Volume 27, Issue 3 (Autumn 2021)                   IJPCP 2021, 27(3): 302-317 | Back to browse issues page


XML Persian Abstract Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Moradi P, Masjedi A, Jafari M. Effect of Computer Games on Working Memory, Visual Memory, and Executive Functions of the Elderly. IJPCP 2021; 27 (3) :302-317
URL: http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3215-en.html
1- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. , dr.mahdijafari@mailfa.com
Abstract:   (3735 Views)
Objectives: Decline of cognitive ability is one of the changes old age. Recent studies have shown that computer games has a positive effect on cognitive abilities. Accordingly, the present study aims to assess the effectiveness of computer games in improving working memory, visual memory, and executive functions in the elderly.
Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design conducted on 40 older people in Tehran, Iran who were selected using a purposive sampling method based on the inclusion criteria and after a clinical interview. They were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control groups. The Intervention group played a one-hour computer game (Lumosity) at 15 sessions, while the control group did not play any computer games. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS v. 25 software.
Results: The Computer game had a significant effect on the improvement of working memory, visual memory, and executive functions in the Intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Computer games can improve memory and cognitive functions of the elderly. It is recommended to use these games in nursing homes and the related centers to rehabilitate the elderly. 
Full-Text [PDF 5033 kb]   (2042 Downloads) |   |   Full-Text (HTML)  (1913 Views)  
Type of Study: Original Research | Subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
Received: 2020/04/27 | Accepted: 2020/09/30 | Published: 2021/10/1

References
1. Bowen RL, Atwood CS. Living and dying for sex. Gerontology. 2004;50(5):265-90. [DOI:10.1159/000079125] [PMID]
2. Cheraghi P, Cheraghi Z, Doosti-Irani A, Nedjat S, Nedjat S. Quality of life in elderly Iranian population using leiden-padua questionnaire: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of preventive medicine. 2017;8. [DOI:10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_265_16] [PMID] [PMCID]
3. 3Shahbazzadegan B, Farmanbar R, Ghanbari A, Atrkar Z, Adib M. [The effect of regular exercise on self-esteem in elderly residents in nursing homes (Persian)]. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences & Health Services. 2007; 4(8):387-93.
4. Kalache A, Keller I. The WHO perspective on active ageing. Promotion & education. 1999;6(4):20-3. [DOI:10.1177/102538239900600406] [PMID]
5. Bettio LE, Rajendran L, Gil-Mohapel J. The effects of aging in the hippocampus and cognitive decline. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2017;79:66-86. [DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.030] [PMID]
6. Pyae A, Liukkonen T, Luimula M, Smed J. Investigating the Finnish elderly people's user experiences in playing digital game-based skiing exercise: A usability study. Gerontechnology Jounal. 2017;16(2):65-80. [DOI:10.4017/gt.2017.16.2.002.00]
7. Kheirkhah F, Hosseini SR, Fallah R, Bijani A. Prevalence of Cognitive Disorders in Elderly People of Amirkola (2011-2012). Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2014;19(4):247-54.
8. Ballesteros S, Mayas J, Prieto A, Ruiz-Marquez E, Toril P, Reales JM. Effects of video game training on measures of selective attention and working memory in older adults: results from a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in aging neuroscience. 2017;9:354. [DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00354] [PMID] [PMCID]
9. Verhaeghen P. Working Memory and Cognitive Aging. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology2018. [DOI:10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.382]
10. Mayer RE, Parong J, Bainbridge K. Young adults learning executive function skills by playing focused video games. Cognitive Development. 2019;49:43-50. [DOI:10.1016/j.cogdev.2018.11.002]
11. Brito F, Virgolino A, Fialho M, Miranda A, Peixoto J, Neves I, et al. Do we know what really works? A systematic review about using video games for cognitive training. 2017.
12. Toril P, Reales JM, Ballesteros S. Video game training enhances cognition of older adults: a meta-analytic study. Psychology and aging. 2014;29(3):706. [DOI:10.1037/a0037507] [PMID]
13. Scarpina F, Tagini S. The stroop color and word test. Frontiers in psychology. 2017;8:557. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00557] [PMID] [PMCID]
14. Yousefi R, Soleimani M, Ghazanfariyanpoor S. Comparison between switching and creativity among bilingual and monolingual children. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2017;18(1):1-12. [DOI:10.21859/jrehab-18011]
15. Amini D. INTERVIEW: Interview with Professor Barbara Seidlhofer. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research. 2018;6(2):141-4.
16. Grant DA, Jones OR, Tallantis B. The relative difficulty of the number, form, and color concepts of a Weigl-type problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 1949;39(4):552. [DOI:10.1037/h0062126] [PMID]
17. اکبری. مطالعه اثربخشی روان نمایشگری بر کارکردهای اجرایی دانشجویان پرستاری جدیدالورود. مجله پرستاری و مامایی جامع نگر. 2014;24(1):1-8.
18. Hardy J, Scanlon M. The science behind lumosity. San Francisco, CA: Lumos Labs. 2009.
19. Bediou B, Adams DM, Mayer RE, Tipton E, Green CS, Bavelier D. Meta-analysis of action video game impact on perceptual, attentional, and cognitive skills. Psychological bulletin. 2018;144(1):77. [DOI:10.1037/bul0000130] [PMID]
20. Toril P, Reales JM, Mayas J, Ballesteros S. Video game training enhances visuospatial working memory and episodic memory in older adults. Frontiers in human neuroscience. 2016;10:206. [DOI:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00206] [PMID] [PMCID]
21. Gerling KM, Schulte FP, Smeddinck J, Masuch M, editors. Game Design for Older Adults: Effects of Age-Related Changes on Structural Elements of Digital Games. Entertainment Computing - ICEC 2012; 2012 2012//; Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-33542-6_20]
22. McDermott AF, Bavelier D, Green CS. Memory abilities in action video game players. Computers in Human Behavior. 2014;34:69-78. [DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.018]
23. Blacker KJ, Curby KM. Enhanced visual short-term memory in action video game players. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics. 2013;75(6):1128-36. [DOI:10.3758/s13414-013-0487-0] [PMID]
24. Boot WR, Champion M, Blakely DP, Wright T, Souders D, Charness N. Video games as a means to reduce age-related cognitive decline: attitudes, compliance, and effectiveness. Frontiers in psychology. 2013;4:31. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00031] [PMID] [PMCID]
25. Nouchi R, Taki Y, Takeuchi H, Hashizume H, Akitsuki Y, Shigemune Y, et al. Brain training game improves executive functions and processing speed in the elderly: a randomized controlled trial. PloS one. 2012;7(1):e29676. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0029676] [PMID] [PMCID]

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2024 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb