi, E. and Tavakkolian, R. and Shahrivar, Z.}, title = {The Effects of Fluoxetine on Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Pilot Study}, abstract ={ Abstract Introduction: This study was aimed to determine the efficacy of fluoxetine in treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. Method: Twenty-two children and adolescents (6-16 years) diagnosed as having ADHD (excluding mental retardation, comorbid disorders, using concomitant medications) based on clinical psychi-atric evaluation, Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA), and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4th Edition (DSM-IV) were enrolled in an open clinical trial in a Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, 2000-2001. Fluoxetine was prescribed 20 mg a day for 7 weeks. The efficacy was assessed before and after treatment by means of three outcome mea- sures: Children Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), Conner's Parent Rating Scale (CPRS), Conners's Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS). The side effects were assessed using a questionnaire.Results: Moderate to robust improvement (improvement >50%) were seen in 65%. Eighty-six percent reported no side effects. Mild to moderate side effects were experienced by 14% which dimi- nished with continuation of the medication.Conclusion: Fluoxetine is well tolerated in children and adolescents and may be an alternative me- dication in ADHD patients who cannot take other medications. �}, Keywords = {Key words: ADHD, clinical trial, fluoxetine, CPRS, CGAS}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {15-23}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-80-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-80-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Khosropoor, M. and Ashkani, H.}, title = {Comparison of Latent Inhibition Mechanisms before and after Drug Therapy in Patients with Schizophrenia}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key words: latent inhibition, schizophrenia, learning}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {24-30}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-81-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-81-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {AzimiLolati, H. and Danesh, M. M. and Hosseini, S. H. and Khalilian, A. and Zarghami, M.}, title = {Postpartum Depression in Clients at Health Care Centers in Sari}, abstract ={ Abstract Introduction: This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and pertaining contributors of postpartum depression (PD) in clients referring to the Health Care Centers in Sari city, Iran.Method: 422 pregnant women at their third trimester referred to ten antenatal care units from Feb. 2001 to Aug. 2002. Mothers were further followed up 6-8 weeks after childbirth. The data was collec- ted using Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), short form of Spielberger’s State Anxiety Inventory, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and a demographic questionnaire. Results: According to the EPDS the prevalence of PD was 22% (n=92) during 6-8 weeks after de- livery. Also, 30% of the mothers were depressed during the third trimester of pregnancy. Based on the GHQ data analysis, 37% (n=157) and 31% (n=132) of the samples were suspected to have a psychiatric morbidity in the third trimester and 6-8 weeks postpartum, respectively. There was a significant relationship between postpartum depression and stressful life events, family support, baby’s health problems, perceived ability to nurse the baby, and the problems at delivery.Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and psychiatric disorders are higher during pregnancy and decrease postpartum.}, Keywords = {Key words: postpartum depression, state anxiety, mental health}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {31-42}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-82-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-82-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Kaviani, H.}, title = {Autobiographical Memory and Problem-solving Performance in Life-Death Continuum: A Research on the Depressed Patients}, abstract ={ Abstract Introduction: This study aimed to determine the relationship between generality in retrieval from autobiographical memory in depressed patients and functional deficit in problem-solving strategies. Method: This survey analyzed the findings of several previous studies that investigated the subject of retrieval from autobiographical memory and the process of problem-solving among four groups: Healthy (n=20), depressed without suicidal ideation (n=20), depressed with suicidal ideation (n=20), and depressed with suicidal attempt (n=20). In fact, investigating the specific details of the cognitive performance on the continuum of "healthy-depressed-suicidal ideator-suicidal attempter" can reveal a clear picture of the subject.Results: Despite a significant difference between the performance of healthy and suicidal non-ideator groups on one hand, and the performance of suicidal ideator and suicide attempter groups on the other hand, this difference is minimal between the performance of suicidal ideators and suicidal attempters in retrieval from autobiographical memory and problem-solving strategies.Conclusion: Increment in the level of hopelessness is directly associated with overgenerality in retrieval from autobiographical memory in response to desirable word-stimuli.}, Keywords = {Key words: autobiographical memory, problem solving, retrieval from memory, depression, suicide}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {43-51}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-83-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-83-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Haghshenas, H. and AsghariMoghaddam, M. A. and AsadiMoghaddam, A.}, title = {Application of Social Desirability Scale in Association with NEO Test for Personnel Selection}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Key word: social desirability, personnel selection, NEOPI-R}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {52-61}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-84-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-84-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {MahmoudAliloo, M. and Atefvahid, M. K. and Bayanzadeh, S. A. and Malakouti, S. K.