Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the relation of addiction with protective factors (resilience) and risk factors (depression, anxiety and stress). Method: 346 students of Sharif Industrial University were selected using convenience sampling and completed substance abuse subtle screening inventory - 3 (SASSI - 3), Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS). Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 using Pearson’s correlation test, independent t-test, and multivariate regression. Results: Results indicated that anxiety (t= -3.31, p≥0.001), depression (t= -5.55, p≥0.001), and stress (t= -3.37, p≥0.001) were higher in subjects with a higher possibility of substance abuse, and their resilience (t= 3.56, p≥0.01) was lower. Conclusion: The high prevalence of emotional problems and the high probability of substance abuse among students, prioritize the attending to risk factors and preventive interventions.