per
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
2002-02
7
3
4
11
article
Delusional disorders among psychiatric patients in Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran
Majid Sadeghi
1
Parviz Aliverdi
2
Scientific member of Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran, Iran, I.R.
Objectives: delusional disorder is not a common psychotic disorder, often characterized by single and systematic delusion. The present study was designed to examine delusional disorder in terms of epidemiology, symptomatology and, phenomenology. Method: the subjects were 51 patients (34 male, 17 female, 45 hospitalized, and 6 out patients), who were diagnosed as suffering from delusional disorder on the basis of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. They were studied for a period of two years at Rooxbeh hospital. The data was collected through a 49 item questionnaire, a Wechsler IQ test, and CT scans. Findings: the most prevalent delusions were found to be persecutory and jealously delusions (49.2% and 40.7% respectively). The average age for the onset of the disorder was about forty one. 20% of the patients were from low socio-economic conditions. In 45% of the cases, severe mental stress was noticed in the background. Traces of mental disorder in the family history, organic disease, and substance abuse were estimated to be 30 %. Results: the pattern of delusional disorder in this study seems not to be much different from that of similar studies. .
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1628-en.pdf
Key words: delusional disorder
persecutory delusion
jealously delusion
infidelity delusion
per
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
2002-02
7
3
11
18
article
Suicide attempt by insertion of a sewing needle in the skull: single case report
hamed Raihani
1
ali reza Ghaffari Nejad
2
Scientific Member of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
There have already been cases of insertion of swing needles in the skull through the fontanell for the purpose of murdering or hurting infants and babies. However no such cases of suicide were ever reported. The present study reports the case of a 25 year old single woman, suffering from mild mental retardation and major depression, who attempted suicide by inserting two sewing needles in her skull, at a previous craniectomy area. Two years before this, the patient had inserted two sewing needles in her belly, and the needles were removed by laparotomy. In mentally retarded patients, depression may manifest itself as masochistic behaviors, and sometimes as suicidal attempts. After the needles were removed from the skull, and the patient underwent a four-week anti-depression treatment (with a daily dose of 100 mg nortriptyline), the symptoms improved and the patient was discharged from hospital.
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1973-en.pdf
per
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
2002-02
7
3
18
24
article
Prevalence of Seizure among patients under clozapine treatment in Shaid Esma\'ili psychiatric center
mir farhad Ghalebandi
1
mehrdad Eftekhar
2
Scientific Member of Iran University of Medical Sciences,
Objectives : there are two seriously limiting complications (agranulocytosis and seizure) in usage of clozapine as the major medication in treatment of schizophrenia. The present study was designed to investigate the degree of prevalence of seizure among patients under clozapine treatment. Methods: the subjects were all the patients under clozapine treatment in Shahid Esma'ili psychiatric center up to March 1998. Findings: the data collected from the files of 70 patients under clozapine treatment demonstrated that 9 patients (12.9%) were affected by some kind of seizure, of whom 6 (i.e. 8.6%) were affected by tonic-clonic seizure, and 3 (i.e. 43%) by myoclonic seizure. All the patients affected by seizure had received doses of 300 to 600 mg. of clozapine. Statistically, no meaningful correlation was found between appearance of seizure and variables such as sex, age, and dose of medication. Results: with regards to the rather high prevalence of seizure as demonstrated here, the study suggests greater care measures for prevention of such seizure among patients under clozapine treatment, such as avoiding simultaneous administration of multiple medications, and starting with low doses and gradually increasing the doses.
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1974-en.pdf
per
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
2002-02
7
3
24
30
article
The impact of medical treatment on natural killer cell in major depression
shahin Tooba'i
1
mehrdad Sajjadi
2
abasali Ghaderi
3
Scientific Member of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Objectives: the purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between natural killer cells and the clinical trend of depression before and after treatment. Methods: the subjects were 15 patients diagnosed with primary major depression, and 15 non-patients selected from among medical students and laboratory staff, matched in terms of age and sex. In the patient group, 6 out of 15 did not continue with the treatment, and 2 were refractory. Findings: the findings demonstrated that two months after pharmaceutical treatment of depression, the level of natural killer cells significantly increased among the patient group. Results: with regard to the findings of the present study, as well as previous studies, psychiatric disorders in general and, depression in particular, seem to have a significant impact on the increment of natural killer cells. Moreover, it seems that paying attention to mental health, and psychiatric intervention in illnesses which are closely related to inefficiency of the immunity system, can both pave the way for greater improvement of mental health
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1975-en.pdf
per
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
2002-02
7
3
30
38
article
Surveying the frequency of psychiatric symptoms among senior medical and non-medical students of Tehran university
ahmadali Noorbala
1
sayad ali Fakhra'i
2
Faculty Member of Tehran Medical Sciences University
Objectives: the present study was designed to investigate and compare the degree of suffering and severity of psychiatric symptoms among senior students of medicine and of other fields. Method: the subjects were 126 senior students of medicine and 84 senior students of science, technology and art at two Tehran universities. They were matched in terms of demographic factors. They were administrated by SCL-90-R and a demographic questionnaire. The inclusion criterion was being final student and the exclusion criterion was set for individual who were clearly suffering from a psychiatric illness. The study examined the relationship between mental health problems and the following variables: suffering from war injuries, weak academic performance, traces of physical and mental illness in the family and in personal history, degree of satisfaction with the educational status, and the subject's religious attitudes. Findings: the results demonstrated that except for phobias, mental health problems were significantly more prevalent in medical students than in students of other fields, and that the rate of this difference was clearly higher among female students of medicine.
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1976-en.pdf
per
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
2002-02
7
3
38
46
article
Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in opium dependents
mohamad Nazer
1
ezatollah Khaleghi
2
ahmad reza Sayyadi
3
Scientific Member of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences,
Objectives: the present study explored the relationship between severity of psychiatric disorders and degree of opium dependence as a negative prognosis in treatment of drug addicts. Method: this study is a descriptive-cross sectional, the subjects were 240 (232 men and 8 women) randomly selected from among opium addicts seeking treatment. The instruments were an MMPI test and a psychiatric interview performed individually. The data were analyzed through a Chi Square, analysis of variance and a Tukey test. Findings: the most common method of using opium is the poker-stone method. The average drug taking period was 5.95 years. The average starting age was 24, and the average number of give-up attempts was 1.1. 50.4% were found to suffer from one or more psychiatric disorders, the most common ones being anti-social personality (25%), depression (20.5%) and anxiety (18.3%) respectively. The study demonstrated that psychiatric disorders intensify as opium dependence increases 30.5% of those who used opium smoking pipe, 39.2% of those who used poker and stone, 73% of those who sniffed the drug and 92.3% of heroine addicts were found to be suffering from psychiatric disorders. Results: the presence of mental disorders in addicts is not far from reality. To treat them, severity of addiction and psychiatric disorders should both be taken into consideration. Degree of addiction serves both as a sort of negative prognosis in unsuccessful give-up attempts, and as a cause for higher rates of comorbidity of psychiatric disorders.
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1977-en.pdf
per
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
2002-02
7
3
46
53
article
The role of family variables in the development of substance abuse disorder
mohamad ali Besharat
1
mahmod Mirzamani
2
reza Pourhossain
3
Scientific Member of Dept. of Psychology
Ph.D. in clinical psychology
Ph.D. in psychology
Objectives: the present study was carried out in consideration of the decisive role of family variables in the development, persistence and treatment of psychological disorders, and the nature of the relationship between disorders and drug abuse, and the significance of these relationships in planning treatment and preventive measures. Method: family characteristics and the role of these variables in the development of drug abuse were studied among 24 male drug addicts who had referred to a private physician over a period of two years. Findings: the study demonstrated that substance abuse disorders are related to the quality of family relations, overprotection by father and mother, and socio-economic conditions of the family. In addition, a significant difference was found between the subjects who live with both parents and those who only live with their mother, in terms of mother's overprotection, starting age of the first substance abuse experiences, addiction age, and self respect. Results: the results demonstrated that, imposition of responsibilities on the son due to the father's absence, along with mother's overprotection, and development of false self confidence in the son are among the family characteristics of young addicts.
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1979-en.pdf
per
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
2002-02
7
3
53
62
article
Explicite memory bias in Trait anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder
zahra Izadikhah
1
habibollah Ghasemzadeh
2
farbod Fada'ie
3
Neurological and Counseling Center
Objective: the study was designed to examine explicit memory bias in trait-anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder. Method: memory bias was examined in three groups of subjects: low-trait anxious (20 subjects), high-trait anxious (20 subjects), and obsessive compulsive patients (20 subjects) in whom danger schema were activated after they were exposed the threat-related material. The trait-anxious subjects were selected from among university students through a Spielberger test. The obsessive-compulsive patients were identified by psychiatrists or clinical psychologists on the basis of DSM-IV criteria. All subjects were tested on explicit memory, and the data was analyzed through analysis of variance. Findings: the high trait anxious group demonstrated explicit memory bias against threatening adjectives, whereas the obsessive-compulsive subjects demonstrated explicit memory bias against obsessive threatening adjectives. Results: the results demonstrated that both the obsessive- compulsive patients and the high trait-anxious subjects are biased against threat-related material
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1980-en.pdf
per
Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
1735-4315
2228-7515
2002-02
7
3
62
70
article
A comparison of pictorial and verbal expression in Persian verbs among children aged four and five
mersedeh Imni Shakiba'i
1
hasan Ashayeri
2
zahra Agha Rasouli
3
mohamad reza Keyhani
4
. School of rehabilitation sciences,
Objective: the study aimed at designing a verb-naming test for healthy children, which could serve as a basis for planning an appropriate approach to the assessment of verb-naming ability among aphasic children. Method: the study was carried out in 2000 as an analytical survey with 140 children aged four and five, selected from day care centers in the east of Tehran, through random cluster sampling. In the pictorial approach, the subjects were asked to name the action depicted in any one of 30 color pictures shown to them. In the verbal approach, the subjects were asked 30 questions about the same verbs/actions. Each subject's score was then calculated and considered as an index of verb expression in any one of the two approaches. Findings: no difference was noticed among the four-year old children in terms of subjects' scores on the verbal and pictorial tests, whereas the five-year old girls proved to be better in verbal expression than in pictorial expression. Results: according to the results of the study, asking questions about actions or explaining them seems to be more helpful than using still pictures in retrieving verbs. While encouraging the child to engage in dynamic mental activity, the former seems to make the child think and better remember things. Moreover, the visual decoding of non-verbal information depends on the child's mental condition, and her/his imagination. Thus, still pictures seem to be inadequate means of assessing verb-naming ability.
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1981-en.html