}, title = {Memory Problems in Checking Type Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder}, abstract ={ Abstract Introduction: The objective of this research was to determine memory problems (episodic memory, memory bias and memory confidence) in checking type obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Method: Sixty individuals with OCD (30 checking and 30 washing types) were selected, together with 60 control individuals (30 with generalized anxiety disorder and 30 normal). The groups matched the checking OCD group in demographic features and were assessed for obsession and compul-sion by the Maudsly Obsessive – Compulsive  Inventory (MOCI) and diagnostic interview. Memory was assessed by two computer-based word lists (recalling list and recognition/confidence list). Results: This study revealed no difference in the amount of recalling words among the groups. Checking OCD, washing OCD and generalized anxiety groups showed memory bias in recalling danger associated words. The checkers had significantly less memory confidence than any other groups. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings were also considered.Conclusion: The memory problem in the checking type OCD could be described in the frame-work of psychological theories, particularly, with a cognitive-behavioral approach.}, Keywords = {Key word: obsessive–compulsive disorder, memory, cognitive-behavioral, checking}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {62-70}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-85-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-85-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Hosseinifard, S. M. and Birashk, B. and Atefvahid, M. K.}, title = {Epidemiology of Mental Disorders in High-School Students in Rafsanjan}, abstract ={ Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of mental disorders among high school students in the city of Rafsanjan in the academic year 2001-2002, and to assess the re- lated demographic factors.Method: 830 students were selected through multistage cluster sampling and their mental health status was assessed by SCL-90-R and for suspicious cases of psychiatric disorders, the symptoms were recorded by a psychiatrist in a questionnaire according to DSM-IV. To determine the cut off point, 120 students (3 clusters, 40 students each) were evaluated and interviewed by a psychiatrist.  Regarding the cut off point of 63, 176 students scored above the cut off point 17 were healthy according to clinical interview and 21 students dropped out regardless of several follow-ups. Thus, finally 138 students were interviewed and diagnosed by a psychiatrist. Results: The overall prevalence of mental disorders was 16.6% (females 21.6%, males 10.6%). The most common mental disorders were anxiety and mood disorders (8.4% and 4.1%, respectively).  Conclusion: Mental disorders were common among high school students in Rafsanjan and there was a significant correlation between the prevalence of mental disorders and some demographic variables such as gender, family history of mental disorders, family history of divorce and drug abuse and type of residence.}, Keywords = {Key words: prevalence, mental disorder, student, Rafsanjan}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {71-80}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-86-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-86-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Pourdehghan, M. and Danesh, A. and Esmaili, H.}, title = {Job Strain and Blood Pressure in Nurses during Work Shifts}, abstract ={ Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of job strain intensity on blood pressure (BP) during nurses' work shifts in the hospitals of Mashad University of Medical Sciences.Method: For this descriptive cross-sectional study,150 nurses who met the inclusion criteria were chosen by cluster sampling. A questionnaire was used to gather the data including personal charac- teristics, height, weight and intensity of job strain. Blood pressure was measured three times: in the beginning, middle and the end of the work shift.Results: Women constituted 79% of the participants, and 80% were married . Eighty-nine percent of nurses had a Bachelor’s Degree, and 31% had BMI>25. There was a significant relationship between job strain and age, marital status and the hospital unit where they worked.  The results imply the significant effect of job strain on the difference in first-second, and second-third systolic BP, but not on differences between diastolic BPs. General linear models indicate a significant relationship between working in emergency unit and first-second systolic BP variations. Marriage and divorce have significant relationship with the first-third systolic BP variations.Conclusion: In this study job strain had a significant effect on nurses’ systolic BP at shift work.}, Keywords = {Key words: job strain, blood pressure, nurses, stress }, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {81-88}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-87-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-87-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Sharify, T. and MehrabizadehHonarmand, M. and Shokrkon, H.}, title = {Religious Attitude and General Health and Patience in Students of Ahvaz Islamic Azad University}, abstract ={ Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between religious attitude with general health and patience in university students. Method: This descriptive study involved 400 B.A. students at Ahvaz Islamic Azad University in the academic year of 2001-2002. The participants were selected by simple random sampling. The subjects filled out the Questionnaire of Religiosity Assessment, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Patience Questionnaire. Pearson correlation and multiple correlation coefficients were used for the data analysis.     Results: The results showed that the religious attitude had a negative correlation with disturbance of general health and a positive correlation with patience.  Regression analysis showed that among the four different aspects of religiosity, faithfulness and ceremonial aspects were best predicators for general health and the ceremonial aspect was the best predicator for patience.Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between religious attitude and general health and patience.}, Keywords = {Key words: religious attitude, general health, patience}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {89-99}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-88-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-88-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {yadegar, farib}, title = {}, abstract ={ Short Scientific Article}, Keywords = {}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {100-102}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services}, url = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology}, issn = {1735-4315}, eissn = {2228-7515}, year = {2005} }