per
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
1998-05
3
4
4
14
article
Pathways to Psychiatric Care in Iran
davod Shahmohammadi
1
sayd akbar Bayanzadeh
2
mojtaba Ehssanmanesh
3
Psychiatrist, Tehran Psychiatric Institute
PhD in Psychiatric Rehabilitation
MS in Clinical Psychology
In order to identity the pathways to pschiatric care in Iran, the rates of visits to general practioners, health care centres, traditional healeers, and use of herbal medicine and referral source of 923 psychiatric patients (494 females and 429 males) visiting private offices, inpatient psychiatric centres and outpatients psychiatric clinics were examined as part of the overall evaluation of the National Mental Health Programme through the use of a 15-item questionnaire. This study was carried out in collaboration with and the techinical and financial assitance of the Eastern mediterranean Office of the World Health Organization. The subjects were selected through straatified random sampling. The mean age of the sample was 31/3 53% were female, 47% were male, 54% were married and 41% were single. Analysis of data using the EPI-6 statistical package revealed that 35/1% of the subjects had been ill from one to five years at the time of the study. About half of the subjects were referred to the ental health centres by their family, relaties, or friends. 85/9% of the patients had initially sought help by visiting general practitioners and 14/1% had initially visited traditional helaers. However, 33/5% had seen traditional healers in addition to physicians and psychiatrists during the course of their illness. Demographic variables such as age, sex, merital status were unrelated to the type of services the patients had sought. The results indicated that although the traditional healers continue to attract patients, a high percentage of individuals seek help from general practioners in the health centres.
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1706-en.pdf
per
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
1998-05
3
4
14
28
article
Epidemiological Study of Attempted Suicide in Kerman
mohamad taghi . Yasamy
1
nasrin Sanei
2
reza Malekpurfafshar
3
ali reza Honarmand3
4
reza Mirshekari
5
Department of Psychiatry, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shaheed madani street, Tehran 16179. I.R. Iran.
Ayatollah Kashani Hospital Kerman
There has been a great deal of reseacrh on the epidemiologic indicators and correlates of attempted suicide in different countries. However, the number of local researches in Iran has been scanty. In a cross sectional study, during a one year period, from June 22, 1991 to June 21, 1992, all consecutive referrals for suicide attempt to three centers which covered all referrals due to self poisoning. Attempts by burining and traumatic methods, were interviewd. An overall 561 patients were interviewed. Data analysis was done uxing X2 for trend and fisher exact for. Data indicated that our cases were younger than the reference population. Females were overrepresented 1.5 times as men (P<0.001), unemployment and low education were correlated as well. The most common method was self poisoning especially by medications (predominantly by Diazepam) self cutting and burning ranking next. Death occurred in 30 persons (5.3%) and addicts had the highest mortality. The least number of suicides (P<0.001) but also the most fatal ones (P<0.001) occurred in autimn. As the lowest figers belonged to December our study doesn't support the western view that the reported December through is related to Christmas and the possibility of a chronobiologic contribution is suggested. Meanwhile, our data suggests that future preventive programmes should be directed toward the youth as the target group.
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1707-en.pdf
per
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
1998-05
3
4
28
35
article
Investigating the Probability of Brain Injury in the Shell Shock Injured Patients, and Comparing with Prisoners of Was with PRSD, Patients with Brain Penetrating Injuries, and Normal Persons
jafar Asgari
1
mohamad taghi Barahani
2
hasan Farashbandi
3
abdolhamid Shriat
4
The purpose of this study was to examine the likelihood of brain damage in shell shock injured patients by comparing their cognitive functioning with three groups of injured patients, prisoner of was with PTSD, and normal individuals.All groups were administrered Wchsler Memory Scale, Benton Visual etention, Dailler Cancellation, Smith Digit Symbol and Wisconsin Card Sorting Tests. The findings showed that in the most of these neuropsychologicla tests there was no significant difference between the shell shock injured group and the organic damage group, while there was a significant difference between the shell shock injured group and prisoners of war with posttraumatic stress disorder.
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1708-en.pdf
per
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
1998-05
3
4
35
46
article
Implicit and Explicit Memory Bais in Depression and Anxiety
saber Lotfi Afshar
1
habibaiiah Ghasemzadeh
2
hasan . Ashaeri
3
bijan Gillani
4
Williams, Watts, Macleod and Mathews' (1988) model of anxiety and depression leads to the prediction that anxious patients will show mood – congreuent implicit memory bias, while depressed patients will show mood-congruent explicit memory bias.Although this prediction has been supported by some researchers (Denny & Hunt, 1992 mathews, Moog, et al , 1989 watkins, et al, 1992), the reliability or generality of their findings remain to be confirmed.In the present study, implicit and explicit memories of two groups of patients with generalized anxiety disorder and dysthymic disorder as well as a group of normal individuals were mesured by recognition (explicit memory) and tachistoscopic word identification (implicit memory) tasks. As predicted, patients with dysthymic disorder showed mood-congruent explicit, but not implicit memory bias. However, patients with generalized anxiety disorder did not show significant mood-congruent memory bias in either implicit or explicit memory tasks.The results of this study support Williams et al.'s model of depression and cognition. But they do not provide support for mood – congruentnt implicit and explicit memory bias in individuals with anxiety disorder.
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1709-en.pdf
per
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
1998-05
3
4
46
57
article
Develpoment of a Cognitive screeining Test Battery for
behroz Dolatshahi
1
sayd kazem Malakooti
2
mehdi ghaddasi
3
The present study was designed to develop a preliminatory cognitive screeting test battery for differentiating brain damaged patients, from psychiatric patients and normal subjects.Based on previous researches, the items scales, administraion and scoring instructions for the test battery were prepared. The test included the following scales: attention, memory, construction ability, receptive language, repetition, objects naming, calculation, resorning and concept formation.Then, a sample of 80 subjects (20 brain dameged, 20 schizophernics, 20 mood disorder and 20 normal subjects matched for age, sex, education) were selected and were administered the battery. Variables such as age, sex, education and handedness were used for matching subjects. The results showed that the cognitive screeining test battery with a cut off point of 116 can differentiate brain damaged patients from other groups (85% sensitivity and 80% specificity) and with a cut off point of 140 can differentiate normal subjects from other groups (85% sensitivity and 85% specificity). It was also observed that the attention and memory scales has higher sensitivity and specificity compared to other scales.Discriminant analysis was used to study the test validity (correct classification of subjects).The results showed that the test battery was able to discriminate differnet groups with 87.5% accuracy classification rate. The reliability of the test battery estimated by test-retest method, based on the performatnce of 20 subjects (five subject from each group ) was 0.9*6 and all of the scales had acceptable reliabiltiy coefficients.
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1710-en.pdf
per
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
1998-05
3
4
57
62
article
Investigating the Relationship between Educational status and Mental Health of Students
sayd mosavi
1
jafar
2
hamid
3
For the purpose of investigating the effects of motivational, cognitive, intellectural and personality factors on the learning abiltiy and educational function of students, the SCL-90-R and Educational Status Questionnaire were administered to 1102 students of Science, Engineering, Fine Arts, and Letters and humanition faculties of Tehran University.Findings indicated a significant difference between the students' high school grade point average (GPA) who were accepted on diffeent quotas. There werew however no significant difffrences between the total score of tehranian and township's students, male and female students, students stydying in different faculties, and students who were accepted on diffeent quotas on the SCL 90-R. However, there were dignificant differnces between diffenrent grous of students on some of the subscales of the SCL-90-R.
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1711-en.pdf
per
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
1998-05
3
4
62
68
article
Relationship of Demographic Factors and Personality Charcterisitics of Child Abuse and Neglect in a Group of Adolescents in Ahar
naser fashidifar
1
mohamad naghi Baraheni
2
asghar Elahi
3
The interest in stydying child abuse and neglect has remarkably increased during the past two decades.The present study is designed to investigate the relationship between demographic factors and personality characterisitcs of children who were abused and neglected. The sample consisted of 235 studntes (14 to 18 years, 131 girls, 104 boys) who were randomly selected. Subjects completed two questionnaires (a) The Child Abuse and Neglect Questionnaire, and (b) the Junior Eysenck personality Questionnaire. Then subjects were divided in two groups: abused and nonabused.The results indicated that parents' age and birth order of children did not significantly relate to groups in the two sexes, but the parent's level of education, family income, and the number of children in the family significantly differed between abused and non abused groups in borth difference between abused and nonabused groups in both sexes was significant. On (P) scale, the difference btween the two groups of boys was significant, but it was significant, but it was not significant between the two groups of girls. The same trend appeared on (L) scale.
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1712-en.html
per
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
1998-05
3
4
68
100
article
A Study of The Validity of Self – Rating Questionnaire in Relation to Eysenck\'s Psychooticism Scale
hosayn molavi
1
faculty of Education, University of Isfahan, Hazar Jarib Ave., Iran, I.R.
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between psychoticism and self-awarencess, slef – acceptance, and gender in normal subjets and to determine the validity of self-rating questionnaire in relation to Eysenck's psychoticism scale. (It was hypothesized that such relationships do not exist to a significant degree between these variables). A group of 72 counselling and education students who were enrolled in the fall semester of 1994, participated in this study. Three questionnaire were administered to all subjects: a sociometric questionnaire, the adjustment questionnaire, and the Eysenck Pychoticism Scale. Then the scores of self awareness and self-acceptance were computed. The results showed no significant correlation between either psychoticism and slef-awareness or psychoticism and self acceptance. The point biserial correlation between psychoticism and gender, however, was significant (P<0.025). Men significantly scored higher than women on the psychoticism scale. The results also indicate that with regard to desirable personality characterisitcs, like extroversion – ontroversion, the subjects' responses in self-rating scales are cogruent with the results of standard personality questionnaires but with increasing undesirability of personality characterisistcs (like neuroticism and psychoticism respectively), the subjects' responses are influenced by self-serving bias and become increasingly less related to standard personality questionnaires and therefore less valid.
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1713-en.pdf